Arohanam | S R₁ G₃ M₁ P D₃ N₃ Ṡ |
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Avarohanam | Ṡ N₃ D₃ P M₁ G₃ R₁ S |
Carnatic music |
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Tanjavur-style Tambura |
Concepts |
Compositions |
Instruments |
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Hatakambari (pronounced Hātakāmbari [1] ) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 18th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.
Carnatic music, Karnāṭaka saṃgīta, or Karnāṭaka saṅgītam, is a system of music commonly associated with southern India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, as well as Sri Lanka. It is one of two main subgenres of Indian classical music that evolved from ancient Hindu traditions, the other subgenre being Hindustani music, which emerged as a distinct form because of Persian or Islamic influences from Northern India. The main emphasis in Carnatic music is on vocal music; most compositions are written to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in gāyaki (singing) style.
Mēḷakarta is a collection of fundamental musical scales (ragas) in Carnatic music. Mēḷakarta ragas are parent ragas from which other ragas may be generated. A melakarta raga is sometimes referred as mela, karta or sampurna as well, though the latter term is inaccurate, as a sampurna raga need not be a melakarta.
It is called Jayashuddhamālavi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music. [1] [2] [3]
Muthuswami Dikshita or Dikshitar was a South Indian poet, singer and Veena player, and a legendary composer of Indian classical music, who is considered one of the musical trinity of Carnatic music. His compositions, of which around 500 are commonly known, are noted for their elaborate and poetic descriptions of Hindu gods and temples and for capturing the essence of the raga forms through the vainika (veena) style that emphasises gamakas. They are typically in a slower speed. He is also known by his signature name of Guruguha which is also his mudra. His compositions are widely sung and played in classical concerts of Carnatic music.
It is the 6th rāgam in the 3rd chakra Agni. The mnemonic name is Agni-Sha. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gu ma pa dhu nu. [2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
Arohana, Arohanam or Aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
An Avarohana, Avarohanam or Avaroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.
(the notes used in this scale are shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shatsruthi dhaivatham, kakali nishadham)
As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Vishwambari , which is the 54th melakarta.
Vishwambari is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 54th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Vamshavati in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Jayashuddhamālavi is the 18th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the scales are different. It is an shadava-sampurna raga (6 notes in ascending scale, while full 7 are used in descending scale in zig-zag manner, vakra prayoga). [1]
Venkatamakhin or Venkatamakhi, was an Indian poet, musician, and musicologist of Carnatic music. He is renowned for his Chaturdandiprakashika in which he explicates the melakarta system of classifying ragas. Venkatamakhin composed geethams and prabandhas, as well as 24 ashtapadis in praise of Lord Thyagaraja of Tiruvarur.
Hatakambari has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams to view all rāgams associated with Hatakambari.
Few compositions set to Hatakambari are:
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
Hatakambari's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam , yields one other minor melakarta rāgams, namely, Gavambhodi . Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Hatakambari .
Ragavardhini has two separate meanings in Indian classical music:
Vanaspati is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 4th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgams of Carnatic music, following the Katapayadi sankhya system. In the Muthuswami Dikshitar school of music, this raga is called Bhānumati.
Naṭabhairavi is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 20th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. It corresponds to the Minor scale of western music system.
Kanakangi is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 1st Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Kanakāmbari in the Muthuswami Dikshitar school.
Pavani is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 41st melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Kumbhini in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Ganamurti is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 3rd Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.
Senavati is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 7th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Senāgrani in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Kokilapriya is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 11th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. The 11th rāgam in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music is called Kokilāravam.
Gayakapriya is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 13th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.
Vakulabharanam is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 14th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Dhātivasantabhairavi or Vātivasantabhairavi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Suryakantam or Sooryakantam is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 17th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Chāyāvati in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Jhankaradhvani or Jhankaradhwani is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 19th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.
Varunapriya is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 24th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Viravasantam; in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Gangeyabhushani is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 33rd Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.
Chalanata is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 36th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is one of the few rāgams referred by the same name in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Raghupriya is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 42nd melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Ravikriya in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Gavambodhi is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 43rd Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Geervāṇi or Girvāṇi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Bhavapriya is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 44th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.
Divyamani is a rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is the 48th in the series. It is called Jeevantika or Jeevantini in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Kantamani is a rāgam in Carnatic music. It is the 61st Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Kuntalam in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.