Elaeocarpus lanceifolius

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Elaeocarpus lanceifolius
Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Com la thon, Com bong, Com la dao.JPG
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Oxalidales
Family: Elaeocarpaceae
Genus: Elaeocarpus
Species:
E. lanceifolius
Binomial name
Elaeocarpus lanceifolius
Synonyms [2]

Elaeocarpus serrulatus Benth.

Elaeocarpus lanceifolius is a tree species in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is found across tropical Asia from Thailand to Yunnan to Nepal to Karnataka, India. It is used for its wood (construction, firewood, charcoal), fruit (food and medicine), and nuts (jewellery, rosaries).

Contents

Description

A tall evergreen tree up to 20m tall with gray-black bark and a dense crown. [3] [4] [5] Some of its distinctive features [3] are: glabrous branchlets; cuneate, more-or-less decurrent leaf bases; and leaves possessing 7 or 8 lateral veins per side with veinlets sparse. Flowers bisexual, white, with a 3-4 x 2-2.5 cm ovoid green drupe that has an inconspicuous exocarp and a bony, conspiculously verrucose endocarp, 1-loculed. The seeds are around 2 cm. It flowers from June to July and fruits from July to September in China. April to June is the flowering season in India, with fruit appearing July to September.

Distribution

The plant is found in: Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; China (northwest Yunnan); Laos; Myanmar; East Himalaya; India (Manipur, Nagaland, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka); Bangladesh; Bhutan, and eastern Nepal. [2] [3] [5]

Habitat

In Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam it is found in secondary or flooded forests. [6] On the Bokor Plateau of Preah Monivong Bokor National Park, Cambodia, the plant is found in sclerophyllous stunted forest on rocky sandy soil near the Bokor Hill Station at the top of the plateau, around 1055m. [7] The tree occurs in Yunnan at altitudes of 2300-2600m. [3] In the Himalayas it grows at elevations up to 2000m, while in Nepal it occurs in open areas between 1000 and 1800m. [4] Moist evergreen forests between 1000 and 2600m are the habitats in India. [5] Amongst the edible trees of the Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal, it is a frequently-found taxa. [8]

Vernacular Names

Common names of Elaeocarpus lanceifolius include: srakûm kach', rumdé:nh tük (Khmer); [6] côm bộng (côm = Elaeocarpus), côm lá thon, côm lá đào (Vietnamese); [9] [ circular reference ] 披针叶杜英, pi zhen ye du ying (Standard Chinese); [3] badrayo (West Bengal). [8]

Uses

The wood of the tree is used in Cambodia for internal work timber in construction and is often collected for firewood. [6] It is a source of wood and charcoal in Bhutan (, [10] citing Grierson and Long, see Literature). On the Indian subcontent, the wood is used in construction (including houses), for tea-boxes and for charcoal, the fruit is eaten, and the nuts are used for bracelets, necklaces and rosaries. [4] [5] Amongst inhabitants of Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal, the fruit is consumed cooked, and is sometimes used for the remission of high blood pressure. [8] Nepalese use the wood for charcoal and eat the fruit. [4]

Mearnsetin is an O-methylated flavonol that can be found in E. lanceofolius. [11]

History

The tree was first described [1] by William Roxburgh in his 1814 Hortus Bengalensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta. Serampore, [12] [13] for what was the East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta, now Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden in Kolkata.

Literature

Additional information can be found in the following: [2] [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Roxburgh</span> Scottish surgeon and botanist (1751–1815)

William Roxburgh FRSE FRCPE FLS was a Scottish surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India, describing species and working on economic botany. He is known as the founding father of Indian botany. He published numerous works on Indian botany, illustrated by careful drawings made by Indian artists and accompanied by taxonomic descriptions of many plant species. Apart from the numerous species that he named, many species were named in his honour by his collaborators.

<i>Elaeocarpus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Elaeocarpus is a genus of nearly five hundred species of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae native to the Western Indian Ocean, Tropical and Subtropical Asia, and the Pacific. Plants in the genus Elaeocarpus are trees or shrubs with simple leaves, flowers with four or five petals usually, and usually blue fruit.

<i>Aglaia spectabilis</i> Species of tree found near the Pacific and Indian coasts

Aglaia spectabilis is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae, found from the Santa Cruz Islands in the southwest Pacific to Queensland (Australia), Southeast Asia, Yunnan (Zhōngguó/China) and the Indian subcontinent. It grows from a 1m shrub to an emergent 40m tall tree, depending on the habitat. Its wood is commercially exploited as timber, but otherwise is of poor quality with limited use. The fruit are eaten, and used in folk medicine. The seeds are large in comparison to other plants, and a major source of dispersal of the species are hornbills eating the fruit, flying away from the tree and regurgitating the seeds.

<i>Campylospermum serratum</i> Species of shrub or tree

Campylospermum serratum is a plant in the family Ochnaceae. The specific epithet serratum is from the Latin meaning "with teeth", referring to the leaf margin. It is found in Tropical Asia, from Sulawesi, Indonesia to Hainan, Zhōngguó/China and over to southwester India. Gomphia serrata was a previous common name for the species. The plant is used for it wood and its sap is used in folk medicine and in the past for teeth-blackening.

<i>Elaeocarpus angustifolius</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae

Elaeocarpus angustifolius is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and occurs from India to New Caledonia and northern Australia. Common synonyms are E. ganitrus and E. sphaericus. It is a large evergreen tree, often with buttress roots, and has leaves with wavy serrations, creamy white flowers and more or less spherical bright blue drupe fruit. In English, the tree is known as utrasum bean tree in India. In Sri Lanka recorded names are woodenbegar and Indian bead tree. It is simply known as elaeocarpus in the Northern Territory of Australia. Other names used for this tree in Australia are Indian oil fruit and genitri. In Hawaii it is known as a blue marble tree.

<i>Elaeocarpus serratus</i> Species of plant in the Elaeocarpaceae family


Elaeocarpus serratus is a tropical flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is a medium to large tree, with white flowers. It has a disjunctive distribution, with the species occurring in Sri Lanka and southern India, and in Assam, Bangladesh and other parts in the north of the Indian subcontinent. The fruit is commonly eaten, and people also use the plant for ornamental, religious and folk-medicinal purposes. There are historical records of traditional-medicine use of the plant. Paradoxurus jerdoni consumes parts of the tree.

<i>Elaeocarpus joga</i> Species of plant

Elaeocarpus joga is a species of tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is native to the Mariana Islands and Palau. It is a moderately-sized tree with blue-coloured, round, 1.5cm diameter fruit and leaves which turn bright red before they senescence.

<i>Phyllanthus tenellus</i> Species of flowering plant

Phyllanthus tenellus is a herbaceous plant in the leafflower family, Phyllanthaceae. It is commonly called Mascarene Island leaf flower as it is native to the Mascarene Islands. It is often a weed in flower beds, gardens, roadsides, and other disturbed areas.

Plectocomia pierreana is a species of liana in the Arecaceae, or palm tree, family. It is a spiny climber, with either a single stem or a cluster of stems up to 35 m in length, stems are 1 to 9 cm in diameter. Its spines are up to 2 cm long.

Calamus latifolius is a climbing plant, part of a subfamily, Calamoideae, whose members are usually called rattans in English, they are part of the Arecaceae, or palm, family.

<i>Dillenia pentagyna</i> Species of flowering plant

A small tree with tortuous twigs, Dillenia pentagyna is a member of the family Dilleniaceae, and is found from Sulawesi to South-Central China to India and Sri Lanka. Material from the tree has some minor uses.

<i>Elaeocarpus griffithii</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae

Elaeocarpus griffithii is a tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is found in parts of Island and Mainland Southeast Asia. It is used in construction, as firewood and in dyeing.

Elaeocarpus thorelii is a tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae, endemic to Cambodia, and used for its wood.

Elaeocarpus stipularis is a tree in the Elaeocarpaceae family. It is found from the Aru Islands, eastern Indonesia, to Philippines, and through Mainland Southeast Asia to Odisha, India. It has edible fruit, its wood is used and some medical uses are ascribed to it.

Helicia nilagirica is a tree of the Proteaceae family. It grows from Thailand across Mainland Southeast Asia to Yunnan, Zhōngguó/China and over to Nepal. It is a source of wood, a pioneer reafforestation taxa, and an ethnomedicinal plant.

Neonauclea sessilifolia is a tree species in the Rubiaceae family. It is found in Taiwan, and then from Yunnan, Zhōngguó/China, to Southeast Asia and northeastern India.

Strychnos nux-blanda is a shrub or small tree in the Loganiaceae family. It is native to Southeast Asia and Assam. The wood is used as fuel; seeds are toxic, but used in folk-medicine. It is one of the plants featured in the garden of King Narai (1633–88) at Lopburi, Thailand.

<i>Syzygium claviflorum</i> Species of shrub in the Myrtaceae family from Northern Australia and Tropical and Subtropical Asia

Syzygium claviflorum is a tree in the Myrtaceae family. It is native to the north of the Australian continent and in tropical and subtropical Asia. It is used for timber, as fuel, as human and cattle food, and for dye. Stunted specimens can be found on the top of the plateau of Bokor National Park, Cambodia.

<i>Xanthophyllum lanceatum</i> Species of tree in the Polygalaceae family from Southeast Asia

Xanthophyllum lanceatum is a tree in the Polygalaceae family. It grows across Southeast Asia from Sumatera to Bangladesh. The leaves are used as a hops-substitute in beer making and the wood as fuel. Fish in the Mekong regularly eat the fruit, flowers and leaves.

<i>Phytolacca acinosa</i> Species of plant

Phytolacca acinosa, the Indian pokeweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Phytolaccaceae. It is native to temperate eastern Asia; the Himalayas, most of China, Vietnam to Japan, and has been widely introduced to Europe. The species was originally described by William Roxburgh in 1814.

References

  1. 1 2 "Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 598". International Plant Name Index (IPNI). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 "Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "FOC: Family List: FOC Vol. 12: Elaeocarpaceae: Elaeocarpus 29. Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 2: 598. 1832". Flora of China. eFloras.org. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Elaeocarpus lanceaefolius - Roxb". Plants For A Future. Plants For A Future. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Meitei, Laishram Ricky; Khuraijam, Jibankumar Singh (2019). "THE GENUS ELAEOCARPUS (ELAEOCARPACEAE) IN NORTHEAST INDIA" (PDF). NeBIO. 10 (1, March): 23–8. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 Pauline Dy Phon (2000). Plants Utilised In Cambodia/Plantes utilisées au Cambodge. Phnom Penh: Imprimerie Olympic. pp. 14, 15.
  7. ↑ RUNDEL, Philip W.; MIDDLETON, David J. (2017). "The flora of the Bokor Plateau, southeastern Cambodia: a homage to Pauline Dy Phon" (PDF). Cambodian Journal of Natural History (1): 17–37. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  8. 1 2 3 Mukherjee, Sahana; Chaturvedi, S. S. (2016). "Uitilization of Wild Edible Trees in Fringe Area of Neora-Valley National Park, Darjeeling" (PDF). International Conference on Agriculture, Food Science, Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dynamics: The Technology, People and Sustainable Development. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  9. ↑ "Côm bộng". WikipediA tiếng Việt. Wikipedia. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  10. 1 2 "Taxon: Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb". GRIN. USDA. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  11. ↑ Flavonoids of Elaeocarpus lanceofolius. AB Ray, SC Dutta and S Dasgupta, Phytochemistry, Volume 15, Issue 11, 1976, pages 1797-1798, doi : 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97498-3
  12. ↑ "Hortus Bengalensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta. Serampore". International Plant Name Index (IPNI). The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  13. ↑ "Hortus Bengalensis : or, A catalogue of the plants growing in the ... Botanic Garden at ..." Biodiversity Heritage Library. biodiversitylibrary.org. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
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