Carnatic music |
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Arohanam | S R₂ G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₂ Ṡ |
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Avarohanam | Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S |
Equivalent | Mixolydian mode |
Harikambhoji (pronounced harikāmbhōji) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 28th Melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system.
One of the first scales employed by the ancient Tamils (3rd century BCE) was the Mullaipann, a pentatonic scale composed of the notes sa ri ga pa da, equivalent to C, D, E, G and A in the western notations. These fully harmonic scales, constitutes the raga Mohanam in the Carnatic music style. Mullaipann further evolved into Sempaalai, a scale based on seven notes by the addition of two more notes, ma and ni to the pentatonic scale. Sempaalai pann corresponds to the Carnatic raga Harikambhoji.
Khamaj thaat of Hindustani Music is the equivalent to this rāgam. [1] [2] It is known as Harikedāragowla in the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music. [1] [2]
In Western music, Mixolydian mode is this raga's equivalent.
It is the 4th rāgam in the 5th chakra Bana. The mnemonic name is Bana-Bhu. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri ga ma pa dha ni sa. [1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
(notes used in this scale are chatushruti rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, chatushruti daivatam, kaishiki nishadham)
It is a sampoorna rāgam – rāgam having all 7 swarams . It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Vachaspati , which is the 64th melakarta.
Harikambhoji has a lot of janya rāgams (derived rāgams) associated with it, of which Kambhoji is by far the most famous and frequently sung in concerts. The globally famous pentatonic scale Mohanam is also considered a janya of this rāgam. Andolika [2] (also considered as janya of Kharaharapriya), Kamas , Pashupatipriya , Kedaragaula , Natakurinji , Navarasa kannada , Sahana , Senchuruti, Surutti and Yadukula kambhoji are also very popular janyas.
See List of janya rāgams for a full list of Harikambhoji's janya rāgams.
Among the Trinity of Carnatic music, only Thyagaraja has composed songs in Harikambhoji. He has composed the popular kritis Ramanannu brovara, Entara Neethana, Nenendhu Vedakudhura, Enduku Nirdaya, Undedi Ramudu, Chanithodi, Dinamani Vamsha amongst many others.
Papanasam Sivan has composed Enadhu manam kavalai, Pamalaikkinai Undo and Paadamalar Tunaiye which are popularly performed among other kritis.
Other popular compositions include: Muruga Tirumal Maruga by Thanjavur Sankara Iyer, Saketha Nagara Natha by Mysore Sadashiva Rao, Rama na Moralincara by Walajapet Venkataramana Bhagavatar, Vinata Suta Vahanudai by KV Srinivasa Iyengar, Karomi smaranam shashanka-vadanam by Ashok R Madhav.
Note that the following songs are composed in Khamaj, the equivalent of raga Harikambhoji in Carnatic music.
Song | Movie | Year | Composer | Singer |
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Karmukil Varnante | Nandanam (film) | 2002 | Raveendran | K. S. Chithra(Kerala State Film Awards) |
Ascending:S M1 P D2 N2 D2 S
Descending:S N2 D2 P M1 S
Song | Movie | Year | Composer | Singer |
---|---|---|---|---|
Manamae Nee | Ashok Kumar | 1941 | Alathur V. Subramanyam | M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar |
Solla Solla | Kandhan Karunai | 1967 | K. V. Mahadevan | P. Susheela |
Raja Vaada Singakutti | Thisai Maariya Paravaigal | 1979 | M. S. Viswanathan | P. Jayachandran,S. Janaki |
Azhagi Nee Perazhagi | Enga Ooru Pattukaran | 1987 | Ilaiyaraaja | Mano |
Puttu Puttu Vaikkatuma | Illam | 1988 | ||
Adi Maana Madhuraiyile | Koyil Kaalai | 1993 | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,S. Janaki | |
Nalla Samsaram | Maamiyar Veedu | |||
Senthamizh Naatu Thamizhachiye | Vandicholai Chinraasu | 1994 | A. R. Rahman | Shahul Hameed |
"I Have Fallen" (Enna Idhu) | Rojavanam | 1999 | Bharadwaj | P. Unnikrishnan,Anuradha Sriram |
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
Harikambhoji's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam , yields 5 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Kalyani , Sankarabharanam , Natabhairavi , Kharaharapriya and Hanumatodi . For further details and an illustration refer related rāgams section in Shankarabharanam page.
Dhīraśankarābharaṇaṃ, commonly known as Śankarābharaṇaṃ, is a rāga in Carnatic music. It is the 29th Melakarta rāga in the 72 Melakarta rāga system of Carnatic music. Since this raga has many Gamakās (ornamentations), it is glorified as "Sarva Gamaka Māṇika Rakti Rāgaṃ".
Naṭabhairavi is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 20th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. It corresponds to the Natural minor scale of western music system.
Kharaharapriya is a rāga in Carnatic music. It is the 22nd melakarta rāga in the 72 melakarta rāga system. It is possible that the name of the ragam was originally Harapriya but it was changed to conform to the Katapayadi formula. Kharaharapriya has a distinct melody and brings out the Karuna rasam, invoking pathos in the listeners. The Kafi thaat of Hindustani music is the equivalent of Kharaharapriya. Its Western equivalent is the Dorian mode. The Prati Madhyamam equivalent of this raga is Hemavati
Mohanam is a raga in Carnatic music. It is an audava rāga. It is usually described as a janya rāga of Harikamboji. However, alternate opinions suggest that Mechakalyani or even Shankarabharanam may be a more appropriate classification based on the lakshana of the raga.
Madhyamavati (madhyamāvati) is a raga in Carnatic music. It is an audava rāga, as it does not have all the seven musical notes (swaras). It is a janya rāga. The equivalent of Madhyamavati in Hindustani music is Madhumad Sarang. It also has other equivalents in Hindustani music such as ragas Megh and Megh Malhar.
Shuddha Saveri or śuddha sāveri is a ragam in Carnatic music and Yakshagana music. It is an audava rāgam. It is a janya rāgam of the Melakarta ragam Dhīraśaṅkarābharaṇaṃ which is 29th Melakarta raga. In Hindustani music it is called Durga. According to the school of Muthuswami Dikshitar, this rāgam is called Devakriya. Karnataka Shuddha Saveri, a janya rāgam of 1st melakartaKanakangi, is called Shuddha Saveri by the Dikshitar school.
Udayaravichandrika, alias Shuddha Dhanyasi, is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is an audava rāgam. It is a janya rāgam, as it does not have all the seven swaras. Closer to Udayaravichandrika in Hindustani music is Dhani aka Gaundgiri. But Dhani has N2 while Udayaravichandrika N3 in theory. Its Western equivalent is the Minor pentatonic scale. This raga has a great association with the Chinese musicology, which is highly influenced by this raga, and is also called the "Chinese Scale". The Prati Madhyamam equivalent of this raga is "Sumanesaranjani", whose Hindustani Equivalent is "Madhukauns"
Shivaranjani or Sivaranjani is a musical scale used in Indian classical music. There are two scales, one in Hindustani music and one in Carnatic music. The Hindustani rāga is a pentatonic scale, as is the Carnatic scale categorized as Audava-Audava resulting in 5 notes in the Arohanam and 5 in the Avarohanam.
Nāgasvarāvaḻi, is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is an audava rāgam. It is a janya rāgam, as it does not have all the seven swaras.
Valaji or Valachi is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a pentatonic scale. It is a janya rāgam, as it does not have all the seven swaras. The equivalent of Valaji in Hindustani music is Kalāvati.
Karnataka Shuddha Saveri is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is an audava rāgam. It is a janya rāgam, as it does not have all the seven swaras.
Gambhiranata is a rāga in Carnatic music and Yakshagana where it is called Naati. It is an audava rāgam. It is a janya rāga, as it does not have all the seven swaras. Gambhiranata is also known as Shuddha Nata.
Mohanakalyani is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 65th melakarta scale Mechakalyani. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Mohanam and the Melakarta raga scale Kalyani. This ragam can be considered as a Prati Madhyamam equivalent of Bilahari, the janya of 29th Melakartha Dheerashankarabharanam. The equivalent of Mohanakalyani in Hindustani music is Bhoop Kalyan or Shuddha Kalyan. Bhoop Kalyan belongs to the Kalyan thaat of Hindustani music. Similar to Mohanakalyani, Bhoop Kalyan is a combination of Bhoop and Kalyan. This rāgam is believed to be invented by Swati Tirunal Maharaja.
Bilahari is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 29th melakarta scale Sankarabharanam. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Mohanam and the sampurna raga scale Sankarabharanam.
Andolika is a Carnatic raga, which is also sometimes written as Andholika. This raga is a janya of the 22nd Melakarta raga Kharaharapriya.
Kedaragaula is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji, and is sometimes spelled as Kedaragowla. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Madhyamavati and the sampurna raga scale Harikambhoji. It is a morning rāgam.
Yadukulakamboji or Yadukulakambodi (yadukulakāmbhōji) is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji, and is sometimes spelled as Yadukulakambhoji or Yadukulakambhodi. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Shuddha Saveri and the sampurna raga scale Harikambhoji.
Salaga Bhairavi is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 22nd melakarta scale Kharaharapriya. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Shuddha Saveri and the sampurna raga scale Kharaharapriya.
Garudadhvani or Garudadhwani is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a janya rāgam from the 29th melakarta scale Shankarabharanam. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras in the descending scale. It is a combination of the sampurna raga scale Shankarabharanam and the pentatonic scale Mohanam.
Revagupti is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is a pentatonic scale. It is a janya rāgam, as it does not have all the seven swaras.