Rosales is an order of flowering plants. It is sister to a clade consisting of Fagales and Cucurbitales. It contains about 7,700 species, distributed into about 260 genera. Rosales comprise nine families, the type family being the rose family, Rosaceae. The largest of these families are Rosaceae (90/2500) and Urticaceae (54/2600). The order Rosales is divided into three clades that have never been assigned a taxonomic rank. The basal clade consists of the family Rosaceae; another clade consists of four families, including Rhamnaceae; and the third clade consists of the four urticalean families.
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 13,500 species in about 620 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important species include Coffea, the source of coffee, Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine, some dye plants, and ornamental cultivars.
Gentianales is an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid clade of eudicots. It comprises more than 20,000 species in about 1,200 genera in 5 families. More than 80% of the species in this order belong to the family Rubiaceae.
Oldenlandia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution and has about 240 species. The type species for the genus is Oldenlandia corymbosa.
Alberta is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. Most species have been transferred to the genus Razafimandimbisonia, except for the type species Alberta magna. It is native to KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and is commonly known as Natal flame bush.
Rondeletia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to the Neotropics. There are around 160 species.
Kadua is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises 29 species, all restricted to Polynesia. Twenty-two of these are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Some of the species are common at high elevation. Others are single-island endemics or very rare, and a few are probably extinct. Kadua affinis is widely distributed in Hawaii and is polymorphic. The type species for the genus is Kadua acuminata.
Naucleeae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 183 species in 24 genera. Species belonging to Naucleeae occur from Australasia, tropical Asia, Madagascar, tropical Africa, and to the Neotropics and North America.
The Cinchoneae are a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing about 125 species in 9 genera. Representatives are found from Costa Rica to southern tropical America. Species within Cinchoneae are characterized as small trees or shrubs with imbricate or valvate corolla aestivation and often dry capsular fruits. Many species contain alkaloids.
Hymenodictyeae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 25 species in two genera. The representatives of the genus Hymenodictyon are found in tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, to tropical Asia and China (Yunnan). The two species of Paracorynanthe are restricted to Madagascar.
Hillieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 29 species in 3 genera. Its representatives are found in tropical America. The tribe is sometimes included in its sister tribe Hamelieae.
Isertieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 16 species in 2 genera. Its representatives are found in tropical America.
Alberteae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 18 species in 3 genera. Its representatives are found in tropical and southern Africa and in Madagascar.
Argostemmateae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 215 species in 4 genera. Its representatives are found in tropical Africa, and tropical and subtropical Asia.
Coptosapelteae is a tribe incertae sedis of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 55 species in 2 genera. Its representatives are found in tropical and subtropical Asia. This tribe has not been placed within as subfamily of Rubiaceae, but is sister to the rest of the family.
Danaideae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 50 species in 2 genera. Its representatives are found in Tanzania and several islands in the western Indian Ocean: Comoros, Mauritius, Madagascar and Réunion.
Ixoroideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 4000 species in 27 tribes.
Aleisanthieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains 10 species in 3 genera. Its representatives are found in Borneo, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
Augusteae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains 89 species in 3 genera. Augusta is found from Mexico to Brazil and in the southwestern Pacific region, Wendlandia is found in northeastern tropical Africa, tropical and subtropical Asia and Queensland, and Guihaiothamnus is found in South China.
Sherbournieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains 54 species in 4 genera. Its representatives are found in tropical and southern Africa.
