| Cream-winged cinclodes | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Furnariidae |
| Genus: | Cinclodes |
| Species: | C. albiventris |
| Binomial name | |
| Cinclodes albiventris | |
 | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The cream-winged cinclodes (Cinclodes albiventris) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. [2]
The cream-winged cinclodes was previously considered conspecific with what was then called the bar-winged cinclodes (C. fuscus sensu lato ). In a three-way split of the bar-winged that began in about 2009, the cream-winged cinclodes was recognized as a full species. C. fuscus was renamed to the present buff-winged cinclodes to avoid confusion with the previous much more complex species. [3] [4] [5]
The cream-winged cinclodes has these five subspecies: [2]
The cream-winged cinclodes is 15 to 19 cm (5.9 to 7.5 in) long and weighs about 20 to 34 g (0.71 to 1.2 oz). It is a small cinclodes with a shortish bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies C. a. albiventris have a distinct light buffish white supercilium, dark gray-brown ear coverts with pale streaks, and a white malar area. Their crown and upperparts are rusty-gray. Their wing coverts are dark brown with wide buffish edges and their flight feathers dark fuscous with a cream band across them. Their tail's central feathers are dark brown and the rest blackish brown; the outer three pairs have progressively more milky-buff tips. Their entire underparts are whitish. Their iris is brown or dark brown, their bill dark brown to blackish whose mandible often has a paler base, and their legs and feet blackish to dark brownish. [6] [7]
Subspecies C. a. yzurietae has darker brown crown and upperparts and a much whiter breast than the nominate. C. a. rufus has more rufescent upperparts, richer brown wings and tail, a more ochraceous belly, and more rufescent flanks than the nominate. C. a. riojanus has darker chocolate-brown upperparts and a browner breast than all the other subspecies. C. a. tucumanus has a deep buff wingband and a more reddish back and paler underparts than riojanus. [6] [7]
The nominate subspecies of the cream-winged cinclodes is by far the most widespread. It is found in the Andes from northern Peru south through western Bolivia and northern Chile into northwestern Argentina as far as La Rioja Province. C. a. tucumanus is found in Argentina's Tucumán Province. C. a. riojanus is found in the Sierra de Famatina in La Rioja. C. a. rufus is found in northwestern Argentina, in the Campo de Arenal area of Catamarca Province. C. a. yzurietae is also found in Catamarca, in the Sierra del Manchao. [6]
The cream-winged cinclodes inhabits a variety of open habitats, most of them grassy such as páramo and puna grassland, nearby agricultural fields, and also arid montane scrublands. It usually is found near water, especially bogs and streams, and is commonly seen around human habitations. In elevation it occurs between 2,500 and 5,000 m (8,200 and 16,400 ft) in Chile, mostly between 2,750 and 4,800 m (9,000 and 15,700 ft) in Peru, and usually above 2,100 m (6,900 ft) in Argentina. [6] [7]
The cream-winged cinclodes is mostly a year-round resident throughout its range, though some individuals move to lower elevations in winter, during periods of bad weather, or when favored feeding areas dry up. [6]
The cream-winged cinclodes feeds on a variety of invertebrates including many insects and also seeds. It forages singly and in pairs while hopping and running on the ground. It probes and gleans from wet and dry ground, rocks, grass, dung, and shallow water. [6]
The cream-winged cinclodes breeds in the austral spring and summer. It is monogamous. Males sing and make a wing-flapping display from a perch. The species nests in a burrow at the end of a tunnel it excavates in an earth bank; it probably also nests in holes in a human structure's wall. It floors the nest chamber with grass and hair. The clutch size is two eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known. It is suspected to occasionally fledge two broods in a season. [6]
The cream-winged cinclodes' song has been rendered as "cheet, cheet, cheet, prre EEEEOOOO, OOOOEEEEEE’cheet’ cheet’cheet...", though in Chile it has been described as "a rising twittery trill, 'trrrreee’i’i’i’i’i' ". [6] Its calls are thought to be similar to those of the buff-winged cinclodes, which are "a sharp 'pfip'...[a] series of high-pitched tinkling notes [and in flight] a sharp whistled 'tsip' ". [6] [8]
The IUCN has assessed the cream-winged cinclodes as being of Least Concern. It has a large range. Its population size is not known but is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered widespread and common in most of its range, and in some areas is the most common cinclodes. In much of its range "its habitats are subject to, at most, only minimal anthropogenic disturbance; probably benefits from effects of grazing". [6]
The blackish cinclodes is a Near Threatened passerine bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Chile, and on the Falkland Islands, where it is known as the tussac-bird or tussock-bird.
Cinclodes is a genus of passerine birds belonging to the ovenbird family Furnariidae. There are about a dozen species distributed across the southern and Andean regions of South America. They are terrestrial birds of open habitats, typically found near water such as mountain streams or the seashore where they forage for small invertebrates. They are stocky birds with strong legs and feet and pointed, slightly downcurved bills. The plumage is inconspicuous and mainly brown, often with a pale wingbar, stripe over the eye and corners to the tail. They have loud, trilling songs and often raise their wings while singing.
The common miner is a passerine bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay.
The cordilleran canastero is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
The olive-backed foliage-gleaner is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The pale-browed treehunter is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The white-winged cinclodes is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
The Cordoba cinclodes or Comechingones cinclodes is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Argentina.
The stout-billed cinclodes is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The buff-winged cinclodes is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay and as a vagrant on the Falkland Islands.
Olrog's cinclodes is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Argentina.
The grey-flanked cinclodes, formerly known as Oustalet's cinclodes, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina and Chile.
The long-tailed cinclodes is a Near Threatened species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The dark-bellied cinclodes is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina and Chile.
The Peruvian seaside cinclodes or surf cinclodes is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The rusty-winged barbtail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The flammulated treehunter is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The buff-breasted earthcreeper is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
The white-barred piculet is a species of bird in the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The rusty-necked piculet is a species of bird in subfamily Picumninae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found along the Brazilian-Bolivian border.
