Climate of Lahore

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Weather radar of Lahore, located on Jail Road. Weather Radar.jpg
Weather radar of Lahore, located on Jail Road.

Lahore features a five-season semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh), bordering a humid subtropical climate, with five seasons: foggy winter (1 Dec – 15 Feb) with few western disturbances causing rain; pleasant spring (16 Feb – 15 April); summer (15 April – 30 June) with dust, rain storms and heat wave periods; rainy monsoon (1 July – 16 September); and dry autumn (16 September –14 November). However, in some cases, it can be classified as being humid subtropical (Cwa), rather than semi-arid, since it has well defined seasons and an ample amount of rain. It occasionally has very prolonged and dense monsoons, typical of a humid subtropical climate.

Contents

The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed 40 °C (104.0 °F). The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfalls and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudbursts. The coolest month is January with dense fog.

[1]

The city's record high temperature was 48.3 °C (118.9 °F), recorded on 30 May 1944. [2] On 10 June 2007, a temperature of 48 °C (118 °F) was recorded; [3] [4] The lowest temperature recorded in Lahore is –2.2 °C, recorded on 17 January 1935. [5] [6]

Climate data for Lahore (1991-2020, extremes 1931-2018)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)27.8
(82.0)
33.3
(91.9)
37.8
(100.0)
46.1
(115.0)
48.3
(118.9)
47.2
(117.0)
46.1
(115.0)
42.8
(109.0)
41.7
(107.1)
40.6
(105.1)
35.0
(95.0)
30.0
(86.0)
48.3
(118.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)18.4
(65.1)
22.2
(72.0)
27.5
(81.5)
34.2
(93.6)
38.9
(102.0)
38.9
(102.0)
35.6
(96.1)
34.7
(94.5)
34.4
(93.9)
32.4
(90.3)
27.1
(80.8)
21.4
(70.5)
30.5
(86.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)13.1
(55.6)
16.5
(61.7)
21.6
(70.9)
27.7
(81.9)
32.3
(90.1)
33.2
(91.8)
31.3
(88.3)
30.8
(87.4)
29.9
(85.8)
26.3
(79.3)
20.4
(68.7)
15.1
(59.2)
24.9
(76.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)7.6
(45.7)
10.8
(51.4)
15.7
(60.3)
21.1
(70.0)
25.6
(78.1)
27.4
(81.3)
27.1
(80.8)
26.9
(80.4)
25.3
(77.5)
20.1
(68.2)
13.7
(56.7)
8.8
(47.8)
19.2
(66.5)
Record low °C (°F)−2.2
(28.0)
0.0
(32.0)
2.8
(37.0)
10.0
(50.0)
14.0
(57.2)
18.0
(64.4)
20.0
(68.0)
19.0
(66.2)
16.7
(62.1)
8.3
(46.9)
1.0
(33.8)
−1.1
(30.0)
−2.2
(28.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)21.9
(0.86)
39.5
(1.56)
43.5
(1.71)
25.5
(1.00)
26.7
(1.05)
84.8
(3.34)
195.6
(7.70)
184.1
(7.25)
88.6
(3.49)
13.3
(0.52)
6.9
(0.27)
16.8
(0.66)
747.2
(29.41)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)2.53.53.62.82.95.09.18.74.91.11.91.147.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours 218.8215.0245.8256.1308.3269.0227.5234.9265.6290.0229.6222.92,983.5
Source 1: NOAA (sun, 1961-1990) [7]
Source 2: PMD [8]

Factors

Monsoons and western disturbances are the two main factors that affect the weather in Lahore; otherwise, continental air prevails for rest of the seasons. Following are the main factors that influence the weather of Lahore.[ citation needed ]

Monsoon rainfall

Gulberg covered in hail from a hailstorm on 26 February 2011. McDonalds Gulberg.jpg
Gulberg covered in hail from a hailstorm on 26 February 2011.

The average annual rainfall precipitation in Lahore amounts to around 758.8 millimetres (29.87 in). [9] [10] Monsoon rains commence from the last week of June and persist until the end of September. In 2009, Lahore saw below-normal monsoon rainfalls due to the presence of El-Nino over Pakistan. [11] Following are monsoon rainfall precipitation data for Lahore since 2007, taken from the Pakistan Meteorological Department: [12]

Annual rainfall

Lahore mainly receives its rainfall during the monsoon season from June till September, and in winter season from December till February. The highest-ever annual rainfall in Lahore was recorded in 2011 when 1,576.8 millimetres (62.08 in) of rainfall was recorded. [5] Lahore received below normal rains in 2009, and normal rains in 2007 and 2010. The following is the Annual rainfall in Lahore since 2007 based on data from the Pakistan Meteorological Department. [12]

Extreme weather events

See also

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The climate of Islamabad is a humid subtropical climate with four seasons: a pleasant Spring (March–April), a hot Summer (May–August), a warm dry Autumn (September—October), and a cold Winter (November—February). The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed 37 °C (98.6 °F). The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfall and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst. The coldest month is January, with temperatures variable by location. In Islamabad, temperatures vary from cold to mild, routinely dropping below zero. In the hills there is sparse snowfall. The weather ranges from a minimum of −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) in January to a maximum of 46.1 °C (115.0 °F) in June. The average low is 2 °C (35.6 °F) in January, while the average high is 38.1 °C (100.6 °F) in June. The highest temperature recorded was 46.5 °C (115.7 °F) in June, while the lowest temperature was −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) in January. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record breaking 620 millimetres (24 in) of rainfall in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in Pakistan during the past 100 years.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Climate of Gwadar</span>

The climate of Gwadar is located at 0 metres (0 ft)–300 metres (984 ft) meters above sea level and features a dry and hot arid climate. The oceanic influence keeps the temperature lower than that in the summer and higher in winter. The mean temperature in the hottest month of June remains between 31 °C (88 °F) and 32 °C (90 °F). The mean temperature in the coldest month of January varies from 18 °C (64 °F) to 19 °C (66 °F). The uniformity of temperature is a unique characteristic of the coastal region in Balochistan. Occasionally, winds moving down the Balochistan plateau bring cold spells, otherwise the winter is pleasant. In Gwadar, winter is shorter than summer. Gwadar's weather is identical to that of the Middle East as most rain occurs from December till January. The highest rainfall of 227 millimetres (8.9 in) in 24 hours was recorded on 6 June 2010.

Quetta, Pakistan features a continental semi-arid climate with a large variation between summer and winter temperatures. The highest temperature recorded in Quetta was 42 °C (108 °F) on 10 July 1998. The lowest temperature in Quetta is −18.3 °C (−0.9 °F) which was recorded on 8 January 1970.

Multan is a city located in the southern part of Punjab, province in Pakistan. Multan features a hot semi arid climate with very hot and rainy summers and cold winters. The city witnesses some of the most extreme temperatures in the country. Dust storms are a common occurrence within the city. The closest major city is Bahawalpur. The area around the city is a flat plain and is ideal for agriculture, with many citrus and mango farms. There are many canals that cut across the Multan District, providing water from nearby farms. This makes the land very fertile. However usually land close to the Chenab River are flooded in the monsoon season.

The climate of Hyderabad is semi-arid, featuring too little rain to feature the tropical savanna climate. The days are hot and dry, usually going up to extreme highs of 40 °C (104 °F), while the nights are cool and breezy. Winds usually bring along clouds of dust, and people prefer staying indoors in the daytime, while the breezes at night are pleasant and clean.

Dhaka experiences a hot, wet and humid tropical climate. Under the Köppen climate classification, Dhaka has a tropical wet and dry climate. The city has a distinct monsoonal season, with an annual average temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) and monthly means varying between 18 °C (64 °F) in January and 29 °C (84 °F) in August. Nearly 80% of the annual average rainfall of 1,854 millimetres (73.0 in) occurs during the monsoon season which lasts from May until the end of September. Increasing air and water pollution emanating from traffic congestion and industrial waste are serious problems affecting public health and the quality of life in the city. Water bodies and wetlands around Dhaka are facing destruction as these are being filled up to construct multi-storied buildings and other real estate developments. Coupled with pollution, such erosion of natural habitats threatens to destroy much of the regional biodiversity.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 Sindh floods</span>

The 2011 Sindh floods was the highest-ever recorded rainfall between 11 August 2011, and 14 September 2011 in Sindh Province, Pakistan.

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