| Enophrys diceraus | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Family: | Cottidae |
| Genus: | Enophrys |
| Species: | E. diceraus |
| Binomial name | |
| Enophrys diceraus (Pallas, 1787) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Enophrys diceraus, the antlered sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species occurs in the northern Pacific Ocean.
Enophrys diceraus was first formally described as Cottus diceraus in 1787 by the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas with its type locality given as Kamchatka. [2] In 1829 the French zoologist Georges Cuvier described Cottus claviger, also from Kamchatka, and in 1839 the English zoologist William John Swainson proposed a new monospecific genus for Cuvier's species which he called Enophrys . [3] Later Cuvier's C. claviger was found to be a synonym of Pallas's C, diceraus but it is the type species of the genus Enophrys. [2] [3] The specific name diceraus means "two-horned" a reference to the preopercular spines, one on each side of the head. [4]
Enophrys diceraus has a long straight spine on the upper cheek, the preopercular spine which reaches past the operculum and has between 2 and 8 ancillary spines, or spinules. The lacrimal bone has a bifurcated flap which extends down over the maxilla. [5] There are 2 dorsal fins which are supported by between 7 or 8 spines and between 12 and 15 soft rays while the anal fin has 10 or 13 soft rays. There are 2 well developed bony ridges on the top of the head. [1] The large lateral line scales are plate like and have 1 or 2 keels and a rough rera edge. [5] [1] This species reaches a maximum published total length of 38 cm (15 in). [5]
Enophrys diceraus is found in the subarctic part of the Pacific Ocean from the northern Sea of Japan to Point Hope in Alaska and in the Chukchi Sea to Amchitka Island in the Aleutians. [1] It is a benthic species of coastal waters dound at depths between 2 and 200 m (6 ft 7 in and 656 ft 2 in) over substrates of sand, mud and rock. [5]
Enophrys diceraus eats benthic invertebrates, especially crustaceans and molluscs, although adults eat brittlestars too, [5] [6] The adults move into shallow water to spawn, the juvenile settle at lengths between 13 and 24 mm (0.51 and 0.94 in) and they become sexually mature at 18 cm (7.1 in). [5] They form aggregations for feeding and spawning in the south of their range in Peter the Great Bay and in central parts along the mainland Asian coast and off the southern part of Sakhalin. These do not occur in the northern part of their range. [6]
The scaled sculpins, Icelus, are a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. Most of the fishes in this genus are found in the northern Pacific Ocean but they also occur in the North Atlantic Ocean.
The Norway bullhead is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean.
Clinocottus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are nearshore benthic fishes native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean. They are mentioned as sharpnose sculpins.
Artediellus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. Most of the fishes in this genus are found in the northern Pacific Ocean but they also occur in the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans.
Enophrys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern and eastern Pacific Ocean.
Gymnocanthus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern Pacific, Arctic and northern Atlantic Oceans.
The lavender sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
The belligerent sculpin, or flathead sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species occurs in the northern Pacific Ocean.
Megalocottus is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the western Pacific Ocean.
Microcottus is a small genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern Pacific Ocean.
The spineless sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the Pacific Ocean where it is endemic to the waters around the Aleutian Islands, Alaska.
The hairhead sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Trichocottus.
Blepsias is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Agonidae, the poachers and related fishes. These fishes are found in the coastal northern Pacific Ocean from Japan to California.
Enophrys bison, the buffalo sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Myoxocephalus jaok, the plain sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is found in the northern Pacific Ocean and adjacent Arctic Ocean.
Myoxocephalus scorpioides, the Arctic sculpin or northern sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This fish is found in the Arctic Ocean.
The Sakhalin sculpin is a species of amphidromous ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in eastern Russia to northern Japan. It reaches a maximum length of 20.8 cm. The Sakhalin sculpin was first formally described in 1904 by the Russian zoologist Peter Yulievich Schmidt with its type locality given as the Lyutoga River on Sakhalin. This species is sometimes placed in the subgenus Cephalocottus. The specific name is a misspelling of Ambystoma, the axolotl combined with opsis, meanning "having the look of", and Schmidt described it as having a head that is “strongly dorsoventrally depressed, wide, nearly flat dorsally, abruptly sloping laterally, similar to the head of an axolotl” (translation).
Cottus nozawae is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in southern Sakhalin Island in Russia, Hokkaido and northern Honshu in Japan and in the Korean Peninsula. It reaches a maximum length of 6.9 cm. This species was first formally described in 1911 by the American ichthyologist John Otterbein Snyder with its type locality given as the Ishikari River at Sapporo on Hokkaido. This species is sometimes placed in the subgenus Cephalocottus. The specific name honours zoologist Shunjiro Nozawa, Director of the Fisheries Bureau on Hokkaido.
Gymnocanthus pistilliger, the threaded sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species occurs in the northern Pacific Ocean.
The Arctic staghorn sculpin is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This sculpin is found in the Arctic Ocean and the northern Atlantic Ocean.