 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations .(July 2020) |
| Carnatic music |
|---|
 |
| Concepts |
| Compositions |
| Instruments |
|
Janya is a term meaning "derive". In Carnatic (South Indian) music a janya raga is one derived from one of the 72 melakarta ragas (fundamental melodic structures). Janya ragas are classified into various types based on a variety of features.
Ragas that omit (varjyam, to omit in Sanskrit) one or more of the notes of the scale ( swaras ) of their parent melakarta raga, in the ascending or descending scale or in both, fall into this category. Different notes may be omitted from the ascending arohana and descending avarohana scale. Such scales are given the names listed below. [1] [2] vrja a
Since these terms are applicable both to the ascending and the descending scale, ragas can be classified as Audava-Sampurna – 5 notes in ārohaṇa and 7 in the avarohaṇa – Shadava-Sampurna – 6 notes in ārohaṇa and 7 in the avarohaṇa, as in Kambhoji raga and so forth. Sampurna-Sampurna ragas are not necessarily Melakarta because they may use notes not in the parent scale or vakra prayoga, a "zig-zag" scale instead of sequential ascent and descent). Such ragas are termed vakra ragas. [1] [2] Examples are Nalinakanti, Kathanakuthuhalam , Darbaru , Jana Ranjani and Kedaram . See full List of Janya Ragas for more examples.
(see swaras of Carnatic music for an explanation of above notation)
Upanga ragas are strictly derived from their parent melakarta raga and do not use any note not found in the parent raga's scale. [1] [2] Examples of upanga ragas are Shuddha Saveri , Udayaravichandrika and Mohanakalyani . Bhashanga ragas have anya swara(s) (external note; note not found in parent scale) in their ārohaṇa, avarohaṇa or both. [1] [2] Examples of Bhashanga ragas are Kambhoji , Bhairavi , Bilahari , Saranga, Behag and Kāpi .
Some janya ragas are sung in only one octave. [2] Moreover, the highest note is not the shadjam (sa), at which the base sruthi (drone) of a performance is set. The classifications in this category are as follows.
Karnataka ragas are those that are considered to have originated in Carnatic music. [2] Examples are Shankarabharanam , Lalitha and Shuddha Saveri .
Desya ragas are those ragas that have their origins in other music, majority of them originating in Hindustani music. Examples are Yamunakalyani , Desh, Behag and Sindhu Bhairavi .
There are various other classifications of janya ragas. These are based on relationships with other ragas (they give a feel of a different but similar raga), presence of gamakas (oscillations and graces around the note), stresses on notes or lack of them, the time of day when a raga is sung, rasa or mood that they evoke, etc.
Madhuvanti is a raga used in Indian classical music. It is a Hindustani music raga, which is reported to have been borrowed into Carnatic music, and is structurally similar to Multani.
Devagandhari is a raga in Indian classical music. In carnatic classical music, Devagandhari is a janya raga, whose melakarta raga is Shankarabharanam, 29th in the 72 Melakarta raga system. This is not to be confused with Karnataka Devagandhari, which is a janya of Kharaharapriya similar to Abheri.
Vanaspati is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 4th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgams of Carnatic music, following the Katapayadi sankhya system. In the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music, this raga is called Bhānumati.
Kanakangi is a ragam in Carnatic music. It is the 1st Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Kanakāmbari in the Muthuswami Dikshitar school.
Bhairavi is a janya rāgam in Carnatic music. Though it is a sampoorna rāgam, it has two different dhaivathams in its scale making it a Bhashanga Ragam, and hence is not classified as a melakarta rāgam.
Shuddha Saveri or śuddha sāveri is a ragam in Carnatic music and Yakshagana music. It is an audava rāgam. It is a janya rāgam of the Melakarta ragam Dhīraśaṅkarābharaṇaṃ which is 29th Melakarta raga. In Hindustani music it is called Durga. According to the school of Muthuswami Dikshitar, this rāgam is called Devakriya. Karnataka Shuddha Saveri, a janya rāgam of 1st melakartaKanakangi, is called Shuddha Saveri by the Dikshitar school.
Natakapriya, is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 10th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. According to the Muthuswami Dikshitar school, the 10th melakarta rāgam is called Naţābharanam.
Sarasangi is a ragam in Carnatic music. It is the 27th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Sowrasena in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music. In Western music it is known as the Harmonic major scale.
Tanarupi is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 6th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Tanukeerti in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Kokilapriya is a ragam in Carnatic music. It is the 11th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. The 11th rāgam in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music is called Kokilāravam.
Nāgasvarāvaḻi, is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is an audava rāgam. It is a janya rāgam, as it does not have all the seven swaras.
Gambhiranata is a rāga in Carnatic music and Yakshagana where it is called Naati. It is an audava rāgam. It is a janya rāga, as it does not have all the seven swaras. Gambhiranata is also known as Shuddha Nata.
Mohanakalyani is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 65th melakarta scale Mechakalyani. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Mohanam and the Melakarta raga scale Kalyani. This ragam can be considered as a Prati Madhyamam equivalent of Bilahari, the janya of 29th Melakartha Dheerashankarabharanam. The equivalent of Mohanakalyani in Hindustani music is Bhoop Kalyan or Shuddha Kalyan. Bhoop Kalyan belongs to the Kalyan thaat of Hindustani music. Similar to Mohanakalyani, Bhoop Kalyan is a combination of Bhoop and Kalyan. This rāgam is believed to be invented by Swati Tirunal Maharaja.
Bilahari is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 29th melakarta scale Sankarabharanam. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Mohanam and the sampurna raga scale Sankarabharanam. It is a morning rāgam.
Dhanyasi is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 8th melakarta scale Hanumatodi. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Shuddha Dhanyasi and the sampurna raga scale Hanumatodi.
Kedaragaula is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji, and is sometimes spelled as Kedaragowla. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Madhyamavati and the sampurna raga scale Harikambhoji. It is a morning rāgam.
Kalyanavasantam is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 21st melakarta scale Keeravani. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Chandrakauns of Hindusthani music and the sampurna raga scale Keeravani.
Salaga Bhairavi is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 22nd melakarta scale Kharaharapriya. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Shuddha Saveri and the sampurna raga scale Kharaharapriya.
Gaula or Gowla is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 15th melakarta scale Mayamalavagowla. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending and descending scale.
Khamas or Kamās/ Khamās /Khamāch/ Khamāj / Kamāchi (கமாச்) (ఖమాస్/కమాచి) is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale.
