| Ctenopelmatinae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Hadrodactylus.villosulus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Ichneumonidae |
| Subfamily: | Ctenopelmatinae Förster , 1869 |
| Tribes | |
Ctenopelmatinae is a cosmopolitan subfamily of ichneumonid parasitoid wasps.
Ctenopelmatines are small to medium sized ichneumonids. They have a small tooth at the apex of the front tibia and usually do not have a fringe of setae along the clypeus. Ctenopelmatinae was included in the subfamily Tryphoninae in the past. Evidence from larval morphology and ecological traits separate these two groups, but adult specimens can be difficult to differentiate. [1]
Most species are found in temperate climates in the Holarctic region. In the cooler parts of their range, ctenopelmatines can account for over 10% of all ichneumonids. [1]
Ctenopelmatinae are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Symphyta and, more rarely, Lepidoptera. The host is not killed until after it has spun a cocoon to pupate. There are 95 genera. [2]
The superfamily Ichneumonoidea contains one extinct and three extant families, including the two largest families within Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae and Braconidae. The group is thought to contain as many as 100,000 species, many of which have not yet been described. Like other parasitoid wasps, they were long placed in the "Parasitica", variously considered as an infraorder or an unranked clade, now known to be paraphyletic.
The Ichneumonidae, also known as the ichneumon wasps, Darwin wasps, or ichneumonids, are a family of parasitoid wasps of the insect order Hymenoptera. They are one of the most diverse groups within the Hymenoptera with roughly 25,000 species currently described. However, this likely represents less than a quarter of their true richness as reliable estimates are lacking, along with much of the most basic knowledge about their ecology, distribution, and evolution. Ichneumonid wasps, with very few exceptions, attack the immature stages of holometabolous insects and spiders, eventually killing their hosts. They thus fulfill an important role as regulators of insect populations, both in natural and semi-natural systems, making them promising agents for biological control.
Cryptinae is a subfamily of wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The family has also been called Gelinae, Hemitelinae, and Phygadeuontinae by various authorities, though the Phygadeuontinae have since been elevated to a separate subfamily.
Neopimpla is a genus of ichneumonid wasp. A junior synonym, Microceratops, was intermittently applied to a genus of ceratopsian dinosaur currently renamed as Microceratus.
Banchinae is a subfamily of ichneumonid parasitoid wasps containing about 1,500 species; the genera Glypta and Lissonota are very large. The three tribes are all distributed worldwide.
Ophioninae is a worldwide subfamily of Ichneumonidae with 32 genera, and very rich in tropical regions. They are koinobiont endoparasitoids of larval Lepidoptera, though at least one species parasitizes Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera). They are among the only Parasitica whose ovipositors can be used to sting vertebrates. The pupae are ovoid with a central clear band characteristic for this subfamily. Ophionines are typically fairly large, orange, slender insects with compressed, curved abdomens. They have very large ocelli and are active at night, and may be commonly encountered at lights.
Lycorininae is a monotypic subfamily of ichneumon wasps. The mere thirty species or so comprise the single genus Lycorina. In older sources, they may be included in the Banchinae.
Xoridinae are a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.
Pimplinae are a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.
The Metopiinae are a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae. Metopiinae are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera. There are 26 extant genera. A bulging shield-like face is diagnostic for members of this subfamily, but many members lack this character.
Acaenitinae is a subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae. It is distributed on all continents except Antarctica, although only one specimen has ever been discovered in South America. Little is known of the Acaenitinae. The only reared species was a koinobiont endoparasitoid of a weevil. There are 24 genera. Hosts are believed to be Coleoptera larvae in wood. Female Acaenitinae have a large triangular projecting genital plate.
Anomaloninae is a subfamily of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. Several species provide beneficial services to humans by attacking forest or orchard pests.
Campopleginae is a large subfamily of the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae with a world-wide distribution. Species in this subfamily have been used in the biological control of the alfalfa weevil, clover weevil, various species of Heliothis, oriental army worm, European corn borer, larch sawfly, and others.
Mesochorinae is a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.
Tersilochinae is a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.
The Labeninae is a subfamily within the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae . There are 12 extant genera, grouped within four tribes, that exhibit a predominantly Gondwanan distribution - most genera and species are found in Australia and South America. A few species of Labena and Grotea are found in North America, with hypotheses suggesting that the group radiated on Gondwanaland prior to the separation of Australia but after the separation of Africa/India/Madagascar.
Phrudinae is a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae
Labenopimplinae are an extinct subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae. Labenopimplinae are known from the Cenomanian of the Russian Far East and Turonian of Orapa, Botswana. The subfamily includes five genera with 13 species. The subfamily is highly polymorphic and combines features of the Labeninae and Pimplinae.
Rhyssa persuasoria, also known as the sabre wasp, is a species belonging to the family Ichneumonidae subfamily Rhyssinae. Members of this subfamily, including those of Rhyssa and the allied Megarhyssa, are also known collectively as giant ichneumonid wasps or giant ichneumons.
Aptesini is a tribe of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are 24 described genera.
Data related to Ctenopelmatinae at Wikispecies