| Corythucha gossypii | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Tingidae |
| Genus: | Corythucha |
| Species: | C. gossypii |
| Binomial name | |
| Corythucha gossypii (Fabricius, 1794) | |
Corythucha gossypii, the cotton lace bug or bean lace bug, is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae that is associated with cotton and a number of other host plants.
The adult Corythucha gossypi is white and lacks the brown at the base of the elytra (wing-cases) had by some other species. The crest on the hood measures less than one and a half times as high as the median carina (ridge on the body-wall), which distinguishes this species from C. morrilli , C. marmorata and C. cydoniae . [1]
Corythucha gossypii is a common pest of cotton, but has also been reported from the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis) and another twenty three species of plant hosts. [2]
Corythucha gossypii is found on the underside of the leaves of the host. The more adults and nymphs that are present, the more badly affected the leaf is, and the earlier it is shed. [2] The upper surface of the leaf is pale and looks bleached, while the underside, where the insects are feeding, is dotted with mounds of brown faecal matter. This insect is not normally a serious pest, though it may be worse under dry conditions. Various natural enemies keep it under control; these include parasitoid wasps, assassin bugs, the larvae of lacewings, ladybirds and pirate bugs. [3]
Whiteflies are Hemipterans that typically feed on the undersides of plant leaves. They comprise the family Aleyrodidae, the only family in the superfamily Aleyrodoidea. More than 1550 species have been described.
The silverleaf whitefly is one of several species of whitefly that are currently important agricultural pests. A review in 2011 concluded that the silverleaf whitefly is actually a species complex containing at least 40 morphologically indistinguishable species.
A trap crop is a plant that attracts agricultural pests, usually insects, away from nearby crops. This form of companion planting can save the main crop from decimation by pests without the use of pesticides.[1] A trap crop is used for attracting the insect and pests away from the field.[1] Many trap crops have successfully diverted pests from focal crops in small scale greenhouse, garden and field experiments; a small portion of these plants have been shown to reduce pest damage at larger commercial scales. A common explanation for reported trap cropping failures, is that attractive trap plants only protect nearby plants if the insects do not move back into the main crop. In a review of 100 trap cropping examples in 2006, only 10 trap crops were classified as successful at a commercial scale, and in all successful cases, trap cropping was supplemented with management practices that specifically limited insect dispersal from the trap crop back into the main crop.
Spodoptera littoralis, also referred to as the African cotton leafworm or Egyptian cotton leafworm or Mediterranean brocade, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae. S. littoralis is found widely in Africa, Mediterranean Europe and Middle Eastern countries. It is a highly polyphagous organism that is a pest of many cultivated plants and crops. As a result, this species was assigned the label of A2 quarantine pest by the EPPO and was cautioned as a highly invasive species in the United States. The devastating impacts caused by these pests have led to the development of both biological and chemical control methods. This moth is often confused with Spodoptera litura.
Adelphocoris lineolatus, is commonly known as the Lucerne bug or the alfalfa plant bug, and belongs to the family Miridae. It is an agricultural pest causing vast amounts of damage to numerous crops, but primarily to alfalfa crops around the globe.
The Tingidae are a family of very small insects in the order Hemiptera that are commonly referred to as lace bugs. This group is distributed worldwide with about 2,000 described species.
Corythucha is a large genus of lace bug in the family Tingidae that is primarily distributed in the New World, especially North America. The genus includes pest species such as the “cotton or bean lace bug" as well as species that provide maternal care, such as C. hewitti (Drake)
Corythucha ciliata, the sycamore lace bug, is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae that is associated with sycamore trees.
Corythucha aesculi is a species of lace bug Tingidae native to North America. C. aesculi's host plant is the yellow buckeye, Marsh and the insect can attain very high densities. C. aesculi is preyed upon by a wide variety of other insects, of which ladybugs seem to be the most important.
Gargaphia solani is a subsocial species of lace bug commonly known as the eggplant lace bug. The species was described by Heidemann in 1914 after it aroused attention a year earlier in the United States as an eggplant pest around Norfolk, Virginia. Fink found that the species became an agricultural pest when eggplant is planted on a large scale.
Aphis gossypii is a tiny insect, an aphid ("greenfly") in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants. It is a widely distributed pest of a variety of agricultural crops in the families Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae and Malvaceae. Common names include cotton aphid, melon aphid and melon and cotton aphid.
The black bean aphid is a small black insect in the genus Aphis, with a broad, soft body, a member of the order Hemiptera. Other common names include blackfly, bean aphid, and beet leaf aphid. In the warmer months of the year, it is found in large numbers on the undersides of leaves and on the growing tips of host plants, including various agricultural crops and many wild and ornamental plants. Both winged and wingless forms exist, and at this time of year, they are all females. They suck sap from stems and leaves and cause distortion of the shoots, stunted plants, reduced yield, and spoiled crops. This aphid also acts as a vector for viruses that cause plant disease, and the honeydew it secretes may encourage the growth of sooty mould. It breeds profusely by live birth, but its numbers are kept in check, especially in the later part of the summer, by various predatory and parasitic insects. Ants feed on the honeydew it produces, and take active steps to remove predators. It is a widely distributed pest of agricultural crops and can be controlled by chemical or biological means. In the autumn, winged forms move to different host plants, where both males and females are produced. These mate and the females lay eggs which overwinter.
Aleurocanthus woglumi is a species of whitefly in the family Aleyrodidae. It is a pest of citrus crops, and is commonly known as the citrus blackfly because of its slate-blue colour. It originated in Asia, but has spread to other parts of the world. The parasitic wasps, Encarsia perplexa and Amitus hesperidum can help control the pest.
Liriomyza sativae, commonly known as the vegetable leaf miner, is a species of insect, a fly in the family Agromyzidae. The larvae of this fly mine the leaves of a range of vegetables and weeds, but seem to favour plants in the families Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae.
Corythucha floridana, the Florida oak lace bug, is a species in the family Tingidae, the lace bugs, that is associated with oak trees.
Leptoypha minor also known as the Arizona ash lace bug is a species of lace bugs in the family Tingidae. It is found in North America and is very common in California. It is considered a pest that causes twig and foliage damage to Oregon ash trees in addition to other types of ashes. Adult lace bugs can be found hibernating on ash trees during the winter, and during the spring, nymphs begin to emerge. Breeding continues throughout spring until October. L. minor differs from other common lace bugs in that they are generally a light-reddish brown and can grow up to 2 mm. They are compact in body form but lack the lacy lateral lobes of other lace bug species.
Corythucha marmorata, the chrysanthemum lace bug, is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
Leptoglossus gonagra, known as the passionvine bug, citron bug or squash bug in different parts of its range, is a species of leaf-footed bug in the family Coreidae. It is found in Africa, the Caribbean, Central America, North America, South America, Southern Asia, the Pacific Ocean and Oceania.
Rhynocoris longifrons is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is a predator of other insects and is found in Asia. Crops on which it is found feeding on pests include pigeon pea, cardamom and peanuts. The insects are potentially useful in biological control because they are more resistant to pesticides than are the pests they consume.
Amrasca biguttula, commonly known as the cotton jassid, is a subspecies of leafhopper belonging to the subfamily Typhlocybinae of family Cicadellidae. It is a pest of cotton, okra, and other crops in southern Asia and West Africa.