Emma Terho

Last updated

Emma Terho
Paaministeri Rinteen ja KOK n puheenjohtaja Bachin tapaaminen 19.11.2019 (49089457066).jpg
Terho representing the IOC Athletes' Commission in 2019
Personal information
Birth nameEmma Kristiina Laaksonen
Born (1981-12-17) 17 December 1981 (age 42)
Washington, D.C., United States
Home town Espoo, Uusimaa, Finland
Education MSc in Economics, Aalto University 2013
BBA in Finance, Ohio State University 2004
OccupationIce hockey executive
Ice hockey career
Height 159 cm (5 ft 3 in)
Weight 60 kg (132 lb; 9 st 6 lb)
Position Defense
Played for Ohio State Buckeyes
SKIF Nizhny Novgorod
Espoo Blues
National teamFlag of Finland.svg  Finland
Playing career 19972017
Medal record
Olympic Games
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2010 Vancouver Ice hockey
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 1998 Nagano Ice hockey
World Championship
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2009 Finland
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2008 China
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2004 Canada
Bronze medal icon (B initial).svg 2000 Canada

Emma Kristiina Laaksonen Terho (born 17 December 1981) is a Finnish ice hockey executive, retired defenceman and the current Chair of the IOC Athletes' Commission. [1] She previously served as general manager of Kiekko-Espoo Naiset in the Naisten Liiga. [2] At the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano she became the youngest Winter Olympian to medal for Finland, winning a bronze medal at the age of 16 years 54 days. [3] [4]

Contents

Playing career

Ohio State University

Terho played college ice hockey with the Ohio State Buckeyes women's ice hockey program while attending Ohio State University (OSU) during 2000 to 2004. In the 2001–02 season she was the first women's ice hockey player from Ohio State to earn All-American honors when she was named to the 2001–02 Jofa/American Hockey Coaches Association (AHCA) Second Team All-American [5] and was a top-10 finalist for the Patty Kazmaier Award. [6]

On 11 October 2008, Terho became the first women's hockey player to have her Buckeye number retired. [7] The retirement ceremony occurred prior to an Ohio State vs. Purdue University football game at Ohio Stadium, where Terho was recognized on the field at the 50-yard line. She was inducted into the Ohio State Athletics Hall of Fame on 25 September 2009. [8] [9]

Espoo Blues, 2004–2007

In Finland she played with the Espoo Blues Naiset, with whom she won the Finnish Championship eight times (1999, 2000, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2014, and 2015). With the Espoo Blues she won three Finnish Championship bronze medals (1997, 1998, and 2006). [10]

SKIF Nizhny Novgorod

In the 2007–08 season Terho played in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia with SKIF of the Russian Women's Hockey League (RWHL). Three other Finnish players, forwards Kati Kovalainen, Karoliina Rantamäki, and Nora Tallus, also played for SKIF in that season. The team won the 2008 Russian Women's Hockey League Championship. [11]

Espoo, 2008–2017

Terho returned to the Espoo Blues after the 2007-08 season in Russia. The 2008-09 season was very successful, both personally and for the team. Terho set a career high for assists with 32 and ended the regular season with an impressive 34 points in just 19 games. [12]

International play

Terho with Naisleijonat in 2009 Emma Laaksonen.jpg
Terho with Naisleijonat in 2009

As a member of the Finnish national ice hockey team, Terho was a five-time Winter Olympian and two time Olympic bronze medalist. In the inaugural Olympic women's ice hockey tournament at the 1998 Olympics, she was the youngest player on the bronze medal winning Finnish team, at 16 years and 54 days. [13] She served as Finland's captain in the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, at which she won her second Olympic bronze medal, and as an alternate captain in the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

Terho also represented Finland at eight IIHF Women's World Championships, winning bronze medals at the tournaments in 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2009, in addition to participating at the tournaments in 2001, 2005, 2007, and 2013. She was selected to the Media All-Star team at the 2008 tournament. [14]

Sports administration

Terho became involved in the administrative aspect of sport as a member of the Student Athlete Board during her junior and senior years at Ohio State University (2002–2004). In 2006, after graduating and returning to Finland to play in the Naisten SM-sarja, she became a member of the Finnish Olympic Committee. In 2011 as part of the IIHF Ambassador and Mentor Program (AMP) she became an Athlete Ambassador to Kazakhstan with the directive to use her experience at Olympic Games, World Championships, and other high level women's ice hockey programs to help build the women's game in her designated country. [15] As her playing career wound down, Terho ramped up her involvement in Finnish sports administration and became an influential and important player in that sphere. [16]

At the 2018 Winter Olympics, Terho was elected for an eight-year term as a member of the IOC Athletes' Commission, with the largest share of votes of all candidates put forward. The election also made her an International Olympic Committee Member. On 6 August 2021, at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Terho was elected as the new Chair of the IOC Athletes' Commission. She replaced outgoing Chair Kirsty Coventry, who had served as Chair since 2018 and had remained in role for an additional year beyond her eight-year term to help maintain the IOC Athletes’ Commission's work during the COVID-19 pandemic, following the postponement of the 2020 Olympic Games. [17]

Administrative titles and roles

Personal life

Terho's mother is Vappu Viertola and her father is Jukka Laaksonen  [ fi ], a physicist and leading expert in the fields of nuclear energy and radiation safety; he served as Director General of the Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority during 1997 to 2012. [21] Terho was born on 17 December 1981 in Washington, D.C., where her father had been invited to survey and improve nuclear safety in the United States following the Three Mile Island accident in 1979. [22]

Terho holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in Finance from Ohio State University (2004) and a Masters of Science in Economics from the Helsinki School of Economics at Aalto University (2013). [23] She began her career in finance while still an active ice hockey player, serving as a fixed income trader for Pohjola Bank from 2006 to 2013. Beginning in 2014, Terho served as a product manager for fixed income products at OP-Pohjola Financial Group.

Her husband, Teemu Terho, also works in banking. They have two children, born in 2012 and 2014.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

Regular season Playoffs
Season TeamLeagueGP G A Pts PIM GPGAPtsPIM
1996-97 Kiekko-Espoo Naisten SM-sarja 24358840222
1997-98Kiekko-EspooNaisten SM-sarja23336440004
1998-99 Espoo Blues Naisten SM-sarja23268861014
1999-00Espoo BluesNaisten SM-sarja257714461344
2000-01 Ohio State Buckeyes NCAA 3419183710
2001-02Ohio State BuckeyesNCAA256152110
2002-03Ohio State BuckeyesNCAA316152114
2003-04Ohio State BuckeyesNCAA353161912
2004-05Espoo BluesNaisten SM-sarja1961117850220
2005-06Espoo BluesNaisten SM-sarja22410141653144
2006-07Espoo BluesNaisten SM-sarja17311141070662
2007-08 SKIF Nizhny Novgorod RWHL
2008-09Espoo BluesNaisten SM-sarja1923234663366
2009-10Espoo BluesNaisten SM-sarja18811191212291112
2010-11Espoo BluesNaisten SM-sarja25929381641346
2011-12Espoo BluesNaisten SM-sarja20000
2012-13Espoo BluesNaisten SM-sarja21222241092574
2013-14Espoo BluesNaisten SM-sarja2252227630440
2014-15Espoo BluesNaisten SM-sarja20220
2015-16did not play
2016-17 Espoo United Naisten SM-sarja1011050224
2018-19Espoo Blues Naisten Liiga 10110
NCAA totals12534649846
Naisten SM-sarja totals261541722261087813405352

Club tournaments

YearTeamEventRankGP G A Pts PIM
2004 Espoo Blues EWCC 4th30220
2005 Espoo BluesEWCCSilver medal icon.svg31122
2009 Espoo BluesEWCCBronze medal icon.svg30226
2010 Espoo BluesEWCCSilver medal icon.svg32242
2014 Espoo BluesEWCCBronze medal icon.svg632512
2015 Espoo BluesEWCCBronze medal icon.svg30112
Totals216101624

International

YearTeamEventResultGPGAPtsPIM
1998 Finland OG Bronze medal icon.svg40002
2000 Finland WW Bronze medal icon.svg50002
2001 FinlandWW4th50114
2002 FinlandOG4th51122
2004 FinlandWWBronze medal icon.svg50112
2005 FinlandWW4th50112
2006 FinlandOG4th51018
2007 FinlandWW4th500010
2008 FinlandWWBronze medal icon.svg51340
2009 FinlandWWBronze medal icon.svg50224
2010 FinlandOGBronze medal icon.svg50002
2013 FinlandWW4th60004
2014 FinlandOG5th600012
Totals66391254

Sources: [24] [25] [26] [27] [28]

Awards and honours

AwardYear or Season
International
Olympic Bronze Medal 1998, 2010
World Championship Bronze Medal 2000, 2004, 2008, 2009
World Championship Best Defenceman 2000
World Championship All-Star Team 2008
Finland
Finnish Championship Bronze Medal1996–97, 1997–98, 2005–06
Aurora Borealis Cup Champion1998–99, 1999–2000, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2012–13, 2013–14
Finnish Player of the Year in Women's Ice Hockey2002, 2006
European Champions Cup Best Defenceman 2005, 2010
Päivi Halonen Award (NSMs Best Defenseman)2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11
Naisten SM-sarja All-Star Team 2008–09, 2010–11
Finnish Championship Silver Medal2016–17
Suomen Jääkiekkoleijona #255
Inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame Finland
2019
Ohio State Buckeyes
WCHA Rookie of the WeekWeek of 6 March 2001 [29]
NCAA Power-Play Goals Champion2001
OSU Scholar Athlete2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
WCHA Defensive Player of the WeekWeek of 20 November 2001 [30]
Week of 11 December 2001 [31]
Week of 9 December 2002 [32]
Patty Kazmaier Award Top-10 Finalist2001–02
AHCA All-America Second Team2001–02
WCHA All-Conference Second Team2001–02
WCHA All-Star2001–02
WCHA All-Academic Team2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04
CoSIDA/ESPN At-Large Academic All-District IV Team2002–03, 2003–04
AWHCA Scholar All-American2002–03, 2003–04
WCHA Student-Athlete of the Year 2003–04
WCHA Postgraduate Scholarship2005
Number retired by Ohio State Buckeyes 2008
Inducted to the Ohio State Varsity O Hall of Fame 2009

Sources: [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38]

Records

NCAA

Records valid through 2021–22 NCAA season. [35]

Season

Single-game

WCHA

Records valid through 2022–23 NCAA season. [39] [40]

Career

Season

Single-game

Ohio State Buckeyes

Records valid through 2022–23 Ohio State Buckeyes women's ice hockey season . [33] [41]

Career

Season

Single-game

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kiekko-Espoo Naiset</span> Naisten Liiga ice hockey club in Espoo, Finland

Kiekko-Espoo Naiset are an ice hockey team in the Naisten Liiga. They play in the Tapiola district of Espoo, Finland at the harjoitusareena of the Tapiolan urheilupuisto. The team was founded as Espoon Kiekkoseura (EKS) in 1989 and has also been known as Espoo Blues Naiset and Espoo United Naiset during its tenure in the Naisten Liiga. Kiekko-Espoo have won the Aurora Borealis Cup as the Finnish Champions in women's ice hockey sixteen times, six more wins than any other team in league history; at least one Finnish Championship medal was won under each of the four names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jenny Schmidgall-Potter</span> American ice hockey player (born 1979)

Jennifer Lynn Schmidgall-Potter is an American ice hockey player. She is a member of the United States women's national ice hockey team. She won a gold medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics, silver medals at the 2002 Winter Olympics and 2010 Winter Olympics, and a bronze medal at the 2006 Winter Olympics. After, she plays for the Minnesota Whitecaps of the Western Women's Hockey League, where she won the league championship and was named MVP for the 2008–09 season. She was selected to the 2010 US Olympic team and was the only mother on the team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tessa Bonhomme</span> Former Canadian professional ice hockey player

Tessa Bonhomme is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and is a television sports reporter for The Sports Network (TSN). She was an Olympic gold medallist as a member of the Canadian national women's hockey team and played for the Toronto Furies in the Canadian Women's Hockey League. She was also co-captain of the Ohio State Buckeyes women's ice hockey team in the NCAA.

Sanna Kristiina Lankosaari is a Finnish ice hockey coach and retired player. She most recently served as head coach of Oulun Kärpät Naiset in the Naisten Liiga (NSML) during the 2022–23 season and part of the 2023–24 season.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Noora Räty</span> Finnish ice hockey goaltender and coach

Noora Helena Räty is a Finnish ice hockey goaltender and the goaltending coach of Shenzhen KRS in the Chinese Women's Ice Hockey League. She was a founding board member of the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA) and was a member of the board affiliated with the Minnesota chapter of the organization until signing a Premier Hockey Federation (PHF) contract with the Metropolitan Riveters in May 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hilary Knight (ice hockey)</span> American ice hockey player (born 1989)

Hilary Atwood Knight is an American ice hockey forward and captain of Boston of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). She is also a member of the United States women's national ice hockey team. She previously played for the Les Canadiennes de Montréal of the CWHL and the Boston Pride of the NWHL, with whom she won the inaugural Isobel Cup.

Nina Minttu Maria Tikkinen is a Finnish retired ice hockey player. She played with the Finnish national team from 2004 until 2014 and won bronze medals at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games and at the 2008 and 2009 IIHF Women's World Championships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minttu Tuominen</span> Finnish ice hockey player

Minnamari "Minttu" Tuominen is a Finnish ice hockey player, currently playing in the Naisten Liiga (NSML) with Kiekko-Espoo. A member of the Finnish national ice hockey team since 2008, she has earned medals at three Winter Olympic Games and five IIHF World Women's Championships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ohio State Buckeyes women's ice hockey</span> College ice hockey team

The Ohio State Buckeyes women's ice hockey team represents Ohio State University in NCAA Division I competition in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) conference. The team plays in Columbus, Ohio at The Ohio State Ice Rink, located on the Ohio State campus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jenni Hiirikoski</span> Finnish ice hockey player (born 1987)

Jenni Hiirikoski is a Finnish ice hockey player and captain of the Finnish national team and Luleå HF/MSSK in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Natalie Spooner</span> Canadian ice hockey player

Natalie Marie Spooner is a Canadian professional ice hockey player for PWHL Toronto of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) and a member of the Canadian national women's team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jincy Roese</span> American ice hockey player

Jincy Rose Roese is an American women's professional ice hockey player for PWHL Ottawa of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) and a member of the United States national team. She represented the USA at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Vilma Tanskanen is a Finnish retired ice hockey player. As a member of the Finnish national team, she won a bronze medal at the 2015 IIHF Women's World Championship and played in the 2016 IIHF Women's World Championship and the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.

Emma Nuutinen is a Finnish ice hockey player, currently playing in the Naisten Liiga (NSML) with Kiekko-Espoo. As a member of the Finnish women's national ice hockey team, she participated in both the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics and won bronze at the 2018 Olympic Games.

Sara Säkkinen is a Finnish ice hockey forward, currently playing in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL) with Djurgårdens IF Hockey Dam. Her college ice hockey career was spent with the Ohio State Buckeyes women's ice hockey program in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) conference of the NCAA Division I.

Nelli Laitinen is a Finnish ice hockey player and member of the Finnish national team, currently playing in the college ice hockey with the Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey program.

The Emma Laaksonen Award is an ice hockey trophy awarded by the Finnish Ice Hockey Association to the fair play player of the year of the Naisten Liiga, called the Naisten SM-sarja until 2017. The award recognizes a player who best contributes to the scoring of their team while "playing fair," that is to say, while incurring very few penalty minutes. Winners typically exceed one point per game and are issued fewer than ten penalty minutes (PIM) over a full season.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emma Maltais</span> Canadian ice hockey player (born 1999)

Emma Maltais is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward for PWHL Toronto of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) and member of Canada women's national ice hockey team.

Jacqueline M. Barto (née Gladu) is an American former ice hockey coach. She was the first and only women's hockey coach for the Ohio State Buckeyes women's ice hockey team. At the time of her retirement in 2011, Barto had coached more than 500 games in her career and ranked eighth in career victories among NCAA Division I coaches. Barto’s final record at OSU was 248–272–52, a .433 winning percentage.

References

  1. Merk, Martin (6 August 2021). "Terho to chair IOC Athletes' Commission". International Ice Hockey Federation . Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  2. "Naisten Liiga 2019-2020 – Kokoonpano K-Espoo – Joukkueen Toimihenkilöt". tilastopalvelu.fi (in Finnish). Finnish Ice Hockey Association . Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  3. "Emma Terho (FIN) - Member of the IOC Athletes Commission". FIM-Women. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  4. "Emma Laaksonen a star for Ohio State and native Finland". Ohio State Buckeyes. 24 September 2003. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  5. "2001-2002 All-Americans". American Hockey Coaches Association . Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  6. "Recipients". Patty Kazmaier Award. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  7. "Olympians!". Ohio State University. 3 February 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  8. Gordon, K. (24 June 2009). "Redd, Katzenmoyer head Hall of Fame class". The Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  9. Amadon, Brett (16 January 2014). "3 former Ohio State women's hockey players set for Sochi Winter Olympics". The Lantern. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  10. "IIHF Athlete Ambassador: Emma (Laaksonen) Terho". International Ice Hockey Federation . Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  11. "Emma Terho: Somehow I will be always involved in hockey!". IceQueens.rs. 3 February 2018. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  12. Tammilehto, Teemu (22 February 2018). "Naisleijonien ex-kapteeni Emma Terho valittiin KOK:n urheilijajäseneksi – "Täällä kisoissa sen on tajunnut, miten iso juttu valinta on"" [Former Naisleijonat captain Emma Terho selected as member of the IOC Athletes' Commission - "Being here at the Games, I've realized how significant of a thing this selection is."]. Yle Urheilu (in Finnish). Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  13. "Finland Ice Hockey at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games | Olympics at". Sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  14. Podnieks, Andrew; Nordmark, Birger, eds. (2019). IIHF Guide & Record Book 2020. Toronto: Moydart. p. 679. ISBN   9780986796470.
  15. "IIHF Ambassador and Mentor Program: Ambassadors". International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) . 16 June 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  16. Rowbottom, Mike (31 March 2019). "Bigger and better than ever before – the IIHF Women's World Championships in Espoo are about to begin". Inside the Games. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  17. 1 2 "IOC Athletes' Commission elects Emma Terho as new Chair and Seung Min Ryu as new Vice-Chair - Olympic News". International Olympic Committee (Press release). 6 August 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  18. "Ms Emma Terho - Finnish Olympic Committee, IOC Member since 2018". Olympics.com . 9 April 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  19. "Emma Terho elected - Finn joins IOC Athletes' Commission". International Ice Hockey Federation . 18 February 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  20. "Emma Terho (Finland, Ice Hockey)". Athlete365 . Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  21. Behr, Peter (2 June 2011). "International Panel Calls for Tougher "Stress Tests" of Nuclear Power Safety Systems". Scientific American . Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  22. Kanerva, Juha (1 February 2018). "Viisissä olympiakisoissa kiekkoillut suomalainen ehdolla KOK:n urheilijakomissioon". Ilta-Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  23. "Emma Terho: Huippu-urheilu tie parempiin palkkoihin". Yle Urheilu (in Finnish). 31 January 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  24. "Ice Hockey: Women's Preliminary Round - Group B, Finland, Roster and statistics". Vancouver 2010. 14 February 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  25. "Ice Hockey: Women's Preliminary Round - Group B, Finland, Roster and statistics". Vancouver 2010. 16 February 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  26. "Ice Hockey: Women's Preliminary Round - Group B, Finland, Roster and statistics". Vancouver 2010. 8 February 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  27. "Ice Hockey: Women's Play-offs Semifinals, Finland, Roster and statistics". Vancouver 2010. 22 February 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  28. "Ice Hockey: Women's Bronze Medal Game, Finland, Roster and statistics". Vancouver 2010. 25 February 2010. Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  29. "Emma Laaksonen Named WCHA Rookie Of The Week". Ohio State Buckeyes. 6 March 2001. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  30. "Women's Hockey Sweeps League Awards". Ohio State Buckeyes. 20 November 2001. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  31. "Laaksonen Named WCHA Player of the Week". Ohio State Buckeyes. 11 December 2001. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  32. "Emma Laaksonen Honored as WCHA Defensive Player of the Week". Ohio State Buckeyes. 17 December 2002. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  33. 1 2 "2022-2023 Record Book: Women's Hockey" (PDF). Ohio State Buckeyes. September 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  34. Bell, Todd; Thibodeau, Dean; Horvat, Jane. "2020-21 WCHA Media Guide & Record Book" (PDF). Western Collegiate Hockey Association . pp. 34–36, 41, 46, 48, 106–110. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  35. 1 2 "2022-23 National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Records" (PDF). NCAA . 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  36. "Player Profile: Emma Terho". Elite Prospects. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  37. "Five Former Buckeyes set to Compete at Four Nations Cup". Ohio State Buckeyes. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  38. "Four Nations Cup Photo Gallery". Ohio State Buckeyes. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  39. "2022 WCHA Record Book" (PDF). Western Collegiate Hockey Association . 17 August 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  40. "2023 WCHA Record Book" (PDF). Western Collegiate Hockey Association . 5 June 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  41. "2022-2023 Record Book, Women's Hockey" (PDF). 31 May 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2024.