Danny Cohen (engineer)

Last updated
Danny Cohen
Born
Israel
Residence Bay Area, California
Alma mater Technion, Harvard
Known forInternet Pioneer, first to run a visual flight simulator across the ARPANet
Awards National Academy of Engineering member, IEEE Fellow, USAF Meritorious Civilian Service Award
Scientific career
Fields Mathematics, Computer Science, Computer Graphics
Institutions Harvard University, California Institute of Technology, University of Southern California, Myricom, Sun Microsystems
Doctoral advisor Ivan E. Sutherland

Danny Cohen (born in Israel) is a computer scientist specializing in computer networking. He was involved in the ARPAnet project and helped develop various fundamental applications for the Internet. Cohen is probably best known for his 1980 paper "On Holy Wars and a Plea for Peace" [1] which adopted the terminology of endianness for computing (a term borrowed from Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels). Cohen has served on the computer science faculty at several universities and has worked in the private industry.

Israel country in the Middle East

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in Western Asia, located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition.

Computer network collection of autonomous computers interconnected by a single technology

A computer network is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources. In computer networks, computing devices exchange data with each other using connections between nodes. These data links are established over cable media such as wires or optic cables, or wireless media such as Wi-Fi.

Internet Global system of connected computer networks

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.

Contents

Biography

Cohen earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in 1963. He was a graduate student in the math department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1965 to 1967.[ citation needed ]

Technion – Israel Institute of Technology university

The Technion – Israel Institute of Technology is a public research university in Haifa, Israel. Established in 1912 during the Ottoman Empire and more than 35 years before the State of Israel, the Technion is the oldest university in the country and is ranked the best university in Israel and in the whole of the Middle East in the Shanghai Ranking. The university offers degrees in science and engineering, and related fields such as architecture, medicine, industrial management and education. It has 19 academic departments, 60 research centers and 12 affiliated teaching hospitals. Since its founding, it has awarded more than 100,000 degrees and its graduates are cited for providing the skills and education behind the creation and protection of the State of Israel.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. The institute is a land-grant, sea-grant and space-grant university with campus extends more than a mile along side the Charles river. The institute is traditionally known for its research and education in the physical sciences, engineering and architecture, but more recently in biology, economics, linguistics, management, and social science and art as well. MIT is often ranked among the world's top five universities.

In 1967, Cohen developed the first real-time visual flight simulator on a general purpose computer and the first real-time radar simulator. Cohen's flight simulation work led to the development of the Cohen-Sutherland computer graphics line clipping algorithms, created with Ivan Sutherland at Harvard University. [2] He received a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1969 as a student of Sutherland. His thesis was titled: "Incremental Methods for Computer Graphics". [3]

Line clipping

In computer graphics, line clipping is the process of removing lines or portions of lines outside an area of interest. Typically, any line or part thereof which is outside of the viewing area is removed.

Ivan Sutherland American computer scientist and Internet pioneer

Ivan Edward Sutherland is an American computer scientist and Internet pioneer, widely regarded as the "father of computer graphics". His early work in computer graphics as well as his teaching with David C. Evans in that subject at the University of Utah in the 1970s was pioneering in the field. Sutherland, Evans, and their students from that era invented several foundations of modern computer graphics. He received the Turing Award from the Association for Computing Machinery in 1988 for the invention of Sketchpad, an early predecessor to the sort of graphical user interface that has become ubiquitous in personal computers. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, as well as the National Academy of Sciences among many other major awards. In 2012 he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technology for "pioneering achievements in the development of computer graphics and interactive interfaces".

Harvard University private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with about 6,700 undergraduate students and about 15,250 post graduate students. Established in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, clergyman John Harvard, Harvard is the United States' oldest institution of higher learning, and its history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the world's most prestigious universities.

After serving on the computer science faculty at Harvard through 1973, and at California Institute of Technology in 1976, Cohen joined the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California to work on a packet-voice project designed to allow interactive, real-time speech over the ARPANet (and the Internet during its early development). [4] [5] The Network Voice Protocol project was a forerunner of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). In 1981, he adapted the visual simulator to run over the ARPANet which was an early application of packet switching networks to real-time applications. He started the MOSIS project in 1980.[ citation needed ]

California Institute of Technology private research university located in Pasadena, California

The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) is a private doctorate-granting research university in Pasadena, California. Known for its strength in natural science and engineering, Caltech is often ranked as one of the world's top-ten universities.

Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California research institute

The USC Information Sciences Institute (ISI) is a component of the University of Southern California (USC) Viterbi School of Engineering, and specializes in research and development in information processing, computing, and communications technologies. It is located in Marina del Rey, California.

University of Southern California Private research university in Los Angeles, California, United States

The University of Southern California is a private research university in Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1880, it is the oldest private research university in California. For the 2018–19 academic year, there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs. USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs, including business, law, engineering, social work, occupational therapy, pharmacy, and medicine. It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles, and generates $8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California.

In 1993, he worked on Distributed Interactive Simulation through several projects funded by the United States Department of Defense (DoD). He prototyped a local area network technology called ATOMIC, which was the forerunner of Myrinet. [6] In 1994, Cohen co-founded Myricom (with Chuck Seitz, and others) which commercialized Myrinet. Cohen also started the FastXchange project for electronic commerce and a digital library.

Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) is an IEEE standard for conducting real-time platform-level wargaming across multiple host computers and is used worldwide, especially by military organizations but also by other agencies such as those involved in space exploration and medicine.

United States Department of Defense United States federal executive department

The Department of Defense is an executive branch department of the federal government charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government concerned directly with national security and the United States Armed Forces. The department is the largest employer in the world, with nearly 1.3 million active duty servicemen and women as of 2016. Adding to its employees are over 826,000 National Guardsmen and Reservists from the four services, and over 732,000 civilians bringing the total to over 2.8 million employees. Headquartered at the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C., the DoD's stated mission is to provide "the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security".

Local area network computer network that connects devices over a small area

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building. By contrast, a wide area network (WAN) not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits.

Cohen served on several panels and boards for the US DoD, National Institutes of Health, and United States National Research Council, including 5 years on the USAF Scientific Advisory Board. He served as both a factual and expert witness in patent infringement legal cases about VoIP. Cohen is a commercial pilot with SEL/MEL/SES and Instrument ratings.[ citation needed ]

National Institutes of Health Medical research organization in the United States

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late 1870s and is now part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The majority of NIH facilities are located in Bethesda, Maryland. The NIH conducts its own scientific research through its Intramural Research Program (IRP) and provides major biomedical research funding to non-NIH research facilities through its Extramural Research Program.

In 1993 Cohen received the Meritorious Civilian Service Award from the United States Air Force. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering (2006) [7] and an IEEE Fellow (2010). [8]

Since 2001, Cohen was a distinguished engineer for Sun Microsystems working on very fast communication over short distances, using optical and electrical signaling, in Sun's chief technical officer organization. [9]

Cohen continued as an adjunct professor of computer science at USC. [10]

In 2012, Cohen was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society. [11] In 2013 Vint Cerf hosted an event at Google honoring Cohen. [12]

Selected publications

Patents

Related Research Articles

Myrinet, ANSI/VITA 26-1998, is a high-speed local area networking system designed by the company Myricom to be used as an interconnect between multiple machines to form computer clusters.

Packet switching a method of grouping data which is transmitted over a digital network into packets

Packet switching is a method of grouping data that is transmitted over a digital network into packets. Packets are made of a header and a payload. Data in the header are used by networking hardware to direct the packet to its destination where the payload is extracted and used by application software. Packet switching is the primary basis for data communications in computer networks worldwide.

The end-to-end principle is a design framework in computer networking. In networks designed according to this principle, application-specific features reside in the communicating end nodes of the network, rather than in intermediary nodes, such as gateways and routers, that exist to establish the network.

ARPANET Early packet switching network that was the first to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early packet-switching network and the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. The ARPANET was initially funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense.

Bob Kahn American Internet pioneer, engineer and computer scientist

Robert Elliot Kahn is an American electrical engineer, who, along with Vint Cerf, invented the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), the fundamental communication protocols at the heart of the Internet.

Paul Baran American engineer

Paul Baran was a Polish-born Jewish American engineer who was a pioneer in the development of computer networks. He was one of the two independent inventors of packet switching, which is today the dominant basis for data communications in computer networks worldwide, and went on to start several companies and develop other technologies that are an essential part of modern digital communication.

The Internet Stream Protocol is a family of experimental protocols first defined in Internet Experiment Note IEN-119 (1979), and later substantially revised in RFC 1190 (ST-II) and RFC 1819 (ST2+).

Robert Drost American computer scientist

Robert Drost is an American computer scientist. He was born in 1970 in New York City.

F. Thomson Leighton American mathematician

Frank Thomson "Tom" Leighton is the CEO of Akamai Technologies, the company he co-founded with Daniel Lewin in 1998. As one of the world's preeminent authorities on algorithms for network applications and cybersecurity, Dr. Leighton discovered a solution to freeing up web congestion using applied mathematics and distributed computing.

The Network Voice Protocol (NVP) was a pioneering computer network protocol for transporting human speech over packetized communications networks. It was an early example of Voice over Internet Protocol technology.

Lawrence Roberts (scientist) American electrical engineer and computer scientist

Lawrence Gilman Roberts was an American engineer who received the Draper Prize in 2001 "for the development of the Internet", and the Principe de Asturias Award in 2002.

Radia Perlman American software designer and network engineer

Radia Joy Perlman is an American computer programmer and network engineer. She is most famous for her invention of the spanning-tree protocol (STP), which is fundamental to the operation of network bridges, while working for Digital Equipment Corporation. She also made large contributions to many other areas of network design and standardization, such as link-state routing protocols.

Pradeep Sindhu American businessman

Pradeep Sindhu is Indian-born American entrepreneur who is the co-founder and chief scientist of Juniper Networks Inc. He was also the CEO of the company until 1996.

Internet 0 is a low-speed physical layer designed to route 'IP over anything.' It was developed at MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms by Neil Gershenfeld, Raffi Krikorian, and Danny Cohen. When it was invented, a number of other proposals were being labelled as "internet 2." The name was chosen to emphasize that this was designed to be a slow, but very inexpensive internetworking system, and forestall "high-performance" comparison questions such as "how fast is it?"

John Makhoul is a Lebanese-American computer scientist who works in the field of speech and language processing. Dr. Makhoul's work on linear predictive coding was used in the establishment of the Network Voice Protocol, which enabled the transmission of speech signals over the ARPANET. Makhoul is recognized in the field for his vital role in the areas of speech and language processing, including speech analysis, speech coding, speech recognition and speech understanding. He has made a number of significant contributions to the mathematical modeling of speech signals, including his work on linear prediction, and vector quantization. His patented work on the direct application of speech recognition techniques for accurate, language-independent optical character recognition (OCR) has had a dramatic impact on the ability to create OCR systems in multiple languages relatively quickly.

References

  1. ↑ Cohen,Danny(April 1, 1980). On Holy Wars and a Plea for Peace. IETF.IEN 137. https://tools.ietf.org/rfcmarkup?url=https://www.ietf.org/rfc/ien/ien137.txt ."...which bit should travel first, the bit from the little end of the word, or the bit from the big end of the word? The followers of the former approach are called the Little-Endians, and the followers of the latter are called the Big-Endians." Also published at IEEE Computer , October 1981 issue.
  2. ↑ Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics p.124 and p.252, by Bob Sproull and William M. Newman, 1973, McGraw-Hill Education, International edition, ISBN   0-07-085535-8
  3. 1 2 Cohen, D. (April 1969). Incremental Methods for Computer Graphics (PDF) (Thesis). ARPA.
  4. ↑ Danny Cohen, Stephen Casner, James W. Forgie (April 1, 1981). "A Network Voice Protocol NVP-II" (PDF). USC/ISI and Lincoln Laboratory. Retrieved September 22, 2013.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  5. ↑ Danny Cohen (November 22, 2007). "Specifications for the Network Voice Protocol". RFC 741 . Retrieved September 22, 2013.
  6. ↑ Danny Cohen, Gregory Finn (1993). ATOMIC: A Low-Cost, Very-High-Speed, Local Communication Architecture. Proceedings of the 1993 International Conference on Parallel Processing. ACM. pp. 39–46. doi:10.1109/ICPP.1993.43. ISBN   978-0-8493-8983-2.CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
  7. ↑ "Dr. Danny Cohen". National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  8. ↑ "Introducing the Class of 2010". The Institute. IEEE. March 8, 2010. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  9. ↑ "Danny Cohen". Company bio page. Sun Microsystems. Archived from the original on March 21, 2009. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Faculty Detail, Computer Science Department - USC Viterbi School Of Engineering". Archived from the original on November 26, 2012. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
  11. ↑ 2012 Inductees, Internet Hall of Fame website. Last accessed April 24, 2012
  12. ↑ Danny Cohen's Google Festschrift: produced by MediaOne on YouTube
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