Religion in Lahore

Last updated

It is estimated that the city of Lahore, Pakistan, has a Muslim majority with 94.7% and Christian minority constitute 5.1% of the population and rest Sikhs and Hindus constitute the remaining 0.2%. There is also a small but longstanding Zoroastrian community. [1]

Contents

Religion in Lahore City 2017 [2] [3]
ReligionPercent
Islam
 
94.7%
Christianity
 
5.14%
Hinduism
 
0.02%
Sikhism
 
0.02%
Others
 
0.1%

Before Partition

Religion in Lahore District (1941) [4]
ReligionPercent
Islam
 
60.62%
Sikhism
 
18.32%
Hinduism
 
16.79%
Christianity
 
4.14%
Others
 
0.14%

Prior to the partition of India in 1947, a third of Lahore district's population was Hindu and Sikh. Hindus and Sikhs used to reside in 'distinct enclaves'. The city's Hindu and Sikh population left en masse during the partition and shifted to East Punjab and Delhi in India. In the process, Lahore lost its entire Hindu and Sikh population. The emigrants were replaced by Muslim refugees from India. Muslim refugees and locals competed for ownership over abandoned Hindu and Sikh property. [5]

Lahore District

Religious groups in Lahore District (British Punjab province era)
Religious
group		1901 [6] 1911 [7] [8] 1921 [9] 1931 [10] 1941 [4]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Islam Star and Crescent.svg 717,519626,271647,640815,8201,027,772
Hinduism Om.svg [lower-alpha 1] 276,375217,609255,690259,725284,689
Sikhism Khanda.svg 159,701169,008179,975244,304310,646
Christianity Christian cross.svg 7,29621,78146,45457,09770,147
Jainism Jain Prateek Chihna.svg 1,0471,1391,2091,4501,951
Zoroastrianism Faravahar.svg 171209179159136
Buddhism Dharma Wheel (2).svg 01281701432
Judaism Star of David.svg 0131312
Others00600
Total population1,162,1091,036,1581,131,3361,378,5701,695,375
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Lahore District (1921) [9]
Tehsil Islam Star and Crescent.svg Hinduism Om.svg Sikhism Khanda.svg Christianity Christian cross.svg Jainism Jain Prateek Chihna.svg Others [lower-alpha 2] Total
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Lahore Tehsil290,325139,21557,33727,898478360515,613
Chunian Tehsil179,39961,47549,1515,408760295,509
Kasur Tehsil177,91655,00073,48713,1546552320,214
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.
Religion in the Tehsils of Lahore District (1941) [4]
Tehsil Hinduism Om.svg [lower-alpha 1] Islam Star and Crescent.svg Sikhism Khanda.svg Christianity Christian cross.svg Jainism Jain Prateek Chihna.svg Others [lower-alpha 3] Total
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Lahore Tehsil193,714552,907103,31237,4421,0952,458890,024
Chunian Tehsil56,293237,82983,88811,73047165390,852
Kasur Tehsil34,682237,036123,44618,5148098414,499
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.

Lahore City

Religion in Lahore City (1941)
ReligionPercent
Islam
 
64.49%
Hinduism
 
26.71%
Sikhism
 
5.07%
Christianity
 
3.20%
Religious groups in Lahore City (1881−1941)
Religious
group		1881 [11] [12] : 520 1891 [13] : 68 1901 [14] : 44 1911 [15] : 20 1921 [16] : 23 1931 [17] : 26 1941 [18] : 32 
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
Islam Star and Crescent.svg 86,413102,280119,601129,801149,044249,315433,170
Hinduism Om.svg [lower-alpha 1] 53,64162,07770,19677,267107,783139,125179,422
Sikhism Khanda.svg 4,6277,3067,02312,87712,83323,47734,021
Christianity Christian cross.svg 529 [lower-alpha 4] 4,6975,5588,43611,28716,87521,495
Jainism Jain Prateek Chihna.svg 2273394204674747911,094
Zoroastrianism Faravahar.svg ——132166198177150——
Judaism Star of David.svg ——14——13130——
Buddhism Dharma Wheel (2).svg ——0012817014——
Others3,932900002,457
Total population149,369176,854202,964228,687281,781429,747671,659
Note: 1881-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Lahore, which included Lahore Municipality and Lahore Cantonment. [18] : 32 

Religious heritage

According to a Hindu legend, Lahore was once named Lavapura, [19] after Lava, son of Lord Rama, Hindu God from Ramayana as one of etymological theory of Lahore. [20] [21] A vacant temple, the Lava Temple, dedicated to this figure is contained inside the Lahore Fort. [22] [23]

The first Persian text on Sufism was written, by Hazrat Data Ganj Bakhsh Shaykh Abul Hasan 'Ali Hujwiri R.A. in Lahore which became a major source for early Sufi thought and practice. Hazrat e Hujwiri R.A's tomb in Lahore is one of the major Sufi shrines in the subcontinent. [24] Several other leading Sufi saints are buried in Lahore. [25] These Sufi shrines have contributed to making Lahore an important place of pilgrimage. [26] During the Mughal era, several impressive buildings including mosques were constructed, contributing to the city's rich Mughal heritage. [27] [28]

The city is also of significant importance to the Sikhs of Punjab region who call it Lahore-Sharif. [29] [30] Some of Sikhism's holiest sites are situated inside Lahore. [31]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
  2. ↑ Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
  3. ↑ Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
  4. ↑ Only includes protestant population. [11] : 152 

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References

  1. ↑ "Largest Christian Community of Pakistan resides in Lahore District". christiansinpakistan.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ↑ http://pakgeotagging.blogspot.in/2014/10/partition-of-punjab-in-2017.html [ user-generated source ]
  3. ↑ "Final Results (Census-2017)". Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". 1941. p. 42. JSTOR   saoa.crl.28215541 . Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  5. ↑ Gandhi, Usha (2007-06-01). "Review of Talbot, Ian, Divided Cities: Partition and Its Aftermath in Lahore and Amritsar, 1947-1957". www.h-net.org. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  6. ↑ "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. p. 34. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25363739 . Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  7. ↑ "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. p. 27. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25393788 . Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  8. ↑ Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". p. 27. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  9. 1 2 "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. p. 29. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25430165 . Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  10. ↑ "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. p. 277. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25793242 . Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  11. 1 2 "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I." 1881. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25057656 . Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  12. ↑ "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II". 1881. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25057657 . Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  13. ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1891 GENERAL TABLES BRITISH PROVINCES AND FEUDATORY STATES VOL I". Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  14. ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1901 VOLUME I-A INDIA PART II-TABLES". Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  15. ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1911 VOLUME XIV PUNJAB PART II TABLES". Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  16. ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1921 VOLUME XV PUNJAB AND DELHI PART II TABLES". Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  17. ↑ "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES". Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  18. 1 2 "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB". Archived from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  19. ↑ Bombay Historical Society (1946). Annual bibliography of Indian history and Indology, Volume 4. p. 257. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
  20. ↑ Baqir, Muhammad (1985). Lahore, past and present. B.R. Pub. Corp. p. 22. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
  21. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2017-05-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. ↑ Ahmed, Shoaib (16 April 2004). "Hindu, Sikh temples in state of disrepair". Daily Times. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  23. ↑ Naqoosh, Lahore Number 1976
  24. ↑ Metcalf, Barbara (2009). Islam in South Asia in Practice. Princeton University Press. p. 5. ISBN   978-1400831388.
  25. ↑ Malik, Iftikhar (2006). Culture and Customs of Pakistan. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 154. ISBN   9780313331268.
  26. ↑ Gharipour, Mohammad; Ozlu, Nilay (5 March 2015). The City in the Muslim World: Depictions by Western Travel Writers. Routledge. p. 92. ISBN   9781317548225.
  27. ↑ Malik, Iftikhar Haider (2008). The History of Pakistan. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 79. ISBN   978-0-313-34137-3.
  28. ↑ Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part – II. Har-Anand Publications. p. 365. ISBN   978-81-241-1066-9.
  29. ↑ The foreign policy of Pakistan: ethnic impacts on diplomacy, 1971-1994 ISBN   1-86064-169-5 - Mehtab Ali Shah "Such is the political, psychological and religious attachment of the Sikhs to that city that a Khalistan without Lahore would be like a Germany without Berlin."
  30. ↑ Amritsar to Lahore: a journey across the India-Pakistan border - Stephen Alter ISBN   0-8122-1743-8 "Ever since the separatist movement gathered force in the 1980s, Pakistan has sided with the Sikhs, even though the territorial ambitions of Khalistan include Lahore and sections of the Punjab on both sides of the border."
  31. ↑ "Sikh pilgrims from India arrive in Lahore". Dawn. Pakistan. 21 November 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
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