Cyanea shipmanii | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Campanulaceae |
Genus: | Cyanea |
Species: | C. shipmanii |
Binomial name | |
Cyanea shipmanii | |
Cyanea shipmanii is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name Shipman's cyanea. It is endemic to the island of Hawaii, where it is known only from the windward slopes of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea. [2] It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. Like other Cyanea , it is known as haha in Hawaiian. [3]
New populations of this species, usually consisting of only a handful of individuals each, are still rarely found in the wild at widely scattered locations in windward native forests, at around 5000–6000 feet elevation. There has been widespread outplanting of hundreds of nursery-raised cyanea shipmanii in recent years, but the genetic diversity of these outplantings is very low due to the small number of original wild plants they are descended from. It is not clear whether any of these recent outplantings will lead to self-sustaining wild populations. Only 37% of cyanea shipmanii seedlings have survived when planted in habitat. [4]
This Hawaiian lobelioid is a fragile sparingly branched shrub which can reach four meters in height. The leaves are deeply divided and subdivided with many tiny lobes, resembling the fronds of ferns. The leaves and stems of young plants and the lower parts of larger plants are encrusted with weak thornlike bristles, as with many other cyanea species. The inflorescence bears many greenish white flowers, producing clusters of small orange fruits each bearing many small seeds. The natural habitat of the plant is moist native forests on well-developed volcanic soils. The plant has been driven toward extinction by degradation of its habitat by logging, cattle ranching, exotic plant species and feral pigs. [2]
The Mauna Loa silversword, Argyroxiphium kauense, or Kaʻū silversword, is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family. It is endemic to the eastern and southern slopes of Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaiʻi. A. kauense occurs in mountainous shrublands, bogs, and open mesic forest. The species is managed by the National Park Service and Hawaiʻi State Department of Forestry and Wildlife. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. There are three known populations remaining, for a total of fewer than 1000 individuals.
Bidens amplectens, the Waiʻanae kokoʻolau, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It belongs to the genus Bidens, collectively called kokoʻolau or koʻokoʻolau in the Hawaiian language. It is found in coastal and dry lowland habitats in the Waiʻanae Range on Oʻahu. It is threatened by habitat loss due to the spread of invasive weeds and brush fires. The species is also threatened by climate change and habitat degradation, and herbivory. Bidens amplectens is currently listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act.
Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. sandwicense, the Mauna Kea silversword, is a highly endangered flowering plant endemic to the island of Hawaiʻi of Hawaii. It is the "crown jewel" of the volcanic mountain Mauna Kea, from which it derives its English name. The Hawaiian name is ʻahinahina; it applies to silverswords more broadly. The Mauna Kea silversword was once common on the volcano, and extraordinary conservation efforts are being made to preserve the species.
Cyanea crispa is a rare species of flowering plant known by the common names crimped rollandia and Koolau Range rollandia. It is endemic to Oahu, where there are no more than fifty individuals remaining in the Koʻolau Range. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea asarifolia is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name gingerleaf cyanea. It is endemic to Kauai, where there were no more than 30 individuals in a single population as of 2005. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea koolauensis is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common names Palolo Valley rollandia and narrowleaf rollandia. It is native to Oahu, where it is known only from the Koʻolau Mountains. It is a federally listed endangered species. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea kuhihewa is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name Limahuli Valley cyanea. It is endemic to Kauai, where only two mature plants are known from a single wild population. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea lobata is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name Waihee Valley cyanea. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from Lanai and Maui. It is a federally listed endangered species. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea longiflora is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name ridge rollandia. It is endemic to Oahu where there are only three remaining occurrences in the northern Waianae Mountains for a total of under 300 individuals. It is a federally listed endangered species. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea mannii is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name Mann's cyanea. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Molokai. There are 9 occurrences with fewer than 3000 plants remaining. It is a federally listed endangered species. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea mceldowneyi is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name McEldowney cyanea. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Maui. A 2007 count estimated 60 plants remaining in two populations. It was federally listed as an endangered species of the United States in 1992. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea pinnatifida is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name sharktail cyanea. It is endemic to Oahu, but it is now extinct in the wild and only exists in cultivation. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea platyphylla is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common names puna cyanea and flatleaf cyanea. It is endemic to the island of Hawaii, where there are fewer than 100 plants remaining in the wild. It is a federally listed endangered species. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea recta is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common names upright cyanea and Kealia cyanea. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Kauai. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea remyi is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name Remy's cyanea. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Kauai. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. Like other Cyanea, it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyanea undulata is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common names wavy cyanea and leechleaf cyanea. It is endemic to the island of Kauai, where it is in rapid decline. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. Like other Cyanea it is known as haha in Hawaiian.
Cyrtandra giffardii is a rare species of flowering plant in the African violet family known by the common names forest cyrtandra and Giffard's cyrtandra. It is endemic to the island of Hawaii, where it grows on the slopes of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. A 1998 estimate places the total remaining population size around 1000 individual plants. It is a tree which grows 2 to 6 meters tall and bears white flowers. It was federally listed as an endangered species in 1994. Like other Hawaiian Cyrtandra it is called ha`iwale.
Cyanea rivularis is a rare species of flowering plant in the bellflower family known by the common name plateau cyanea. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Kauaʻi. There are three small populations of the plant remaining in the wild, for a total of 19 individual plants. The plant was federally listed as an endangered species of the United States in 1996.
Cyperus pennatiformis is a rare species of sedge known by the common name coastal flatsedge. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it grows on the islands of Maui, Kauai, and Laysan. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
Peristylus holochila is a rare species of orchid known by the common name Hawaii bog orchid. It is endemic to Hawaii. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.