| Crinozoa Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
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| Crinoid on the reef of Batu Moncho Island, Indonesia | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Subphylum: | Crinozoa Matsumoto 1929 |
| Classes | |
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Crinozoa is a subphylum of mostly sessile echinoderms, of which the crinoids, or sea lilies and feather stars, are the only extant members. [1] [2] Crinozoans have an extremely extensive fossil history.[ citation needed ]
As published in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology , Crinozoa included all stemmed groups except for the few stemmed basal solutes. [3] When Blastozoa was erected to contain stalked forms with brachioles rather than arms, only Crinoidea and Paracrinoidea remained within Crinozoa. [4] [5] Recent cladistic work has placed Paracrinoidea under Blastozoa, [6] although some sources continue to include Paracrinoidea. [2]
One proposal for the cladistic placement of the Homalozoan classes groups Stylophora together with crinoids to form Crinozoa. [7] A 2024 survey of recent research finds more support for Homalozoa as a paraphyletic assemblage along the echinoderm stem group, but noted that the position of Stylophora in particular was uncertain. [8]
If neither Paracrinoidea nor Stylophora can be included, Crinozoa would be equivalent to the Crinoidea total group.
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