Duyunolepis

Duyunolepis Temporal range: Emsian [1] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Life restoration of Duyonolepis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Infraphylum:	Agnatha
Class:	† Galeaspida
Order:	† Polybranchiaspiformes
Family:	† Duyunolepidae
Genus:	† Duyunolepis (P’an & Wang, 1978a) Pan & Wang, 1982 [2] [1]
Species:	†D. paoyangensis
Binomial name
†Duyunolepis paoyangensis P’an & Wang, 1978a [3] [1]

Duyunolepis is an extinct genus of polybranchiaspiform galeaspid known from the Emsian age (Early Devonian) of the Shujiaping Formation (Duyun, Guizhou, southwestern China). It is represented by the single species Duyunolepis paoyangensis. ^[1]

Description

The head shield of Duyunolepis takes a slightly elliptical shape, approximately measuring 90 mm long and 60 mm wide. This shield is dorsally markedly arched, and its cross section is semicircular in shape. ^[1] It is ornamented with polygonal scale-units. ^[4]

The rostral margin of this structure is rounded and blunt. From that region, the lateral margins gradually arch inwards through the length of the head shield which, at the posterior margin, elongates to form a bluntly tipped posterior mesodorsal process. This notably results in the absence of an inner corner. ^{[1] [4]}

Present in the dorsal face of the head shield, the mediodorsal opening, through which the intake of respiratory water would occur, was positioned distant to the rostral margin and had a large subcircular shape, slightly wider than long. Slightly posterior to the posteriormost limit of the mesodorsal opening, there are two small orbital openings, where the eyes would be located. A pineal opening is located at the level of the posterior margin of the orbital openings. A sensory canal system is not known. ^[1]

The animal had 20 pairs of branchial openings. ^{[1] [4]}

Phylogeny

An analysis by Gai and colleagues in 2018 obtained the following phylogenetic tree by strict consensus of 3 maximum parsimony trees: ^[5]

Agnatha

Ateleaspis Galeaspida Changxingaspis Hanyangaspis Dayongaspis Eugaleaspiformes ⊞ ⊟ Shuyu zhejiangaspis 'Sinogaleaspidae' Anjiaspis Meishanaspis 'Shuyu' xikengensis Shuyu shankouensis Eugaleaspidae Yunnanogaleaspis Nochelaspis Eugaleaspis Pterogonaspis Polybranchiaspidida Geraspididae Geraspis Kwangnanaspis Polybranchiaspiformes Gumuaspidae Gumuaspis Platylomaspis Nanningaspis Pentathyraspidae Microhoplonaspis Pentathyraspis Duyunolepidae Duyunolepis Lopadaspis Polybranchiaspidae Bannhuanaspis Dongfangaspis Polybranchiaspis Damaspis Laxaspis Zhaotongaspididae Wenshanaspis Zhaotongaspis Huananaspiformes ⊞ ⊟ Sanchaspidae Antiquisagittaspis Sanchaspis Gantarostrataspidae Gantarostrataspis Wumengshanaspis Sanqiaspidae Sanqiaspis Huananaspidae Asiaspis Nanpanaspis Stephaspis Huananaspis Macrothyraspinae Lungmenshanaspis Qingmenaspis Macrothyraspis Sinoszechuanaspis

References

1. Liu, Y H; Zhu, M; Gai, Z K; Lu, L (2015). 盔甲鱼亚纲 Tarlo, 1967[Subclass Galeaspida Tarlo, 1967]. In Zhu, M (ed.). 《中国古脊椎动物志》第一卷 鱼类 第一册（总第一册）无颌类 [Palaeovertebrata Sinica Vol. I, Fishes, Fasc. 1 Agnathans] (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press. pp. 141–267.
2. Pan, J; Wang, S T (1982). 命名建议——以Dunyunolepis代替Duyunaspis P'an et Wang, 1978.[A nomenclatural note on Duyunolepis for Duyunaspis P’an et Wang, 1978]. Vert PalAsiat (in Chinese). 20 (4): 370.
3. P’an, K; Wang, S T (1978a). 中国南方泥盆纪无颌类及鱼类化石[Devonian Agnatha and Pisces of South China]. 华南泥 盆系会议论文集[Symposium of the Devonian System of South China] (in Chinese). Beijing: 地质出版社 [Geological Publishing House]. pp. 299–333.
4. Zhu, Min; Gai, Zhikun (2007-04-01). "Phylogenetic relationships of galeaspids (Agnatha)". Frontiers of Biology in China. 2 (2): 151–169. doi:10.1007/s11515-007-0022-6. ISSN   1673-3622.
5. Gai, Zhikun; Lu, Liwu; Zhao, Wenjin; Zhu, Min (2018-09-19). Peng, Zuogang (ed.). "New polybranchiaspiform fishes (Agnatha: Galeaspida) from the Middle Palaeozoic of China and their ecomorphological implications". PLOS ONE. 13 (9) e0202217. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1302217G. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202217 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   6145596 . PMID   30231026.