 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(December 2014) |
The Kleinlokomotiven (literally: small locomotives) of Class I were light German locomotives of low weight and power (up to 40 PS) designed for shunting duties. They were placed in service by the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DRG) after trials had been carried out on several prototype locomotives in 1930. The power source for these locomotives was either a diesel or petrol engine.
After the Deutsche Reichsbahn had initially obtained several trials locomotives in 1930, it took delivery of production Kleinloks in 1931 and split them into two classes or 'power groups'. Locomotives in power group I, with an engine power of up to 40 PS (29 kW), were intended for shunting at small stations and in simple situations.
As a result of the new numbering scheme two of the trials engines from 1930 were also included in Class I. These were locomotives V 6016 and V 6017 (from 1931 Kö 0001 and Kö 0002) delivered by the Fürst-Stolberg-Hütte works at Ilsenburg. They did not acquit themselves well due to numerous defects and were retired again by 1932. Whilst, as early as 1931, the DRG had issued several specifications for locomotives in Class II, for Class I it simply ordered locomotives of the manufacturer's designs between 1931 and 1934, in order to keep procurement costs down. These locomotives were delivered by Jung, Orenstein & Koppel, Windhoff and Gmeinder. They were not permitted to leave the station, because they were too light to achieve reliable rail contact.
Once it had been demonstrated that the employment of low power Class I locomotives was economical, the project team developed a standard, small locomotive (Einheitskleinlokomotive) for the DRG. This was heavily based on the latest delivery from Gmeinder. As a result, the entire locomotive, apart from the diesel engine, was standardised. The footplate on the locomotives was open at the sides and all controls were duplicated on both sides of the engine. The Kleinlokomotiven had buffers and a very simple shunting coupling, that could be automatically coupled and then released using a foot pedal. Transmission was achieved from the engine using simple roller chains on both axles.
The locomotives only had a foot brake and no compressed air brake.
The first type of Einheitskleinlokomotive was further evolved in 1935 into a more robust and powerful model. This was given a much stronger frame and more powerful engine. Due to their greater weight these locomotives were allowed to range outside of stations.
In order to be able to use home-produced fuels, from 1942 to 1945 many locomotives were converted and driven on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). After the Second World War they were converted back again however to diesel operation.
| DRG Class I Einheitskleinlok – DRG/DB/DR Kö* I / DB 311 / DR 100.0 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
1934 standard class | 1935 class | 1936 class | |
| Numbering: | Kö 0080, 0105–0184 | Kö 0185–0244 | Kö 0245–0289 |
| Manufacturer: | Gmeinder, Windhoff, Esslingen | Gmeinder | |
| Year(s) of manufacture: | 1934–35 | 1935–36 | 1936–38 |
| Retired: | 1945–89 | ||
| Axle arrangement: | B | ||
| Track gauge: | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) | ||
| Length over buffers: | 5,475 mm (17 ft 11.6 in) | 5,575 mm (18 ft 3.5 in) | |
| Height: | 3,005 mm (9 ft 10.3 in) | 3,025 mm (9 ft 11.1 in) | |
| Width: | 2,960 mm (9 ft 8.5 in) | 2,962 mm (9 ft 8.6 in) | |
| Overall wheelbase: | new 2,500 mm (8 ft 2.4 in) | new 2,506 mm (8 ft 2.7 in) | |
| Smallest curve radius: | 50 m (164 ft) | ||
| Service weight: | ca. 8 t (7.9 long tons; 8.8 short tons) | ca. 10 t (9.8 long tons; 11.0 short tons) | |
| Top speed: | 18 km/h (11 mph) / 23 km/h (14 mph) | ||
| Installed Power: | 18–22 kW (24–30 hp) | 26–29 kW (35–39 hp) / 37 kW (50 hp)** | |
| Driving wheel diameter: | new 850 mm (33.46 in) | ||
| Fuel supplies: | 56 L (12 imp gal; 15 US gal) diesel fuel* | ||
| Engine type: | various water-cooled/air-cooled** diesel engines* | ||
| Transmission: | mechanical (gear, roller chain) | ||
| Locomotive brake: | foot brake | ||
| Train brake: | – | ||
| *1942–45 Many locomotives operated on LPG and became Class Kb **in the DB more powerful air-cooled diesel engines were installed by 1962 | |||
The Deutsche Bundesbahn retired the manufacturer-designed Kleinlokomotiven and the 1934 standard class engines by 1963. They also standardised the rest of the Kleinloks between 1954 and 1962. As part of that, the locomotives were given the more powerful, air-cooled, 50 PS, Deutz F4L514 engines. As a result of this increase in power the numbering system was changed – from then on, locomotives with a power of up to 50 PS were allocated to Class I.
The Kleinlokomotiven in Class I were ousted by those in classes II and III. In addition the traffic in part-load goods fell, so that most of the engines were retired by the DB in the 1960s and 1970s.
In the Deutsche Reichsbahn there was an attempt to introduce a standard engine type, otherwise there were only minor modifications. In the 1970s they too retired most of the locomotives. Some of the retirements were officially called conversions; actually a new Class II locomotive was built by the Dessau shop ( Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk or Raw).
Several of the engines have been preserved in their original design and are in use. For example:
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, a 0-6-6-0 wheel arrangement refers to a locomotive with two engine units mounted under a rigid locomotive frame, with the front engine unit pivoting and each engine unit with six coupled driving wheels without any leading or trailing wheels. The wheel arrangement was mostly used to describe Mallet locomotive types.
The Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft's BR 01 steam locomotives were the first standardised (Einheitsdampflokomotive) steam express passenger locomotives built by the unified German railway system. They were of 4-6-2 "Pacific" wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or 2′C1′ h2 in the UIC classification. The idea of standardisation was that it would reduce maintenance costs; i.e. if a BR 01 whose engine shop was in, say, Berlin broke down in Dresden, instead of having to ship the necessary part from Berlin and take the locomotive out of service, a part from the Dresden shop could be used as all of the engines, parts, and workings were exactly the same and produced nationwide. Thus it was a "standard" product for engine shops.
The different railway companies in Germany have used various schemes to classify their rolling stock.
Class D I of the Royal Bavarian State Railways was a tank locomotive with two coupled axles designed for shunting. As had been specified, these locomotives were simple and robust. They had a double-frame, with water tanks being suspended between the sole bars of the front section. Because the water capacity of 1.74 m3 soon proved too little even for a shunter operating only within the limits of its own station, additional side tanks were added to some engines during the 1880s. The outside Stephenson valve gear moved the valves on top of the horizontal cylinders. The locomotives could be braked using an Exter counterweight brake.
The German locomotives of DRG Class 43 were standard goods train engines with the Deutsche Reichsbahn.
The Einheitsdampflokomotiven, sometimes shortened to Einheitslokomotiven or Einheitsloks, were the standardized steam locomotives built in Germany after 1925 under the direction of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft. Their manufacture made extensive use of standard design features and components.
German Kleinlokomotiven like the DRG Kö II were developed as locomotives with a low weight and driving power for light shunting duties. There were two classes, based on engine power. The Class II were engines which developed more than 40 HP.
Köf may refer to one of a series of small German locomotives or Kleinlokomotiven including:
The DRG locomotive classification system was developed by the German Imperial Railway Company or Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG), which was formed in 1924 following the merger of the German state railways (Länderbahnen) in 1920. A common classification and numbering scheme was needed in order to organise effectively the four hundred or so different steam locomotive classes taken over from the state railways, as well as new locomotives. This process lasted until 1926. Only then was the final renumbering plan fixed.
The Prussian T 16.1 locomotives were built for the Prussian state railways as goods train tank locomotives about the time of the First World War. Six examples were also procured by the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine.
The Saxon Class XVIII was a German six-coupled tender locomotive built for the Royal Saxon State Railways in 1917/18 for express train services. The Deutsche Reichsbahn grouped them in 1925 into DRG Class 18.0.
The Saxon Class XIV T locomotives were six-coupled tank engines operated by the Royal Saxon State Railways for mixed duties on main and branch lines. In 1925, the Deutsche Reichsbahn grouped them into their DRG Class 75.5.
The Prussian state railways grouped a variety of different types of passenger tank locomotive into its Prussian Class T 5. Several examples of the sub-classes T 5.1 and T 5.2 transferred into the Deutsche Reichsbahn as DRG Classes 71.0 and 72.0.
The DB railways Köf III class are light two axle shunting locomotives of Deutsche Bahn AG.
Gmeinder GmbH was a German locomotive and engineering company based in Mosbach. Its products included diesel engines, small locomotives (shunters) and other railway locomotive parts. Much of its business came through the German railways, though it also exported to the rest of Europe and the rest of the world.
A Kleinlokomotive or Kleinlok is a German locomotive of small size and low power for light shunting duties at railway stations and on industrial railways. Most are powered by diesel engines, but Kleinloks with steam, petrol, or electric engines were also produced.
The AG Märkische Kleinbahn or MKB in Berlin is a German railway museum and heritage railway, founded in 1981, with legal status as a society since 1982. It has set itself the task of preserving historical railway vehicles and other items of railway technology in an operational state or for museum display and to make them accessible to the public. Their centre of operations is the locomotive shed at Schönow.
Steam traction was the predominant form of motive power used by the Deutsche Reichsbahn on its narrow-gauge railways. For certain duties diesel locomotives were also used, albeit these were usually second-hand or rebuilt engines.
DR class V 15 and DR class V 23 were diesel locomotives of Deutsche Reichsbahn in the GDR with side-rod drive for light shunting duties.