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Wuchereria bancrofti is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis. It is one of the three parasitic worms, together with Brugia malayi and B. timori, that infect the lymphatic system to cause lymphatic filariasis. These filarial worms are spread by a variety of mosquito vector species. W. bancrofti is the most prevalent of the three and affects over 120 million people, primarily in Central Africa and the Nile delta, South and Central America, the tropical regions of Asia including southern China, and the Pacific islands. If left untreated, the infection can develop into a chronic disease called lymphatic filariasis. In rare conditions, it also causes tropical eosinophilia, an asthmatic disease. No vaccine is commercially available, but high rates of cure have been achieved with various antifilarial regimens and lymphatic filariasis is the target of the WHO Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis with the aim to eradicate the disease as a public-health problem by 2020.
Anopheles (Celia) subpictus is a species complex of four species of mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles.
Anopheles (Celia) tessellatus is a species complex of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles. It is found in India, and Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. It is first described from Sri Lanka. Larva are known to found from dirty stagnant water in sun or shady habitats. Adults are zoophilic. It is not regarded as a malaria vector, but is a secondary vector of Wuchereria bancrofti in Maldives.
Aedes (Finlaya) albolateralis is a species of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Aedes. It is a member in Aedes niveus subgroup. It is found in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Andaman Islands, China, India, Borneo and Singapore. It is highly susceptible to nocturnally subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti and dengue type 2 virus. Virus could replicate in salivary gland, cervical cell of brain and fat body cells but not in gut and ovary.
Aedes (Finlaya) pseudomediofasciatus is a species complex of mosquito belonging to the genus Aedes. It is found in Sri Lanka, and India. They are known to live around betel plantations. It is a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti.
Mansonia (Mansonioides) annulifera is a species of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Mansonia.
Mansonia (Mansonioides) uniformis is a species of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Mansonia.
Culex (Culiciomyia) bailyi is a species of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines and New Guinea.
Culex (Oculeomyia) bitaeniorhynchus is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is a cosmopolitan species which can be found in all continents, except America and Antarctica.
Culex (Eumelanomyia) brevipalpis is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Cambodia, Indochina, China, Taiwan, Ryukyu-Retto, New Guinea, Maluku, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Japan, Vietnam and Bismarcks.
Culex (Culex) fuscocephala is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in Indonesia, and Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Guam, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor, and Vietnam. It is a vector of Japanese encephalitis virus.
Culex (Culex) gelidus is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea (Island); Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. In 1976, it was identified as a major vector of Japanese encephalitis virus, in India. From an experiment, it was evident that aqueous solution of Calotropis gigantea leaves possess larvicidal activity, mosquito repellent activity and ovicidal activity against Culex gelidus.
Culex (Oculeomyia) infula is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. Adults mainly feeds on cattle but infrequently shows a low proportion of human and bird blood meals. Larvae can be found in water courses with high content of algal populations. In 1998, the species was identified as a vector of Japanese encephalitis virus.
Culex (Culex) mimulus is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea (Island); Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Taiwan and Vietnam. Larvae can be found from agro wells and adults are malaria vectors.
Culex (Culex) pseudovishnui is a species complex of mosquito belonging to the Culex vishnui group of the genus Culex. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Nepal, New Guinea (Island); Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Taiwan and Vietnam. It is a major vector of West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus Larvae can be found from the edges of rice fields. Adults can bite vertebrates from both indoor and outdoor places with a peak biting time on 7pm onwards.
Culex (Culiciomyia) spathifurca is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Borneo, Java, Philippines, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Irian Jaya, Maluku, and Thailand. This mosquito shows unique male terminalia with bifurcate gonostylus, which can used to differentiate it from other species. Larva and pupa can be found in tree holes associated with mangrove ecosystems. It is a potential vector of Wuchereria bancrofti, but human bitings are very rare.
Culex (Lophoceraomyia) uniformis is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in India, Malaysia, Hainan Island, New Guinea, Philippines and Sri Lanka.
Culex (Lophoceraomyia) wardi is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
Culex (Culex) whitmorei is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, New Guinea (Island); Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Sri Lanka, Sudan and South Sudan, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.
References
- ↑ "An annotated checklist of mosquitoes of Sri Lanka" (PDF). Man and Biosphere Reserve of Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "Species Details : Culex sinensis Theobald, 1903". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ↑ "sinensis Theobald". Systematic Catalog of Culicidae. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
- ↑ Ghosh, SM; Hati, AK. "CULEX SINENSIS THEO. A POSSIBLE VECTOR OF WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI IN CALCUTTA". Bull Calcutta Sch Trop Med. 11: 146–7. PMID 14120856.