Eastern pygmy marmoset | |
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Eastern pygmy marmosets in Dudley Zoo, England | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Primates |
Suborder: | Haplorhini |
Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
Family: | Callitrichidae |
Genus: | Cebuella |
Species: | C. niveiventris |
Binomial name | |
Cebuella niveiventris Lönnberg, 1940 | |
The eastern pygmy marmoset (Cebuella niveiventris) is a marmoset species, a very small New World monkey, found in the southwestern Amazon Rainforest in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru. It was formerly regarded as conspecific with the similar western pygmy marmoset, but the eastern pygmy marmoset has whitish colored underparts. Although the eastern pygmy marmoset occurs further east than the western pygmy marmoset, the primary separators of their ranges are the Amazon River (Solimões River) and Maranon River, with the western occurring to the north of them and the eastern to the south. [1] The species has recently been confirmed by DNA testing to exist in Ecuador, hundreds of kilometers north of the Maranon River. [2]
The eastern pygmy marmoset weighs around 119 grams and have a head size ranging from 33.7 to 38.9mm, being one of the smallest New World monkeys. [3] [4] In the wild, full grown adult males weigh approximately 110 grams whereas adult females can weigh around 120 grams. [5] All pygmy marmosets share a common attribute where they have a mane of fur covering their ears, arms that are longer than their hind legs, and they have no protocone in their first upper premolar tooth. [4] Due to their specific diet, the eastern pygmy marmoset also has large lower incisors and a strong V-shaped lower jaw. [4] The eastern pygmy marmoset also has claw-like nails which are beneficial for actions such as poking holes in tree bark to obtain food, as well as the claw-like nails allows them to cling vertically to tree trunks. [6]
As different subspecies of the pygmy marmoset have different coloration patterns, the eastern pygmy is more of a white, pale color. [3] The species has whiteish underparts which include their arms and legs, as well as their throat and chest having a more orange to white coloration. [3]
The eastern pygmy marmoset are small arboreal nonhuman primates that cover a large geographic distribution. [3] [7] As it was confirmed by DNA the eastern pygmy marmoset is located primarily south of the Rio Solimões river (Amazon River) covering parts of Peru, Brazil, Equator and Bolivia. [3] The species covers a larger range in Brazil and Peru, present in the Amazonian lowlands and Andean foothills. [7] The home range of this nonhuman primate also stretches a little into northern Bolivia. [7]
The eastern pygmy marmoset is similar to the general species as they have a specific high-quality, rare food diet. [4] They are considered mainly to be exudativores as well as insectivores. [3] The eastern pygmy marmosets feed primarily on plant exudates which consist of tree sap, tree gum as well as latex from trees and lianas. [5] This consists of a large portion of their diet. [3] They are known at times to also eat arthropods, primarily being insects, and occasionally eat fruits for extra nutrition. [5]
The species, due to their particular diet, has dental as well as nail adaptations in order to gnaw, dig, and cling vertically to trees; these are all behaviors associated with feeding as well as exudate foraging. [8]
The Callitrichidae are a family of New World monkeys, including marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins. At times, this group of animals has been regarded as a subfamily, called the Callitrichinae, of the family Cebidae.
The Goeldi's marmoset or Goeldi's monkey is a small, South American New World monkey that lives in the upper Amazon basin region of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. It is the only species classified in the genus Callimico, and the monkeys are sometimes referred to as "callimicos". The species takes its name from its discoverer, Swiss-Brazilian naturalist Emil August Goeldi.
The marmosets, also known as zaris or sagoin, are 22 New World monkey species of the genera Callithrix, Cebuella, Callibella, and Mico. All four genera are part of the biological family Callitrichidae. The term "marmoset" is also used in reference to Goeldi's marmoset, Callimico goeldii, which is closely related.
Geoffroy's tamarin, also known as the Panamanian, red-crested or rufous-naped tamarin, is a tamarin, a type of small monkey, found in Panama and Colombia. It is predominantly black and white, with a reddish nape. Diurnal, Geoffroy's tamarin spends most of its time in trees, but does come down to the ground occasionally. It lives in groups that most often number between three and five individuals, and generally include one or more adults of each sex. It eats a variety of foods, including insects, exudates, fruits and other plant parts. Insects and fruits account for the majority of its diet, but exudates are also important. But since its teeth are not adapted for gouging trees to get to the sap, it can only eat exudates when they are easily available.
Pygmy marmosets are two species of small New World monkeys in the genus Cebuella. They are native to rainforests of the western Amazon Basin in South America. These primates are notable for being the smallest monkeys in the world, at just over 100 grams (3.5 oz). They are generally found in evergreen and river-edge forests and are gum-feeding specialists, or gummivores.
The silvery marmoset is a New World monkey that lives in the eastern Amazon Rainforest in Brazil.
The common marmoset also called white-tufted marmoset or white-tufted-ear marmoset is a New World monkey. It originally lived on the northeastern coast of Brazil, in the states of Piaui, Paraiba, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas, and Bahia. Through release of captive individuals, it has expanded its range since the 1920s to Southeast Brazil, where it became an invasive species, raising concerns about genetic pollution of similar species, such as the buffy-tufted marmoset, and predation upon bird nestlings and eggs.
The black-tufted marmoset, also known as Mico-estrela in Portuguese, is a species of New World monkey that lives primarily in the Neo-tropical gallery forests of the Brazilian Central Plateau. It ranges from Bahia to Paraná, and as far inland as Goiás, between 14 and 25 degrees south of the equator, and can commonly be seen in the City of Rio de Janeiro where it was introduced. This marmoset typically resides in rainforests, living an arboreal life high in the trees, but below the canopy. They are only rarely spotted near the ground.
The Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset, also known as the black-crowned dwarf marmoset, is a small New World monkey native to the Amazon Rainforest, on the east bank of the lower Madeira River, and the west bank of the Aripuanã River, in Brazil. It has the smallest distribution of any primate in Amazonia. This marmoset has several unique attributes, which has resulted in it sometimes being placed in the monotypic genus Callibella. However, genetic analysis has subsequently resulted in its being classified within the genus Mico.
Eosimias is a genus of early primates, first discovered and identified in 1999 from fossils collected in the Shanghuang fissure-fillings of Liyang, the southern city of Jiangsu Province, China. It is a part of the family Eosimiidae, and includes three known species: Eosimias sinensis, Eosimias centennicus, and Eosimias dawsonae. It provides us with a glimpse of a primate skeleton similar to that of the common ancestor of the Haplorhini. The name Eosimias is designed to mean "dawn monkey", from Greek eos "dawn" and Latin simius "monkey".
The golden-handed tamarin, also known as the red-handed tamarin or Midas tamarin, is a New World monkey belonging to the family Callitrichidae.
The buffy-headed marmoset is a rare species of marmoset endemic to the rainforests of south-eastern Brazil. It occurs in southern Espírito Santo and possibly northern Rio de Janeiro and its distribution extends into Minas Gerais.
The Santarem marmoset, also known as the black and white tassel-ear marmoset, is a marmoset endemic to the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Pará.
The brown-mantled tamarin, also known as Spix's saddle-back tamarin, is a species of saddle-back tamarin. This New World monkey is found in the Southern American countries of Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. This omnivorous member of the Callitrichidae family is usually found in smaller groups ranging between 4 and 15 individuals. This species communicates vocally and largely rely their olfactory system. The brown-mantled tamarin is considered as a species of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, despite a decreasing population and being threatened by poaching, habitat loss and capture for the illegal pet trade.
Mico is a genus of New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, the family containing marmosets and tamarins. The genus was formerly considered a subgenus of the genus Callithrix.
Callithrix is a genus of New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, the family containing marmosets and tamarins. The genus contains the Atlantic Forest marmosets. The name Callithrix is derived from the Greek words kallos, meaning beautiful, and thrix, meaning hair.
The Southwest Amazon moist forests (NT0166) is an ecoregion located in the Upper Amazon basin.
The Marañón white-fronted capuchin also or known as Peruvian white-fronted capuchin or Andean white-fronted capuchin is a species of gracile capuchin monkey from the upper Amazon Basin. It had been regarded as synonymous with the shock-headed capuchin, which was then considered a subspecies of Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin, but it was classified as a separate species by Mittermeier and Rylands based on genetic studies by Boubli.
The western pygmy marmoset is a marmoset species, a very small New World monkey found in the northwestern Amazon rainforest in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It was formerly regarded as conspecific with the similar eastern pygmy marmoset, which has whitish underparts. Although the western pygmy marmoset occurs further west than the eastern pygmy marmoset, the primary separators of their ranges are the Amazon River and Marañón River, with the western occurring to the north of them and the eastern to the south.