Entobia

Entobia Temporal range: Devonian–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Modern Entobia borings in a bivalve shell
Trace fossil classification
Ichnofamily:	† Entobiaidae
Ichnogenus:	† Entobia Bronn, 1838
Type ichnospecies
Entobia cretacea Portlock, 1843
Ichnospecies [1]
List E. cretaceaPortlock, 1843 E. michelini(Nardo, 1845) E. glomerata(Michelin, 1846) E. nardina(Michelin, 1846) E. duvernoyi(Michelin, 1847) E. irregularis(d’Orbigny, 1850) E. ramosa(d’Orbigny, 1850) E. parisiensis(d’Orbigny, 1850) E. dissociata(Duchassaing, 1850) E. duvernoysii(Duchassaing, 1850) E. pectita(Michelotti, 1861) E. strombi(Duchassaing de Fonbressin & Michelotti, 1864) E. megastoma(Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866) E. falunica(Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866) E. cerithii(Fraas, 1867) E. paradoxa(Fischer, 1868) E. praecursor(Fischer, 1868) E. cerithiorum(Fischer, 1868) E. tubulosa(Seguenza, 1879) E. perforata(Seguenza, 1882) E. intricata(Seguenza, 1882) E. catenata(Frič, 1883) E. exogyrarum(Frič, 1883) E. mammillata(Chapman, 1907) E. peregrinator(Chapman, 1907) E. bullini(Annandale, 1920) E. devonica(Clarke, 1921) E. radiciformis(Lehner, 1937) E. microtuberum(Stephenson, 1941) E. retiformis(Stephenson, 1952) E. cateniformisBromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. geometricaBromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. laqueaBromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. ovulaBromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. volziBromley & D’Alessandro, 1984 E. depressaGhare, 1985 E. dendriticaPleydell & Jones, 1988 E. giganteaBromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 E. magnaBromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 E. parvaBromley & D’Alessandro, 1989 E. astrologicaMikuláš, 1992 E. solarisMikuláš, 1992 E. goniodesBromley & Asgaard, 1993 E. cervicornisFürsich et al., 1994 E. convolutaEdinger & Risk, 1994 E. micraWisshak, 2008 E. nanaWisshak, 2008 E. cracoviensisBromley & Uchman in Bromley et al., 2009 E. resinensisSantos et al., 2011 E. colariaWisshak et al., 2017 E. morrisiWisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019 E. tuberculataWisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019
Synonyms [1]
ClionitesMorris in Mantell, 1850 TopsentiaClarke, 1921 (junior homonym) Topsentopsisde Laubenfels in Moore, 1955 UniglobitesPleydell & Jones, 1988

Entobia in a bivalve shell, Florida.

Entobia is a trace fossil in a hard substrate (typically a shell, rock or hardground made of calcium carbonate) formed by sponges as a branching network of galleries, often with regular enlargements termed chambers. Apertural canals connect the outer surface of the substrate to the chambers and galleries so the sponge can channel water through its tissues for filter feeding. ^[2] The fossil ranges from the Devonian to the Recent. ^{[3] [4]}

References

1. Wisshak, M.; Knaust, D.; Bertling, M. (2019). "Bioerosion ichnotaxa: review and annotated list". Facies. 65 (2): 24. doi:10.1007/s10347-019-0561-8.
2. Bromley, R.G. (1970). "Borings as trace fossils and Entobia cretacea Portlock, as an example". Geological Journal. 3: 49–90.
3. Taylor, P.D., Wilson. M.A. (2003). "Palaeoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities". Earth-Science Reviews. 62 (1–2): 1–103. Bibcode:2003ESRv...62....1T. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00131-9.
4. Tapanila, L. (2006). "Devonian Entobia borings from Nevada, with a revision of Topsentopsis". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (4): 760–767. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[760:DEBFNW]2.0.CO;2. S2CID   129195867.

External links

• Image of Entobia cretacea as a cast showing canals and chambers in three dimensions

Entobia from the Prairie Bluff Chalk Formation (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous) of Starkville, Mississippi. Preserved as a cast of the excavations.