61 001 and train at the Centenary of German Railways exhibition in 1935.
Because it was planned to run the train in shuttle services to a tight time schedule, it was necessary that the engine could run at top speed in both directions. This resulted in a tank locomotive rather than the tender locomotive design otherwise used for long-distance high-speed links. In order to be able to attain the high running performance aimed at, locomotives and coaches were designed to be especially light, albeit the coal and water supplies still had to be sufficient for a one-way trip on the planned route.
In building them, component designs from the Deutsche Reichsbahn's standard steam locomotives (Einheitsdampflokomotiven) were used as far as possible, but in quite a number of areas other components were used. The boileroverpressure was set at the higher level of 20atm (293.9psi), whereas those of the standard locos were operated at 16atm (235.1psi). Both locomotives were fitted with a streamlined shell. The water tank tapered at the front and gave the engine driver and stoker a good all-round view of the line. The "cover plates" covered the drive completely.
In contrast to the first engine, 61002, which was built later, had a drive with three cylinders and larger supply tanks. To support the latter, the rear carrying bogie was extended to three axles. As a result of the more powerful drive, the punctuality of the train was improved - it had been unsatisfactory with 61001. In addition the second locomotive had smoke deflectors on top next to the smoke exhaust, which were not fitted to 61001.
Operation
61 001 in monochrome war paint in 1940
...or 61 002
With its 2,300-millimetre (90.55-inch) diameter driving wheels, the locomotive itself achieved the planned speed of 175km/h (109mph) without any difficulty, but when hauling its streamlined train it could only reach 160km/h (99mph). Nevertheless, the scheduled service between Dresden and Berlin was successfully delivered, the 176-kilometre (109mi) long route being completed in just 102 minutes, a time that has not been beaten on this route even in the 21st century with the use of faster electric locomotives. However, it was pushed to complete the short turnaround allowed in Dresden because the locomotive had to turn around and fill up on coal and water.
When 61 001 was not available or having maintenance work carried out, a DRG Class 01 or DRG Class 03 headed the train. However, with top speeds of only 130 kilometres per hour (81mph), they could not reach 61 001's fastest speeds.
Not long after construction had begun on 61 001, its variant 61 002 was planned and built at the start of 1939. In May of that year, the first factory trial runs were carried out and the locomotive was transferred on 12 June 1939 to the locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk or Bw) at Grunewald. It was taken into service at the beginning of 1939/40, so it likely would not have hauled the streamlined train in regular passenger service due to the war and the Henschel-Wegmann train being reserved for Wehrmacht purposes.
After the train's operations ceased at the start of 1939, 61 001 was used for heating duties at Bw Berlin-Grunewald. From December 1940, it found itself once again in Dresden-Altstadt on express train services and was given conventional train and buffer equipment in November 1942. Its operations log shows that it was only sparingly used. From 1943 to the war's end, the Reichsbahn repair shop (Reichsbahnsausbesserungswerk or RAW) at Braunschweig was responsible for the engine. Between July 1945 and March 1946, it travelled about 40,000 kilometres (25,000mi) hauling passenger trains.
Survival post-1945
Locomotive 61 001 found itself in the British Zone at the end of the war and was allocated to BwHannover, but seldom used. In 1947 it had a general inspection and on 23 October 1948 it was stationed in Bebra, where it was in regular service until May 1949. After a brief withdrawal, it again clocked up distances of 3,000 to 10,000 kilometres (1,900 to 6,200 miles) per month from November 1950. On 2 November 1951 the engine suffered serious damage following an accident in Münster, whereupon it was retired on 14 November 1952 and scrapped in 1957.
18 201 (ex 61 002)
Locomotive 61 002 remained in Dresden and was employed in passenger train service there. As a one-off it was however always a problem to use it for regular operations. For the Engineering Trials and Development Unit at Halle (Versuchs- und Entwicklungsstelle für Maschinenwirtschaft or VES-M Halle) under Max Baumberg, it was however interesting as an experimental engine for speeds over 160km/h (99mph). It was converted in 1961 by the DR in East Germany in RAW Meiningen to a fast experimental locomotive with a tender and reclassified as 18 201. With a modern boiler, the outer cylinders of H 45 024, a newly welded inner cylinder and the carrying axle of a high pressure locomotive, H 45 024, it reached speeds of up to 180km/h (110mph). In 2002, number 18 201 was totally overhauled in the Meiningen steam engine shop and is now in the possession of the Steam Plus company (Dampf-Plus GmbH) owned by Christian Goldschagg and Axel Zwingenberger.
MÁV Class 242, a Hungarian streamlined 4-4-4T of similar age and purpose
Literature
Gottwaldt, Alfred (2005). Die Baureihe 61 und der Henschel-Wegmann-Zug (in German). Freiburg: EK-Verlag. ISBN978-3-88255-161-7.
Hütter, Ingo (2021). Die Dampflokomotiven der Baureihen 60 bis 91 der DRG, DRB, DB, und DR (in German). Werl: DGEG Medien. pp.12–14. ISBN978-3-946594-21-5.
Bergsteiner, Leonhard (2005). "175km/h mit Dampf. 70 Jahre Henschel-Wegmann-Zug". Lok Magazin (in German). 44 (283). München: GeraNova Zeitschriftenverlag GmbH: 68–72. ISSN0458-1822.
Weisbrod, Manfred; Müller, Hans; Petznik, Wolfgang (1978). Dampflokomotiven deutscher Eisenbahnen, Baureihe 60–96 (EFA 1.3) (in German) (4thed.). Düsseldorf: Alba. pp.12–17, 226–227. ISBN3-87094-083-2.
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