| Decaphora | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Sparassidae |
| Genus: | Decaphora Franganillo, 1931 [1] |
| Type species | |
| D. cubana (Banks, 1909) | |
| Species | |
5, see text | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Decaphora is a genus of huntsman spiders (family Sparassidae) which is found in tropical America. The genus was established by P. Franganillo-Balboa in 1931. [3]
As of September 2019 [update] it contained five species, found in Central America, Cuba, the Bahamas, Mexico, the United States, and Colombia: [1]
Huntsman spiders, members of the family Sparassidae, are known by this name because of their speed and mode of hunting. They are also called giant crab spiders because of their size and appearance. Larger species sometimes are referred to as wood spiders, because of their preference for woody places. In southern Africa the genus Palystes are known as rain spiders or lizard-eating spiders. Commonly, they are confused with baboon spiders from the Mygalomorphae infraorder, which are not closely related.
Scytodes is a genus of spitting spiders that occur all around the world. The most widely distributed species is Scytodes thoracica, which originally had a palearctic distribution, but has been introduced to North America, Argentina, India, Australia, and New Zealand. The genus was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. Spitting spiders have pale yellow bodies with black spots on their cephalothorax, and legs that are characterized by black bands.
Plectreurys is a genus of plectreurid spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1893. It is one of only two genera in its family.
Ctenus is a genus of wandering spiders first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. It is widely distributed, from South America through Africa to East Asia. Little is known about the toxic potential of the genus Ctenus; however, Ctenus medius has been shown to share some toxic properties with Phoneutria nigriventer, such as proteolytic, hyaluronidase and phospholipase activities, in addition to producing hyperalgesia and edema. The venom of C. medius also interferes with the complement system in concentrations in which the venom of P. nigriventer is inactive, indicating that some species in the genus may have a medically significant venom. The venom of C. medius interferes with the complement component 3 (C3) of the complement system; it affects the central factor of the cascades of the complement, and interferes with the lytic activity of this system, which causes stronger activation and consumption of the complement components. Unlike C. medius, the venom of P. nigriventer does not interfere with lytic activity.
Stasina is a genus of huntsman spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1877. Many former species have been transferred to Thelcticopis and Neostasina.
Corinna is a genus of corinnid sac spiders first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1841. They are found in Mexico and south to Brazil, and with selected species found in Africa.
Adcatomus is a genus of South American huntsman spiders that was first described by Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch in 1880. As of September 2019 it contains two species, found in Peru and Venezuela: A. ciudadus and A. flavovittatus.
Anaptomecus is a genus of huntsman spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903.
Caayguara is a genus of Brazilian huntsman spiders that was first described by C. A. Rheims in 2010.
Guadana is a genus of South American huntsman spiders that was first described by C. A. Rheims in 2010.
Quemedice is a genus of South American huntsman spiders that was first described by Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão in 1942. As of September 2019 it contains two species, found in Colombia, Argentina, and Brazil: Q. enigmaticus and Q. piracuruca. Originally placed with the Philodromidae, it was moved to the Sparassidae in 2008.
Curicaberis is a genus of huntsman spiders that was first described by C. A. Rheims in 2015. Species of this genus are found in North and Central America.
Neostasina is a genus of spiders in the family Sparassidae. It was first described in 2016 by Rheims & Alayón. As of 2022, it contains 34 species, all found in the Caribbean.
Sampaiosia is a monotypic genus of Brazilian huntsman spiders containing the single species, Sampaiosia crulsi. It was first described by Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão in 1930, and is found in Brazil.
Sparianthina is a genus of huntsman spiders that was first described by Nathan Banks in 1929.
Uaiuara is a genus of huntsman spiders that was first described by C. Rheims in 2013.
Vindullus is a genus of huntsman spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1880. Though often considered a synonym of Olios, it has been validated as its own genus.
Macrinus is a genus of huntsman spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1887.
Diminutella is a genus of spiders in the family Sparassidae. It was first described in 2018 by Rheims and Alayón. It is a monotypic genus with one described species, Diminutella cortina. It is endemic to Pinar del Rio, Cuba.
Extraordinarius is a genus of South American huntsman spiders. It was first described by C. A. Rheims in 2019, and it has only been found in Brazil.