Eleutherodactylus amadeus

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Eleutherodactylus amadeus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Eleutherodactylidae
Genus: Eleutherodactylus
Subgenus: Euhyas
Species:
E. amadeus
Binomial name
Eleutherodactylus amadeus
Hedges, Thomas, and Franz, 1987

Eleutherodactylus amadeus, also known as Mozart's frog [2] or Haitian robber frog, [3] is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to the Massif de la Hotte, southwestern Haiti. [3] After not having been seen after 1991, the species was reported again in 2011. [2]

Contents

Etymology

Audiospectrogram of a single four-note call Eleutherodactylus amadeus.JPG
Audiospectrogram of a single four-note call

Eleutherodactylus amadeus is named after the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart "for the remarkable resemblance of the wide-band audiospectrogram of this species to musical notes." [4]

Description

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Eleutherodactylus amadeus is only known from the Massif de la Hotte (marker) at 1,000–2,340m ASL

Males measure on average 18.7 mm (0.74 in) and females 23.4 mm (0.92 in) in snout–vent length. [4] The maximum length is 25 mm (0.98 in). [2] The dorsum is smooth. The dorsal pattern is variable; the most common patterns are reverse parentheses [")("], unpatterned, and narrow middorsal stripe combined with long dorsolateral stripes. [4]

Reproduction

Male advertisement call is a single four-note call, emitted from low herbaceous vegetation or from the ground. Similar two-note calls have been heard in late afternoon and early evening, although there is no certainty that they belong to this species. After darkness, only four-note calls are heard. Egg cluster have been found under objects on the ground. Clutch size is 11–12; egg clusters might contain eggs from more than one female. [4] The development is direct (i.e., without free-living tadpole stage). [1] The hatchlings measure 4.2–4.4 mm (0.17–0.17 in). [4]

Habitat and conservation

Its natural habitat is closed-canopy forest at elevations of 1,000–2,340 m (3,280–7,680 ft) above sea level. In daytime they hide under rocks and logs. Males can be heard calling in the early evening from low herbaceous vegetation. [1]

It is threatened by habitat loss, primarily caused by logging (for charcoaling) and slash-and-burn agriculture. It occurs in the Pic Macaya National Park. However, there is no active management for conservation, and habitat loss continues in the park. [1] After not having been seen after 1991, the species was rediscovered during an expedition that was part of the Conservation International’s global search for "lost frogs". The finding was announced in early 2011. [2]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Eleutherodactylus glandulifer</i> Species of amphibian

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Eleutherodactylus lamprotes is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae endemic to the Massif de la Hotte, Haiti. Its common name is Castillon robber frog. The specific name refers to its contrasting colour patterns.

The spiny giant frog or Norton's robber frog is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is named after James W. Norton who accompanied Albert Schwartz in his 1974 expedition to Hispaniola and collected the holotype.

<i>Eleutherodactylus oxyrhyncus</i> Species of frog

Eleutherodactylus oxyrhyncus is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Hispaniola and known from the Massif de la Hotte and Massif de la Selle, occurring in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The common name is rednose robber frog.

Eleutherodactylus parapelates is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to the Massif de la Hotte in southwestern Haiti. Common names Casillon robber frog and Macaya burrowing frog have been proposed for it.

Eleutherodactylus sciagraphus is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Haiti and only known from near its type locality at an elevation of 1,060–1,080 m (3,480–3,540 ft) asl in the Massif de la Hotte. Its specific name refers to its heavily barred hindlimbs. Its common name is Sud robber frog.

<i>Eleutherodactylus semipalmatus</i> Species of frog

Eleutherodactylus semipalmatus is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Haiti and known from the Massif de la Hotte and Massif de la Selle. Its common name is foothill robber frog. Its natural habitat is streams and their vicinity in mesic hardwood forest at elevations of 303–1,697 m (994–5,568 ft) asl.

<i>Eleutherodactylus thorectes</i> Species of amphibian

Eleutherodactylus thorectes is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Haiti and known from the Massif de la Hotte at high elevations. Specifically, it is known from Pic Macaya and Pic Formon at elevations of 1,700–2,340 m (5,580–7,680 ft) asl. Its natural habitats are closed pine montane forest and cloud forest with shrubs, tree ferns, bromeliads, and climbing bamboo. With a snout-vent length of 12–15 mm, this slightly arboreal species is one of the smallest of the world's frogs. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by charcoal logging and agriculture. It is known from the Pic Macaya National Park, but habitat degradation is occurring in the park too.

Eleutherodactylus ventrilineatus is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Haiti and only known from the Pic Macaya and Pic Formon at elevations of 1,700–2,340 m (5,580–7,680 ft) asl. Its natural habitats are open areas in montane closed pine and cloud forests. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by logging and agriculture. It is known from the Pic Macaya National Park, but habitat degradation is occurring in the park too.

Eleutherodactylus wetmorei is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Blair Hedges, Richard Thomas, Robert Powell (2004). "Eleutherodactylus amadeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2004: e.T56409A11471744. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T56409A11471744.en . Retrieved 16 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Mozart and ventriloquial frogs sound a note of hope and warning for Haiti's recovery". IUCN. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  3. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Eleutherodactylus amadeus Hedges, Thomas, and Franz, 1987". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History . Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Hedges, S. Blair; Thomas, Richard; Franz, Richard (1987). "A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura, Eleutherodactylidae) from the Massif de la Hotte, Haiti" (PDF). Copeia . 1987 (4): 943–949. doi:10.2307/1445557. JSTOR   1445557.
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