Saddle-back tamarin

Saddle-back tamarins
	Weddell's saddle-back tamarin
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Callitrichidae
Genus:	Leontocebus ; Wagner, 1840
Type species
	Leontocebus fuscus ; Lesson, 1840
Species
	10 species, see text
Synonyms
	Saguinus Hoffmannsegg, 1807; Marikina Lesson, 1840; Tamarin Gray, 1870; Tamarinus Trouessart, 1904;

Last updated December 02, 2023

The saddle-back tamarins are squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Callitrichidae in the genus or subgenus Leontocebus. They were split from the tamarin genus Saguinus based on genetic data and on the fact that saddle-back tamarins are sympatric with members of Saguinus to a greater extent than would be expected from two members of the same genus.^[1]^[2] However, this argument can be circular, as several other mammals show sympatry among congeneric species, such as armadillos (genus Dasypus), spotted cats (genus Leopardus), and fruit-eating bats (genus Artibeus).^[3] Some authors still consider Leontocebus to be a subgenus of Saguinus.^[4]

Species include:^[5]^[6]

Genus **Leontocebus** – Wagner, 1840 – ten species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin	Leontocebus cruzlimai (Hershkovitz, 1966)	Brazil	Size: Habitat: Area near the Inauini River Diet:	LC
Brown-mantled tamarin or Spix's saddle-back tamarin	Leontocebus fuscicollis (Spix, 1823) Four subspecies L. f. avilapiresi, Avila Pires' saddle-back tamarin L. f. fuscicollis, Spix's saddle-back tamarin L. f. mura, Mura's saddleback tamarin L. f. primitivus, Lako's saddleback tamarin	Bolivia, Brazil and Peru.	Size: Habitat: the Andes Mountains throughout the Amazon River Basin, they tend to inhabit primary and secondary lowland tropical forests. Diet:	LC
Lesson's saddle-back tamarin	Leontocebus fuscus (Pucheran, 1845)	Peru (Amazonas)	Size: Habitat: Diet:	NT
Illiger's saddle-back tamarin	Leontocebus illigeri (Lesson, 1840)	Colombia (Plaines de Mocoa, Putumayo, between the Rio Putumayo and Rio Caqueta), Brazil	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Red-mantled saddle-back tamarin	Leontocebus lagonotus (Jiménez de la Espada, 1870)	Ecuador and Peru	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Andean saddle-back tamarin	Leontocebus leucogenys (Gray, 1866)	Peru (Huanuco)	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Black-mantled tamarin	Leontocebus nigricollis (Spix, 1823) Three subspecies Spix's black mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis nigricollis Graells's tamarin or Graells’ black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis graellsi Hernandez-Camacho's black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis hernandezi	western Brazil, southeastern Colombia, north-eastern Peru and eastern Ecuador.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin	Leontocebus nigrifrons (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1850)	Peru	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Golden-mantled tamarin or Golden-mantled saddle-back tamarin	Leontocebus tripartitus (Milne-Edwards, 1878)	Ecuador and Peru(Amazon), Ecuador, and Northeast Peru (between the Rio Curaray and Rio Napo).	Size: Habitat: Diet:	NT
Weddell's saddle-back tamarin	Leontocebus weddelli (Deville, 1849) Three subspecies Leontocebus weddelli weddelli Crandall's saddle-back tamarin, (Leontocebus weddelli crandalli) White-mantled tamarin or White saddle-back tamarin, (Leontocebus weddelli melanoleucus)	Brazil, Bolivia and Peru	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

In some locations saddle-back tamarins live sympatrically with tamarins of the genus Sanguinus, but the saddle-back tamarins typically occupy lower strata of the forest than do the Sanguinus species.^[1] Saddle-back tamarins have longer and narrower hands than Sanguinus species, possibly adaption to differing foraging behavior, as saddle-back tamarins are more likely to search for insects that are hidden in knotholes, crevices, bromeliad tanks and leaf litter, while Sanguinus species are more likely to forage for insects that are exposed on surfaces such as leaves or branches.^[1]

Related Research Articles

The Callitrichidae are a family of New World monkeys, including marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins. At times, this group of animals has been regarded as a subfamily, called the Callitrichinae, of the family Cebidae.

Geoffroy's tamarin, also known as the Panamanian, red-crested or rufous-naped tamarin, is a tamarin, a type of small monkey, found in Panama and Colombia. It is predominantly black and white, with a reddish nape. Diurnal, Geoffroy's tamarin spends most of its time in trees, but does come down to the ground occasionally. It lives in groups that most often number between three and five individuals, and generally include one or more adults of each sex. It eats a variety of foods, including insects, plant exudates, fruits and other plant parts. Insects and fruits account for the majority of its diet, but exudates are also important. But since its teeth are not adapted for gouging trees to get to the sap, it can only eat exudates when they are easily available.

Pygmy marmosets are two species of small New World monkeys in the genus Cebuella. They are native to rainforests of the western Amazon Basin in South America. These primates are notable for being the smallest monkeys in the world, at just over 100 g (3.5 oz). They are generally found in evergreen and river-edge forests and are gum-feeding specialists, or gummivores.

The tamarins are squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Callitrichidae in the genus Saguinus. They are the first offshoot in the Callitrichidae tree, and therefore are the sister group of a clade formed by the lion tamarins, Goeldi's monkeys and marmosets.

The golden-handed tamarin, also known as the red-handed tamarin or Midas tamarin, is a New World monkey belonging to the family Callitrichidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-mantled tamarin</span> Species of New World monkey

The black-mantled tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis, is a species of saddle-back tamarin from the northwestern Amazon in far western Brazil, southeastern Colombia, north-eastern Peru and eastern Ecuador.

The brown-mantled tamarin, also known as Spix's saddle-back tamarin, is a species of saddle-back tamarin. This New World monkey is found in the Southern American countries of Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. This omnivorous member of the Callitrichidae family is usually found in smaller groups ranging between 4 and 15 individuals. This species communicates vocally and largely rely their olfactory system. The brown-mantled tamarin is considered as a species of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, despite a decreasing population and being threatened by poaching, habitat loss and capture for the illegal pet trade.

The golden-mantled tamarin is a tamarin species from South America. It is found in Ecuador and Peru, specifically in the upper Amazon (lowland), east of the Andes in Ecuador, and Northeast Peru; between the Rio Curaray and Rio Napo in Peru.

The white-mantled tamarin, Leontocebus weddelli melanoleucus, is a subspecies of Weddell's saddle-back tamarin, a tamarin monkey from South America. It is found in Brazil, between Rio Jurua and Rio Tarauacá.

The red-capped tamarin, is subspecies of moustached tamarin from South America. They are found in Brazil, on the eastern margin of the Tefé and Coari rivers. Previously recognised as a separate species, Saguinus pilatus, the red-capped tamarin was demoted to subspecies status by a taxonomic review by Rylands et al., (2016).

Mico is a genus of New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, the family containing marmosets and tamarins. The genus was formerly considered a subgenus of the genus Callithrix.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin</span> Species of New World monkey

Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin is a species of saddle-back tamarin, a type of small monkey from South America. Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the brown-mantled tamarin, L. fuscicollis. It lives in Brazil in the area near the Inauini River. Its fur is mostly reddish orange, with a black tail and white eyebrows. The IUCN rates it as least concern from a conservation standpoint.

Illiger's saddle-back tamarin is a species of saddle-back tamarin, a type of small monkey from South America. Illiger's saddle-back tamarin was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the brown-mantled tamarin, L. fuscicollis. It is closely related to the Andean saddle-back tamarin. It is endemic to the Peruvian Amazon and its type locality is in Loreto, Peru, at the left bank of the lower Rio Ucayali.

The Andean saddle-back tamarin is a species of saddle-back tamarin, a type of small monkey from South America. The Andean saddle-back tamarin was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the brown-mantled tamarin, L. fuscicollis. It is closely related to Illiger's saddle-back tamarin. It is endemic to Peru and its type locality is in the Department of Huanuco, Peru.

Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin is a species of saddle-back tamarin, a type of small monkey from South America. Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the brown-mantled tamarin, L. fuscicollis. It lives in Loreto, Peru.

Weddell's saddle-back tamarin is a species of saddle-back tamarin, a type of small monkey from South America. Weddell's saddle-back tamarin was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the brown-mantled tamarin, L. fuscicollis. It lives in Brazil, Bolivia and Peru, with the type locality being in Bolivia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lesson's saddle-back tamarin</span> Species of tamarin

Lesson's saddle-back tamarin is a species of saddle-back tamarin, a type of small monkey from South America. Lesson's saddle-back tamarin was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the brown-mantled tamarin, L. fuscicollis. Genetic analysis showed it to be more closely related to the black-mantled tamarin than to the brown-mantled tamarin. Its type locality is in Colombia, in Plaines de Mocoa, Putumayo, between the Rio Putumayo and Rio Caqueta. It also lives in Brazil.

The red-mantled saddle-back tamarin is a species of saddle-back tamarin, a type of small monkey from South America. The red-mantled saddle-back tamarin was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the brown-mantled tamarin, L. fuscicollis. It lives in Ecuador and Peru and its type locality is in Peru, near the confluence of the Amazon River and the Napo River.

References

1 2 3 Rylands, Anthony B.; Eckhard W. Heymann; Jessica Lynch Alfaro; Janet C. Buckner; Christian Roos; Christian Matauschek; Jean P. Boubli; Ricardo Sampaio; Russell A. Mittermeier (2016). "Taxonomic Review of the New World Tamarins (Primates: Callitrichidae)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (4): 1003–1028. doi:10.1111/zoj.12386 . Retrieved 2020-04-19.
↑ Buckner, JC; Lynch Alfaro, JW; Rylands, AB; Alfaro, ME (2015). "Biogeography of the marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae)". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 82 Pt B: 413–425. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.031. PMID 24857784.
↑ Gardner, Alfred L., ed. (1 March 2008). Mammals of South America, Volume 1: Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-28240-4. OCLC 644361912.
↑ Garbino, Guilherme S.T.; Martins-Junior, Antonio M.G. (2018). "Phenotypic evolution in marmoset and tamarin monkeys (Cebidae, Callitrichinae) and a revised genus-level classification". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 118: 156–171. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.002 . PMID 28989098.
↑ "Leontocebus Wagner, 1840". ITIS. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
↑ "Leontocebus". American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 2020-04-19.

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[rylands-1] 1 2 3 Rylands, Anthony B.; Eckhard W. Heymann; Jessica Lynch Alfaro; Janet C. Buckner; Christian Roos; Christian Matauschek; Jean P. Boubli; Ricardo Sampaio; Russell A. Mittermeier (2016). "Taxonomic Review of the New World Tamarins (Primates: Callitrichidae)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (4): 1003–1028. doi:10.1111/zoj.12386 . Retrieved 2020-04-19.

[2] Buckner, JC; Lynch Alfaro, JW; Rylands, AB; Alfaro, ME (2015). "Biogeography of the marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae)". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 82 Pt B: 413–425. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.031. PMID 24857784.

[Gardner2008-3] Gardner, Alfred L., ed. (1 March 2008). Mammals of South America, Volume 1: Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-28240-4. OCLC 644361912.

[Garbino2018-4] Garbino, Guilherme S.T.; Martins-Junior, Antonio M.G. (2018). "Phenotypic evolution in marmoset and tamarin monkeys (Cebidae, Callitrichinae) and a revised genus-level classification". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 118: 156–171. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.002 . PMID 28989098.

[5] "Leontocebus Wagner, 1840". ITIS. Retrieved 2020-04-19.

[mdd-6] "Leontocebus". American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 2020-04-19.

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