Culture of Jharkhand

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The state of Jharkhand in India is located in the eastern part of the country and is known for its vivid culture, distinct paintings, traditions and festivals. [1]

Contents

Languages

Hindi is the official language of Jharkhand. There are many regional and tribal languages in Jharkhand. [1]

The regional languages that belong to the Indo-Aryan branch; in Jharkhand, they are Khortha, Nagpuri, and Kudmali spoken by the Sadan, the Indo-Aryan ethnic groups of Chotanagpur. [2] Other Indo-Aryan languages include Bhojpuri, Magahi, Angika, Bengali, and Odia. [3] The languages that belong to the Austroasiatic branch are Mundari, Santali, Bhumij and Ho. The languages that belong to the Dravidian language family are Kurukh and Malto. [1]

Cuisine

The staple foods in Jharkhand are rice, dal, vegetables, and tubers. Some dishes include Chilka Roti, Malpua, Dhooska, Arsa roti, and Pitha. Rugra (a type of mushroom) and bamboo shoots are also used as vegetables. [4] [5] The leaves of the Munga tree (Moringa oleifera) and the Koinar tree (Bauhinia variegata) are used as leafy vegetables or Saag. [6]

Local alcoholic drinks are Handia made from rice and Mahua ,daru made from flowers of the Mahua tree. [7] [8] [9]

Festivals

Chhath Puja

Chhath Puja is celebrated on the sixth day of the lunar month of Kartika (October–November). It's a major festival in Jharkhand. [10] The rituals are observed over four days. They include holy bathing, fasting and abstaining from drinking water (vrata), standing in water, and offering prasad (prayer offerings) and arghya to the setting and rising sun. Some devotees also perform a prostration march as they head for the river banks. Chhath puja is dedicated to the sun god "Surya" and his sister "Chhathi Maiya".

Karam

Karam is a major native harvest festival of Jharkhand. It is celebrated on the 11th day of a full moon of the month of Bhado by the tribal (Munda, Bhumij, and Oraon) and the Sadan (Khortha, Nagpuri, Kurmali-speaking group) people of Jharkhand. [11] During this festival, people bring branches of the Karam tree to the village and then place them on the ground. The branches are washed with milk and handia, and decorated with garlands, curd, rice, flowers and grains. The village priest "Pahan" offer sacrifice of Karam devta for good harvest.

Karam puja in Jharkhand Karam puja in jharkhand.jpg
Karam puja in Jharkhand

Jitia

During the festival of Jitia, mothers fast for the well being of their children. It is celebrated from the seventh to the ninth lunar day of Krishna-Paksha, in the month of Ashwin.

Nawakhani

Nawakhani is an important festival that occurs in Jharkhand. During this festival, grains are eaten following the harvest.

Sohrai/Bandna

Chawk Pura During Bandna Festival in a Courtyard Chawk Pura During Bandna Festival in a Courtyard.jpg
Chawk Pura During Bandna Festival in a Courtyard

Sohrai is a cattle festival of Jharkhand's. It is celebrated during the Amavasya of the month of Kartik. It coincides with the Diwali festival. People fast throughout the day, and bathe their cattle. In the evening, sacrifices are offered to the cattle deity. [12]

Holi

Phaguwa, or Holi, is the spring festival which falls in the month of Phalgun. In spring, people collect sal flower blossoms and place them on their roofs. There are special songs and dances for this festival.

Other festivals

Other festivals include Tusu, Dussehra, Sarhul, Baha, Ashadhi, Jantal and Sendra festivals. [13]

Folk dances

Documentary video of some folk dance of Jharkhand

There are several folk dances in Jharkhand, including Jhumair, Domkach, Lahasua, Vinsariya, Jhumta, Fagua, Firkal, Painki, and Chhau. [14]

Musical instruments used include Mandar, Dholki, Bansi, Nagara, Dhak, Shehnai, Khartal, and Narsinga, among others. [15]

Paintings

Sohrai wall painting jharkhand Sohrai wall painting jharkhand India.jpg
Sohrai wall painting jharkhand

Sohrai painting is performed during the Sohrai festival. Various designs are painted in courtyards and on walls. [16]

Tattoo

The local tattoo tradition of Godna is an essential part of local tradition. [17]

Cinema

Jharkhand produces many films in regional languages, including Nagpuri, Khortha, Santali, Ho, and Kurukh. [18] The first feature film of Jharkhand was Aakarant, made under the banner of Drishyantar International in 1988. The first Nagpuri film was Sona Kar Nagpur (1994), produced and directed by Dhananjay Nath Tiwari. [19] [20] [21] [22]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jharkhand</span> State in eastern India

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The music tradition of Jharkhand, India, consisting of various folk and tribal forms, is known for its diversity. People of Jharkhand are very fond of music and dance.

<i>Chhau</i> dance Indian semi classical martial dance originating in East India

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The tribes of Jharkhand consist of 32 scheduled tribes inhabiting the Jharkhand state in India. In 1872, only 18 tribes were counted among the scheduled tribes from which Banjara, Bhatudi, Chik Baraik, and Mahli were marked as semi-Hindu aboriginal and Kora as proletariat Hindu. In the 1931 census, including the above four semi-Hindu aboriginal and Kora, a proletariat Hindu, the number was raised to 26 from 18. They were Birajia, Godait, Karmali and Paharia, but Kisan was excluded from the list. In the 1941 census, Baga, Bedia and Lohra were included again taking Kisan in the annexure and the number came to 30 which prevailed till June 2003. Kanwar and Kol were added on 8 June 2003 in the annexure and the number of Schedule Tribes came to 32.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nagpuri language</span> Eastern Indo-Aryan language

Nagpuri is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Bihar. It is primarily spoken in the west and central Chota Nagpur plateau region. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Bhojpuri.

Paiki is a Sadani Nagpuri martial folk dance of the Chotanagpur plateau region of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. In the dance, people wear dhoti, a turban with peacock feathers in it. They hold sword in their right hand, a shield in their left hand and dance to the tune of musical instruments of Nagara, Dhak, Shehnai and Narsingh. It is done by men and reflect valour. It is performed at weddings and functions. Paik were foot soldiers during medieval period. It is primarily performed by Rautia, who used to be soldiers during reign of Nagvanshi dynasty in Chotanagpur. It is also performed by some Munda tribe in Khunti and Mayurbhanj district.

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Jhumair or Jhumar is an Indian folk dance from the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Bihar and West Bengal. It is folk dance of Sadan, the Indo-Aryan ethnic groups of Chotanagpur. It is mainly performed during harvest season. The musical instruments used are Mandar, Dhol, Nagara, Bansuri. This dance style consists of performers standing in a row holding hands, singings couplets, swaying their bodies, clapping their hands and occasionally adding timed jumps.

Sohrai is a harvest festival of the Indian states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Bihar. It also called cattle festival. It is celebrated after harvest and coincide with Govardhan Puja of Diwali festival. In Santal Parganas it is celebrated in the Month of January. It is celebrated by Bhumij, Sadan, Oraons, Ho, Munda and Santal among others.

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Mardani Jhumar( also Mardana Jhumar) is a Nagpuri folk dance performed by men in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. It is performed after harvest in fair. Men wear ghongroo, hold sword, shield and dance in a circle by holding each other's hand. Musical instruments used in this dance are mandar, nagara, dhak and Shehnai or bansi. The dance movement reflects masculine energy. Sometimes women dancers accompany them, who are known as Nacni.

The Nagpuria people, also Nagpuri or Sadan, are an Indo-Aryan speaking ethnolinguistic group who are the native speakers of the Nagpuri language and natives of the western Chota Nagpur Plateau region of Indian states of Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "Culture of Jharkhand, Languages in Jharkhand, Arts and Crafts".
  2. ↑ Paudyal, Netra P.; Peterson, John (2020-09-01). "How one language became four: the impact of different contact-scenarios between "Sadani" and the tribal languages of Jharkhand". Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics. 7 (2): 275–306. doi: 10.1515/jsall-2021-2028 . ISSN   2196-078X.
  3. ↑ "Jharkhand gives second language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithili". avenuemail. 11 March 2018. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  4. ↑ "10 Dishes of Cuisine of Jharkhand you must try at least once in Life". Great Indian Food. 30 September 2016. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  5. ↑ "::Jharkhand Tourism::Cusines". www.jharkhandtourism.in. Archived from the original on 2017-02-26. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  6. ↑ Mukherjee, Subhadip (15 April 2016). "Tribal Food of Chota Nagpur". Indian Vagabond.
  7. ↑ "Hadia is a popular beverage of Jharkhand | Rice Knowledge Management Portal – Rice, Paddy, Dhan, Chawal, Rice Research Domain, Rice Extension Domain, Rice Farmers Domain, Rice General Domain, Rice Service Domain, RKMP, Rice in India, Rice Government Schemes, Rice ITKs, Rice FLDs, Rice Package of Practices". www.rkmp.co.in. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  8. ↑ "The Telegraph – Calcutta : Jharkhand". www.telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  9. ↑ "High time to make most of mahua – Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2017-02-09. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  10. ↑ "Bihar and Jharkhand's Chhath Puja: Honoring the Sun God – The Cultural Heritage of India" . Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  11. ↑ "{title}". 26 September 2012. Archived from the original on 2016-03-27. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  12. ↑ "{title}". Archived from the original on 2018-10-30. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  13. ↑ Khanna, Dr. C. L. (September 2010). {title}. Upkar Prakashan. ISBN   9788174822468. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  14. ↑ "Welcome :: Jharkhand Tourism Development Corporation Ltd". Archived from the original on 2018-08-05. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  15. ↑ "Jharkhand's art and culture is going through a period of crisis and transition: Art critic Manoj Kapardar".
  16. ↑ Khanna, Dr. C. L. (September 2010). {title}. Upkar Prakashan. ISBN   9788174822468. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  17. ↑ Khanna, Dr. C. L. (September 2010). {title}. Upkar Prakashan. ISBN   9788174822468. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  18. ↑ "{title}". 3 November 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  19. ↑ "Jharkhand.org.in | The public website of Jharkhand State". Forum.jharkhand.org.in. Retrieved 2018-11-10.
  20. ↑ our correspondent (2018-11-10). "6-day fest for 100 years' party". In.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2017-06-30.{{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  21. ↑ "Google Scholar".
  22. ↑ "Do you know about film Industries of the world, Like Bollywood.?".
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