D type Adelaide tram

Last updated

D type
Manufacturer A Pengelly & Co
Duncan & Fraser
Assembly Adelaide
Constructed1910-12
Number built54
Fleet numbers121-170, 191-194
Capacity54 seats (as built)
49 or 50 (as modified)
100 standees
Specifications
Car length13.11 metres / 43' 0⅜" (over bumpers)
Width2.36 metres / 8' 10"
(over footboards)
Height3.53 metres
Wheel diameter838 mm / 33" (driving)
508 mm / 20" (pony)
Weight15.8 tons (126-170)
16.3 tons (others)
Traction motors 2 x 50hp GE 202 (121-125, 191-194)
2 x 50hp DK 11B (126-150)
2 x 65hp GE 201G (151-170)
Power supply 600 Volts DC
Current collection method Trolley pole with trolley wheel
Bogies Brill 22E (121-125)
Brush 22E (126-170, 191-194)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)

The Adelaide D type tram was a class of trams operated by the Municipal Tramways Trust on the Adelaide tram network from 1910 until 1958.

Municipal Tramways Trust

The Municipal Tramways Trust (MTT) was established by the Government of South Australia in December 1906 to purchase all of the horse-drawn tramways in Adelaide, Australia. The Trust subsequently also ran petrol and diesel buses and electric trolleybuses. It ceased to exist on 8 December 1975, when its functions were transferred to the State Transport Authority, which also operated Adelaide's suburban train services.

Trams in Adelaide

Until 1958, trams formed a network spanning most of Adelaide, with a history dating back to 1878. Adelaide ran horse trams from 1878 to 1914 and electric trams from 1909, but has primarily relied on buses for public transport since 1958. Electric trams and trolleybuses were Adelaide's main public transport throughout the life of the electric tram network. All tram services except the Glenelg tram were closed in 1958. The Glenelg tram remains in operation and has been progressively upgraded and extended since 2005.

Contents

History

Between 1910 and 1912, A Pengelly & Co of Adelaide assembled 50 bogie closed combination trams for the Municipal Tramways Trust (MTT) from knock-down kits manufactured by the JG Brill Company of Philadelphia. [1] [2] [3] [4]

A Pengelly & Co

A Pengelly & Co was an Australian furniture manufacturer, motor car and rolling stock body maker in Adelaide, Australia. It had a three acre factory on South Road, Edwardstown.

Adelaide City in South Australia

Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia. The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and its residents.

Philadelphia Largest city in Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, known colloquially as Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138. Since 1854, the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents as of 2017. Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley, located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, within the Northeast megalopolis. The Delaware Valley's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.

Numbered 121-170, they were built to provide increased passenger carrying capacity for the planned expansion of Adelaide's electric tramway network into the outer suburbs. When the MTT introduced an alphabetic classification system in 1923, they were classified as the D type. A further 20 were built as open combination trams numbered 101-120 that later became the E type. [2] [3] [4] All were delivered with 22E bogies, the sets under 121-125 being manufactured by JG Brill Company, the remainder by Brush Electrical Machines. [5] [6]

E type Adelaide tram

The E type Adelaide tram was a class of 20 bogie, half open, half closed combination trams with one drop and one straight sill end built by A Pengelly & Co, Adelaide in 1910 for the Municipal Tramways Trust (MTT). In 1918/19, all were remotored with 65 hp General Electric 201s with the original 50 hp General Electric 202s reused in the C type trams. When the MTT introduced an alpha classification system in 1923, they were designated the E type. In 1936, all were converted to E1s with crossbenches removed and the saloon extended along the full length.

Bogie wheeled wagon or trolley

A bogie is a chassis or framework that carries a wheelset, attached to a vehicle—a modular subassembly of wheels and axles. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transport. A bogie may remain normally attached or be quickly detachable ; it may contain a suspension within it, or be solid and in turn be suspended ; it may be mounted on a swivel, as traditionally on a railway carriage or locomotive, additionally jointed and sprung, or held in place by other means.

Brush Electrical Machines

Brush Electrical Machines is a manufacturer of electrical generators typically for gas turbine and steam turbine driven applications. The main office is based at Loughborough in Leicestershire, UK.

Meanwhile, in 1912 Duncan & Fraser (Adelaide) had built four almost identical trams (there were only slight differences in detail between the trams of the two manufacturers, such as the Duncan & Fraser cars having concave rocker panels rather than convex); for the Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust in Melbourne, and were allocated numbers 21 to 24. In 1916 they were sold to the Hawthorn Tramways Trust (HTT), where they retained fleet numbers 21 to 24. [2] [3] [4] [7]

Duncan & Fraser Manufacturer of trams, railway carriages, horse-drawn vehicles, coachbuilder and assembler of motor vehicles

Duncan & Fraser Limited was a vehicle manufacturing company founded in 1865 in Adelaide, South Australia that built horse-drawn carriages and horse trams, and subsequently bodies for trains, electric trams and motor cars, becoming one of the largest carriage building companies in Australia.

Melbourne City in Victoria, Australia

Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 2,080 km2 (800 sq mi), comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities, and is also the common name for its city centre. The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 5 million, and its inhabitants are referred to as "Melburnians".

The Hawthorn Tramways Trust was a tram operator in Melbourne, Australia. Its assets and liabilities were transferred to the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board on 2 February 1920.

All passed to the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB) on 2 February 1920 when it took over the HTT, being renumbered 127 to 130 and designated the O-class. Due to their unpopularity in Melbourne, and having built sufficient standard W-class trams to render smaller groups of older non-standard cars surplus, the O-class were amongst the first electric trams to be disposed of by the MMTB. All four were sold to the MTT and returned to Adelaide in January 1927 entering service as D type trams 191 to 194 (renumbered from 128, 130, 127, and 129 respectively). [7] [8] [9] [10]

The O-class Melbourne tram were a group of four trams built in 1912 by Duncan & Fraser (Adelaide) for the Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust (P&MTT) upon the recommendation of W. G. T. Goodman, Chief Engineer and General manager of the Adelaide tramways. They were allocated P&MTT fleet numbers 21 to 24. At the time of their introduction, they were by far the largest street-vehicles in Melbourne, and earned the nicknames Zeppelins and Dreadnoughts. Proving to be less than satisfactory in service, they were later sold to the Hawthorn Tramways Trust (HTT) in August 1916 as "surplus to requirements", however P&MTT soon ordered replacement tramcars. Co-incidentally they retained their fleet numbers whilst at Hawthorn.

W-class Melbourne tram Electric tram family built in Melbourne, Australia

The W-class trams are a family of electric trams built by the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB) between 1923 and 1956. Over the 33 years of production, 752 vehicles spanning 12 sub-classes were constructed, the majority at the MMTB's Preston Workshops.

During the 1920s all the Metropolitan cars had their track brakes removed when pneumatic brake equipment was fitted, although unlike the Adelaide trams, the former O-class trams had their brake notches disabled when air brakes were fitted in Melbourne. Due to the dangers faced by conductors collecting fares while balancing on footboards, an aisle was cut through four of the six cross-bench seats in 1935 - except for numbers 191 to 194 which had already had five seats so treated prior to leaving Melbourne. The last D types remained in service until the closure of the street-based tramway network in 1958. [2] [3] [9]

Railway air brake Fail-safe power braking system with compressed air as the operating medium

A railway air brake is a railway brake power braking system with compressed air as the operating medium. Modern trains rely upon a fail-safe air brake system that is based upon a design patented by George Westinghouse on April 13, 1869. The Westinghouse Air Brake Company was subsequently organized to manufacture and sell Westinghouse's invention. In various forms, it has been nearly universally adopted.

Running board Step fitted under doors of vehicles

A running board or footboard is a narrow step fitted under the side doors of a tram, car, or truck. It aids entry, especially into high vehicles, and is typical of vintage trams and cars, which had much higher ground clearances than today's vehicles. It is also used as a fashion statement on vehicles that would not otherwise require it. The origin of the name running board is obscure; the first running boards predate automobiles and were installed on carriages as early as the 17th century.

Preservation

One has been preserved:

Related Research Articles

Trams in Australia

The earliest trams in Australia operated in the latter decades of the 19th century, hauled by horses or "steam tram motors". At the turn of the 20th century, propulsion almost universally turned to electrification, although cable trams lingered in Melbourne. In cities and towns that had trams, they were a major part of public transport assets.

H type Adelaide tram

The H type Adelaide tram was a class of 30 trams built by A Pengelly & Co, Adelaide in 1929 for use on the Glenelg tram line. They operated the service until replaced by Flexity Classics in 2006.

Trams in Geelong

The city of Geelong in Victoria, Australia, operated an extensive tramway system from 1912 until 1956, when the service was replaced by buses. Unlike Victoria's other major regional cities, Ballarat and Bendigo, which have kept some track and trams as tourist attractions, no trams or tracks remain in Geelong.

Ballarat Tramway Museum Tram museum in Ballarat, Victoria

The Ballarat Tramway Museum is an operating tramway museum, located in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. The museum is run by volunteers and has a fleet of trams which operate on part of the original horse tramway around Lake Wendouree and the Botanical Gardens. It has a large research collection, archive of information and more than 3,500 items about the Ballarat tramways. The trams in Ballarat operated on a large network through the city from 1887 until 1971.

The L-class was a class of six trams ordered from James Moore & Sons by the Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust (PMTT). However by the time they were delivered in 1921, the PMTT had been taken over by the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB).

M-class Melbourne tram

The M-class was a class of 17 trams built by Duncan & Fraser, Adelaide for the Hawthorn Tramways Trust (HTT) as numbers 1 to 10, and 33 to 39. All passed to the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board on 2 February 1920 when it took over the Municipal Tramway Trusts, becoming the M-class and being renumbered 107 to 116, and 183 to 189.

The N-class was a class of 10 trams built by Duncan & Fraser, Adelaide for the Hawthorn Tramways Trust (HTT) as numbers 11 to 20, all passed to the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (M&MTB) on 2 February 1920 when it took over the HTT, becoming the N-class and being renumbered 117 to 126.

P-class Melbourne tram

The P-class was a class of eight trams built by Duncan & Fraser, Adelaide for the Hawthorn Tramway Trust (HTT) as numbers 25 to 32. All passed to the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board on 2 February 1920 when it took over the HTT becoming the P-class and being renumbered 131 to 138.

The S-class was a class of 18 trams built by Duncan & Fraser, Adelaide for the Melbourne, Brunswick & Coburg Tramway Trust (MBCTT). The first 12 entered service numbered 1-12. All passed to the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB) on 2 February 1920 when it took over the MBCTT becoming the S-class and renumbered 154-165. The other six were delivered directly to the MMTB as 166-171.

Tramway Museum, St Kilda Tramway museum in St Kilda, South Australia

The Tramway Museum, St Kilda is Australia's principal museum of the 19th and 20th century trams of Adelaide, South Australia. It is situated at St Kilda, 24 km (15 mi) north of the centre of Adelaide. Most of the trams operate when rostered along a 1.6 km (1.0 mi) purpose-built track that runs between the museum and a large adventure playground.

To see where this subject fits within the wider context of trams in Adelaide, and for other articles including a less detailed overview article, click [show]in the adjacent panel.

A type Adelaide tram

The A type Adelaide tram was a class of 70 drop-end, Californian combination trams built by Duncan & Fraser, Adelaide in 1908/09 for the Municipal Tramways Trust (MTT). They were used on tram lines to Kensington, Marryatville, Maylands, Payneham, Wakerville, North Adelaide, Parkside, Unley and Hyde Park. In later years they were cascaded to quieter services to Croydon and the isolated Port Adelaide network.

B type Adelaide tram

The B type Adelaide tram was a class of 30 straight sill, open cross-bench trams built by Duncan & Fraser, Adelaide in 1909 for the Municipal Tramways Trust (MTT). Although popular in summer, they were less so in winter when exposed to inclement weather. Thus in 1917 with the MTT requiring more trams, 41-60 were converted to Californian combination trams, closely resembling the A type trams. When the MTT introduced an alpha classification system in 1923, they were designated the B type. Numbers 41-43 became the A2 type and 44-60 the A1 type. The A2s were used exclusively on the isolated Port Adelaide network.

F type Adelaide tram

The F type Adelaide tram was a class of 84 bogie, drop centre, combination trams built between 1921 and 1929 for the Municipal Tramways Trust (MTT). All bar three were built by A Pengelly & Co, Adelaide with 262, 283 and 284 being built by the MTT's Hackney workshops. The first 50 were built as the F type, while the last 34 were classified as the F1 type, the latter having an all steel as opposed to partly wooden underframe. Some remained in service until the network closed in November 1958.

G type Adelaide tram

The G type Adelaide tram was a class of four single truck Birney trams manufactured by JG Brill Company. They arrived in completely knocked down being assembled by the Municipal Tramways Trust.

The Melbourne tram network began in 1884 with the construction of the Fairfield Horse Tramway. However, the purpose of the line was to increase land prices in the area, and it soon closed during the depression in 1890. The first genuine attempt to construct a tramway network was the construction of the Richmond cable tram line by the Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Company in 1885. Over the next few years, 16 more cable tram lines were constructed, as well as numerous other horse tramways. The depression of the early 1890s slowed further expansion of the cable network. The first electric tram line was the Box Hill and Doncaster tramway which opened in 1889. This was a pioneering line in what was then the countryside and thus didn't receive much patronage. It closed in 1896. The next attempt at an electric tramway was Victorian Railways' St Kilda to Brighton line, which opened in 1906. Later that year, the North Melbourne Electric Tramway and Lighting Company opened lines to Essendon and Maribyrnong. Many local councils formed their own tramway trusts and built tramways within their own constituency. The most successful of these was the Prahran and Malvern Tramway Trust.

References

  1. ↑ The Fifty New Car-Bodies to be Manufactured Locally at Messrs Pengelly's Factory The Evening Journal 8 June 1909 page 1
  2. 1 2 3 4 Destination Paradise (2 ed.). Sydney: Australian Electric Traction Association. 1975. p. 20.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Adelaide's Bogie Combination Trams" Trolley Wire issue 323 November 2010 pages 3-11
  4. 1 2 3 4 D type tram 192 (1912) Archived 2017-11-04 at the Wayback Machine Tramway Museum, St Kilda
  5. ↑ The New Tramcar Contract Adelaide Advertiser 7 August 1909 page 10
  6. ↑ MTT tramcar data sheet "Types & Particulars of Cars", dated 1936
  7. 1 2 O Class Vicsig
  8. ↑ Prentice, Bob (2016). Tramway by the River (2 ed.). Goldie, Victoria: Tramway Publications. ISBN   978 0 9758012 1 5.
  9. 1 2 Kings, Keith S. "Transcriptions of Preston Workshops Tramcar Record Cards", various pp.
  10. ↑ Cross, Norman; Budd, Dale; Wilson, Randall (1993). Destination City Melbourne's Electric Trams (5 ed.). Sydney: Transit Publishing Australia. p. 60. ISBN   0 909459 18 5.
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