The northern bobwhite,also known as the Virginia quail or bobwhite quail,is a ground-dwelling bird native to Canada,the United States,Mexico,and Cuba,with introduced populations elsewhere in the Caribbean,Europe,and Asia. It is a member of the group of species known as New World quail (Odontophoridae). They were initially placed with the Old World quail in the pheasant family (Phasianidae),but are not particularly closely related. The name "bobwhite" is an onomatopoeic derivation from its characteristic whistling call. Despite its secretive nature,the northern bobwhite is one of the most familiar quails in eastern North America,because it is frequently the only quail in its range. Habitat degradation has contributed to the northern bobwhite population in eastern North America declining by roughly 85% from 1966 to 2014. This population decline is apparently range-wide and continuing.
James Gaius Watt was an American lawyer,lobbyist,and civil servant who served as U.S. Secretary of the Interior in the Ronald Reagan administration from 1981 to 1983. He was described as "anti-environmentalist" and was one of Ronald Reagan's most controversial cabinet appointments.
Hetch Hetchy is a valley,a reservoir,and a water system in California in the United States. The glacial Hetch Hetchy Valley lies in the northwestern part of Yosemite National Park and is drained by the Tuolumne River. For thousands of years before the arrival of settlers from the United States in the 1850s,the valley was inhabited by Native Americans who practiced subsistence hunting-gathering. During the late 19th century,the valley was renowned for its natural beauty –often compared to that of Yosemite Valley –but also targeted for the development of water supply for irrigation and municipal interests. The controversy over damming Hetch Hetchy became mired in the political issues of the day. The law authorizing the dam passed Congress on December 7,1913. In 1923,the O'Shaughnessy Dam was completed on the Tuolumne River,flooding the entire valley under the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. The dam and reservoir are the centerpiece of the Hetch Hetchy Project,which in 1934 began to deliver water 167 miles (269 km) west to San Francisco and its client municipalities in the greater San Francisco Bay Area.
Stewart Lee Udall was an American politician and later,a federal government official who belonged to the Democratic Party. After serving three terms as a congressman from Arizona,he served as Secretary of the Interior from 1961 to 1969,under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.
Ronald Reagan's tenure as the 40th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20,1981,and ended on January 20,1989. Reagan,a Republican from California,took office following a landslide victory over Democratic incumbent President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election. Four years later,in the 1984 election,he defeated Democrat former vice president Walter Mondale to win re-election in a larger landslide. Reagan was succeeded by his vice president,George H. W. Bush. Reagan's 1980 election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics,including a loss of confidence in liberal,New Deal,and Great Society programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.
Gary Lee Bauer is an American civil servant,activist,and former political candidate. He served in President Ronald Reagan's administration as Under Secretary of Education and Chief Domestic Policy Advisor,and later became president of the Family Research Council and a senior vice president of Focus on the Family,both conservative Christian organizations. Bauer was a candidate in the 2000 Republican Party presidential primaries and participated in five national debates. He is known for his advocacy of religious liberty,support for Israel,and his dedication to electing conservative candidates to Congress.
William Patrick Clark Jr. was an American rancher,judge,and public servant who served under President Ronald Reagan as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982,United States National Security Advisor from 1982 to 1983,and the Secretary of the Interior from 1983 to 1985.
Peabody Energy mined coal at the Black Mesa plateau in the southwestern United States from the 1960s until 2019. The plateau overlaps the Navajo and Hopi reservations.
The Raker Act was an act of the United States Congress that permitted building of the O'Shaughnessy Dam and flooding of Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park,California. It is named for John E. Raker,its chief sponsor. The Act,passed by Congress in 1913 by the Wilson administration,specified that because the source of the water and power was on public land,no private profit could be derived from the development. The plan for damming the valley was fought for years by John Muir. Construction of the dam was finished in 1923.
ConservAmerica,formerly known as Republicans for Environmental Protection (REP),is a national nonprofit organization formed in 1995. REP's stated purpose is to strengthen the Republican Party's stance on environmental issues and support efforts to conserve natural resources and protect human and environmental health. Incorporated in Illinois,its headquarters are in Sturgis,Michigan.
Take Pride in America is a United States Department of the Interior partnership program that encourages individuals,civic groups,corporations and others to volunteer in caring for the public lands that it controls. The program's recent stated goal has been to instill in U.S. citizens an active sense of ownership and responsibility for natural,cultural,and historic resources. The program has been pursued since 1985 with varying levels of commitment,depending on funding levels and the commitment of the Department of the Interior under different federal administrations. As of 2015,though the Take Pride in America Act is still used as the legal basis for certain Department of the Interior programs,the program is not being promoted.
The environmental policy of the United States is a federal governmental action to regulate activities that have an environmental impact in the United States. The goal of environmental policy is to protect the environment for future generations while interfering as little as possible with the efficiency of commerce or the liberty of the people and to limit inequity in who is burdened with environmental costs. As his first official act bringing in the 1970s,President Richard Nixon signed the U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) into law on New Years Day,1970. Also in the same year,America began celebrating Earth Day,which has been called "the big bang of U.S. environmental politics,launching the country on a sweeping social learning curve about ecological management never before experienced or attempted in any other nation." NEPA established a comprehensive US national environmental policy and created the requirement to prepare an environmental impact statement for “major federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the environment.”Author and consultant Charles H. Eccleston has called NEPA,the world's “environmental Magna Carta”.
William Flynn Martin is an American energy economist,educator,and international diplomat. Martin served as Special Assistant to Ronald Reagan for National Security Affairs,Executive Secretary of the United States National Security Council,and United States Deputy Secretary of Energy during the Ronald Reagan Administration. He was President of the Council of the University for Peace,appointed to the Council by Secretary General of the United Nations Kofi Annan. In 1992,he was Executive Director of the Republican Platform committee under George H. W. Bush. William Martin served for ten years as Chairman of the Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee during the administrations of George W. Bush and Barack Obama.
George Pratt Shultz was an American economist,businessman,diplomat and statesman. He served in various positions under two different Republican presidents and is one of the only two persons to have held four different Cabinet-level posts,the other being Elliot Richardson. Shultz played a major role in shaping the foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration and advancing the false narrative used to defraud investors in Theranos.
The 1988 State of the Union Address was given by the 40th president of the United States,Ronald Reagan,on January 25,1988,at 9:00 p.m. EST,in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives to the 100th United States Congress. It was Reagan's seventh and final State of the Union Address and his eighth and final speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. Presiding over this joint session was the House speaker,Jim Wright,accompanied by George H. W. Bush,the vice president.
The Rise and Fall of the Christian Coalition is Joel D. Vaughan's insider's history of the organization. Released by Wipf &Stock in 2009,Vaughan's is the only history of the organization that received much credit for the 1994 Republican takeover of both houses of Congress.
The Texas Clean Energy Project (TCEP) was a project developed by Summit Power Group,Inc intended to build of the world’s first Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) clean-coal power plant,a type of carbon capture and storage facility,located near Odessa,Texas.
Mary Walker is an American lawyer who served as a high-ranking appointee under Presidents Ronald Reagan,George H.W. Bush and George W. Bush.
Kerr-McGee v. Navajo Tribe,471 U.S. 195 (1985),was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that an Indian tribe is not required to obtain the approval of the Secretary of the Interior in order to impose taxes on non-tribal persons or entities doing business on a reservation.
Shelby Templeton Brewer was an American nuclear energy sector executive in private and public positions since 1978. He was Chief Executive Officer of ABB-Combustion Engineering Nuclear Power,one of the world's leading nuclear companies for ten years (1985–1995). He was the top nuclear official in the Reagan Administration from 1981–1984,serving as the Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy.
