Dhatuvardhani

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Dhatuvardhani
Arohanam S R₃ G₃ M₂ P D₁ N₃ Ṡ
Avarohanam Ṡ N₃ D₁ P M₂ G₃ R₃ S

Dhatuvardhani (pronounced Dhātuvardhani) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). Dhatuvardhani is the 69th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Dhautapanchamam in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music. [1]

Carnatic music music genre originating in southern India

Carnatic music, Karnāṭaka saṃgīta, or Karnāṭaka saṅgītam, is a system of music commonly associated with southern India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, as well as Sri Lanka. It is one of two main subgenres of Indian classical music that evolved from ancient Hindu traditions, the other subgenre being Hindustani music, which emerged as a distinct form because of Persian or Islamic influences from Northern India. The main emphasis in Carnatic music is on vocal music; most compositions are written to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in gāyaki (singing) style.

Melakarta set of 72 sampurna ragas in Carnatic music

Mēḷakarta is a collection of fundamental musical scales (ragas) in Carnatic music. Mēḷakarta ragas are parent ragas from which other ragas may be generated. A melakarta raga is sometimes referred as mela, karta or sampurna as well, though the latter term is inaccurate, as a sampurna raga need not be a melakarta.

Muthuswami Dikshitar Indian poet and composer

Muthuswami Dikshita or Dikshitar was a South Indian poet, singer and Veena player, and a legendary composer of Indian classical music, who is considered one of the musical trinity of Carnatic music. His compositions, of which around 500 are commonly known, are noted for their elaborate and poetic descriptions of Hindu gods and temples and for capturing the essence of the raga forms through the vainika (veena) style that emphasises gamakas. They are typically in a slower speed. He is also known by his signature name of Guruguha which is also his mudra. His compositions are widely sung and played in classical concerts of Carnatic music.

Contents

Structure and Lakshana

Dhatuvardhani scale with Shadjam at C Dhatuvardani scale.svg
Dhatuvardhani scale with Shadjam at C

Dhatuvardhani is the 3rd rāgam in the 12th chakra Aditya. The mnemonic name is Aditya-Go. The mnemonic phrase is sa ru gu mi pa dha nu. [2] Dhatuvardhani'sārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

Arohana, Arohanam or Aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

An Avarohana, Avarohanam or Avaroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

The notes used in this scale are shatsruthi rishabham, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kakali nishadham.

As Dhatuvardhani is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampurna rāgam (it has all 7 notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the prati madhyamam equivalent of Gangeyabhushani , which is the 33rd melakarta.

Sampurna raga Indian melodic mode with all seven notes of the octave in its scale

In Indian classical music, 'Sampūrṇa rāgas have all seven swaras in their scale. In general, the swaras in the Arohana and Avarohana strictly follow the ascending and descending scale as well. That is, they do not have vakra swara phrases.

Gangeyabhushani 33rd raga in the Melakarta

Gangeyabhushani is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 33rd Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.

Janya rāgams

A few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) are associated with Dhatuvardani. See List of Janya Rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Dhatuvardhani and other 71 melakarta rāgams.

Janya Indian melodic mode derived from a raga in the Melakarta

Janya is a term meaning "derive". In Carnatic music a janya raga is one derived from one of the 72 melakarta ragas. Janya ragas are classified into various types based on a variety of features.

Compositions

A few common compositions set to Dhatuvardhani are:

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This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Dhatuvardhani's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam , yields Gayakapriya , a minor melakarta rāgam. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Gayakapriya .

Notes

  1. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S G̱ G M̄ P Ḏ N Ṡ
    • Western: C D# E F# G G# B C
  2. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ N Ḏ P M̄ G G̱ S
    • Western: C B G# G F# E D# C

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References

  1. ↑ Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai
  2. ↑ Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
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