Enterographa incognita

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Enterographa incognita
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Arthoniomycetes
Order: Arthoniales
Family: Roccellaceae
Genus: Enterographa
Species:
E. incognita
Binomial name
Enterographa incognita
Ertz & Tehler (2014)

Enterographa incognita is a little-known species of crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. [1] Found in Southeast Thailand, it is characterised by its sorediate features and its distinct ascomata and ascospores . This lichen, only known to occur in its type locality, thrives on large trunks in a mangrove environment.

Contents

Taxonomy

Enterographa incognita was first described scientifically in 2014 by lichenologists Damien Ertz and Anders Tehler. The type specimen was discovered by the first author in Trat province, Thailand, in Ban Pak Khlong Nam Chiew mangrove on a large trunk. [2]

Description

Enterographa incognita has a crustose thallus that is completely sorediate and water-repellent. The soralia are 100–300  μm in diameter and densely cover the substrate , often merging. The inner part of the soralia is white, containing abundant hyaline crystals that do not dissolve in a potassium hydroxide solution. The photobiont associated with this species is trentepohlioid . [2]

The ascomata are punctiform and immersed in white pseudostromata . The ascospores usually have between 7 and 9 septa(sometimes as many as 12), and typical dimensions of 43.0–55.5 by 4–5 μm. These features help distinguish Enterographa incognita from other similar species. Conidiomata, however, have not been observed in this species. [2]

Similar species

Enterographa incognita differs from other sorediate Enterographa species , such as Enterographa sorediata and E. zephyri , due to its larger and more septate ascospores, as well as its unique chemistry. It also differs from non-sorediate species like E. diederichiana and E. tropica in terms of thallus structure and ascospore features. Further research may help to better understand the relationships between these species and their ecological roles within their respective habitats. [2]

Habitat and distribution

Enterographa incognita is only known to inhabit the mangrove environment of its type locality in Southeast Thailand. It is found on large trunks, at an altitude of 1 metre above sea level. Its distribution and habitat preferences may be influenced by the presence of suitable substrates and specific environmental conditions. [2]

Related Research Articles

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Diromma is a monotypic fungal genus in the family Roccellaceae. It contains the single species Diromma dirinellum, a rare crustose lichen that grows as a parasite on the lichen Dirina ceratoniae. It has a distribution restricted to the Mediterranean Basin.

Dirina catalinariae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. It occurs in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and the Galápagos Islands.

Dirina angolana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. Found in Angola, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by lichenologists Anders Tehler and Damien Ertz. The type specimen was collected by the first author north of Palmeirinhas. It is only known to occur in Angola, where it grows preferentially on baobab tree trunks, usually near the sea. The species epithet refers to the country of its type locality.

Dirina arabica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. Found in Socotra, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by lichenologists Anders Tehler and Damien Ernst. The type specimen was collected by the first author near the village in Homill, at an altitude of 350 m (1,150 ft). The species epithet refers to Arabia, the geographical location encompassing the type locality. The lichen is endemic to Socotra, where it grows on Eocene limestone rocks. It has a creamy-white, slightly pruinose thallus that is 0.1–0.5 mm thick and a chalk-like medulla. There are no soralia on the thallus. The ascomata have a circular outline and measure up to 2.0 mm in diameter, and have a pruinose, white-grey disc with a thalline margin. Dirina arabica is a sister species to Dirina immersa, a sympatric species that can be distinguished from the former by its immersed ascomata.

Dirina badia is a species of crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. It is found on the small desert mountains of northern Peru, where it grows on both stone and on bark.

Dirina canariensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. It is found in the Canary Islands, where it grows on vertical cliffs and acidic rocks. It was formally described as a new species in 2013 by lichenologists Anders Tehler and Damien Ertz. The type specimen was collected by the first author from the Puerto de Mogán ; the species epithet refers to the type locality. The lichen has a creamy-white to brownish-white thallus, a chalk-like medulla, and either soralia or apothecia on the thallus surface. If apothecia are present, they have a circular outline with a diameter of up to 1.5 mm; the discs are pruinose and encircled by a thalline margin. Ascospores measure 20–25 by 4–5 μm. The closest relatives of Dirina canariensis are the European species D. ceratoniae, D. massiliensis, and D. fallax.

Dirina cretacea is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. Its distribution is largely in the eastern Mediterranean, and in Andalusia, Spain. It was formally described as a new species in 1899 by Alexander Zahlbruckner as a member of the genus Chiodecton. The type specimen was collected in Croatia. Anders Tehler transferred it to the genus Dirina in 1983. The lichen has a whitish-grey thallus lacking soralia, and a chalk-like medulla. Its ascomata have a circular outline and a diameter of up to 3.8 mm; the apothecial disc is also white grey with a layer of pruina, and is surrounded by a thalline margin. Ascospores measure 19–23 by 5–6 μm.

<i>Dirina fallax</i> Species of lichen

Dirina fallax is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. It is found in the western Mediterranean, the Atlantic coasts of both Africa and Europe, and central Europe, where it grows on siliceous and acidic rocks. In 2017, it was reported from the Abrau Peninsula in Russia.

Vigneronia spieri is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. It is found in the Galápagos Islands, mainland Ecuador and the Antilles (Curaçao).

Dirina indica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. It is found on the west coast of India (Gujarat), the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in Yemen, and on Socotra Island, where it grows on the bark of various trees and shrubs.

Dirina monothalamia is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) in the family Roccellaceae. It occurs in Cape Verde and the nearby mainland of Senegal, where it is found in coastal outcrops on the bark of various trees; Senegalese populations are often on the bark of African baobab.

Dirina pacifica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. It is found in both Hawaii and the Galápagos Islands, where it grows in coastal outcrops. The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Anders Tehler and Damien Ertz. The type specimen was collected from Koolaupoko. The species epithet refers to the Pacific Ocean. It has a creamy white to greyish or brownish thallus lacking pruina, and a chalk-like medulla. Its ascomata have a circular outline up to 1.5 mm in diameter, with a whitish-grey disc. Its ascospores measure 19–27 by 4–5 μm. Dirina pacifica contains the lichen products erythrin, lecanoric acid, and sometimes three unidentified substances named "C", "F", and "G".

Dirina sorocarpa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. Found in Cape Verde, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Anders Tehler and Damien Ertz. The lichen has a creamy white to white-brownish thallus measuring 0.1–0.5 mm thick and a chalk-like medulla. Its ascospores are 21–30 by 4–5 μm. The species epithet alludes to the fact that the ascocarps, if they are present, are often partially sorediate or are produced on the same regions of the thallus as the soralia.

<i>Enterographa kinabaluensis</i> Species of lichen

Enterographa kinabaluensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found in coastal rainforests on the island of Borneo, it was described as a new species in 2020. Characterised by its white thallus, punctiform (dot-like) soralia and norstictic acid content, this lichen is readily recognisable when fertile.

Enterographa rotundata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. This species was discovered in Brazil, growing on the smooth bark of trees in the Brazilian Caatinga forest. It has round apothecia, a feature that sets it apart from most of its kind.

<i>Fulvophyton</i> Genus of lichens

Fulvophyton is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellographaceae. It has 11 species. Fulvophyton is characterised by its crust-like thallus, which is often pale yellowish-brown in colour. This genus features a photobiont from the green algal genus Trentepohlia and exhibits a unique arrangement of reproductive structures.

Lecanactis borbonica is a rare species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), lichen in the family Roccellaceae. Found exclusively in Réunion, it forms a crustose thallus and is characterised by its rounded ascomata and the presence of specific chemical compounds.

Neosergipea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. It has four species, all of which are corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that are found in the tropical forests of Brazil. This genus is related to the genera Dichosporidium, Enterographa, and Erythrodecton. It distinguishes itself through unique morphological characteristics and certain chemical constituents, in particular, its non-carbonised ascomata and the presence of a vivid orange anthraquinone compound.

<i>Roccella gracilis</i> Species of lichen

Roccella gracilis is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. Flourishing in coastal environments, Roccella gracilia predominantly grows along the coasts of Baja California and the Galápagos Islands, preferring the trunks, branches, and twigs of trees, but it is also found on rocks and cliffs. Its distribution spans coastal habitats from California south to Peru, including the Galápagos Islands and parts of the Caribbean.

References

  1. "Enterographa incognita Ertz & Tehler". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Ertz, Damien; Tehler, Anders; Irestedt, Martin; Frisch, Andreas; Thor, Göran; van den Boom, Pieter (2014). "A large-scale phylogenetic revision of Roccellaceae (Arthoniales) reveals eight new genera". Fungal Diversity. 70 (1): 31–53. doi:10.1007/s13225-014-0286-5. S2CID   256059800.