Conocybe rugosa

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Conocybe rugosa
Pholiotina rugosa 62373.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Bolbitiaceae
Genus: Conocybe
Species:
C. rugosa
Binomial name
Conocybe rugosa
(Peck) Watling (1981)
Synonyms [1]
  • Pholiota rugosaPeck (1898)
  • Pholiotina rugosa(Peck) Singer (1946)
  • Pholiotina filaris var. rugosa(Peck) Singer (1950)
Conocybe rugosa
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Conical cap icon.svgFlat cap icon.svg Cap is conical or flat
Adnexed gills icon2.svg Hymenium is adnexed
Ring stipe icon.svg Stipe has a ring
Transparent spore print icon.svg
Transparent spore print icon.svg
Spore print is brown to reddish-brown
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Deadly.pngEdibility is deadly

Conocybe rugosa is a common species of mushroom that is widely distributed and especially common in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It grows in woodchips, flowerbeds and compost. [2] [3] It has been found in Europe, Asia and North America. [2] [3] It contains the same mycotoxins as the death cap mushroom. Conocybe rugosa was originally described in the genus Pholiotina , and its morphology and a 2013 molecular phylogenetics study supported its continued classification there. [4]

Contents

Description

Conocybe rugosa has a conical cap that expands to flat, usually with an umbo. It is less than 3 cm across, has a smooth brown top, and the margin is often striate. The gills are rusty brown, close, and adnexed. The stalk is 2 mm thick and 1 to 6 cm long, smooth, and brown, with a prominent and movable ring. The spores are rusty brown, and it may be difficult to identify the species without a microscope. [5]

Toxicity

This species is deadly poisonous. [6] They produce alpha-amanitin, a cyclic peptide that is highly toxic to the liver and is responsible for many deaths by poisoning from mushrooms in the genera Amanita and Lepiota . They are sometimes mistaken for species of the genus Psilocybe due to their similar looking cap.

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Psilocybe pelliculosa</i> Species of fungus

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Conocybe moseri is a mushroom species in the family Bolbitiaceae. It was described as new to science in 1980 by mycologist Roy Watling, from collections made in France. The specific epithet moseri honours Austrian mycologist Meinhard Moser. The fungus has been reported from the United Kingdom, growing in grassy areas, fields, and edges of woods. In 1995, it was recorded from Switzerland, from Ukraine in 2007, and from Russia in 2007. It was reported from India in 2015, where it was found growing on cattle dung.

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References

  1. "GSD Species Synonymy Conocybe rugosa (Peck) Watling (1981)". Species Fungorum. Kew Mycology (2015). Retrieved 2024-02-28.
  2. 1 2 Hausknecht A, Krisai-Greilhuber I, Voglmayr H (2004). "Type studies in North American species of Bolbitiaceae belonging to the genera Conocybe and Pholiotina". Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde. 13: 153–235.
  3. 1 2 Hausknecht, Anton; Kalamees, Kuulo; Knudsen, Henning; Mukhin, Viktor (2009). "The genera Conocybe and Pholiotina (Agaricomycotina, Bolbitiaceae) in temperate Asia" (PDF). Folia Cryptogamica Estonica. 1345: 23–47.
  4. Tóth, Annamária; Hausknecht, Anton; Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard; Papp, Tamás; Vágvölgyi, Csaba Vágvölgyi; Nagy, László G. (2013). "Iteratively Refined Guide Trees Help Improving Alignment and Phylogenetic Inference in the Mushroom Family Bolbitiaceae". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e56143. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...856143T. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056143 . PMC   3572013 . PMID   23418526.
  5. Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 179–180. ISBN   978-0-88192-935-5.
  6. Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 214. ISBN   978-1-55407-651-2.