Episcopal Divinity School

Last updated

Episcopal Divinity School
Type Private seminary
Established1974;50 years ago (1974)
Affiliation
Endowment $77.3 million (April 30, 2024)
President Lydia Kelsey Bucklin
Location
New York City, New York
,
United States
Campus Urban
Website eds.edu

The Episcopal Divinity School (EDS) is an unaccredited theological school in New York City. Established to train people for ordination in the American Episcopal Church, the seminary eventually began training students from other denominations. The school currently does not enroll any seminarians, and states that it is currently "exploring multiple models for theological education."

Contents

For most of its history, EDS was headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. From 2018 to 2023, it was affiliated with Union Theological Seminary in New York City. [1] [2] [3] [4]

EDS and its predecessors established a reputation for progressive teaching and action on issues of civil rights and social justice. Its faculty and students were directly involved in many of the social controversies surrounding the Episcopal Church in the latter half of the 20th century and at the start of the 21st. From 1930 to 1964, three out of the four presiding bishops of the Episcopal Church were alumni of EDS' predecessor Episcopal Theological School: James De Wolf Perry, Henry Knox Sherrill, and Arthur Lichtenberger.

History

Predecessors

The Episcopal Divinity School (EDS) was founded in 1974 by combining the Episcopal Theological School (ETS) and the Philadelphia Divinity School (PDS). ETS's first dean was John Seely Stone, a former PDS lecturer. [5]

Philadelphia Divinity School

The Philadelphia Divinity School was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1857 as the Divinity School of the Protestant Episcopal Church by Alonzo Potter, Bishop of Pennsylvania. [6]

Episcopal Theological School

Episcopal Divinity School, 19th century 1879DrakeEpiscopal.jpg
Episcopal Divinity School, 19th century

The Episcopal Theological School was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1867 by Boston businessman Benjamin Tyler Reed. [7] Although ETS' first dean, John Seely Stone, was part of the evangelical wing of the Anglican church, [8] the school developed into a stronghold of the Broad Church movement and welcomed liberal and progressive views. [9] It was "the first Episcopal theological seminary to welcome modern biblical scholarship," [10] and in 1924 its faculty asked its alumni priests to accommodate congregants who did not believe in the virgin birth. [11] In 1941, ETS became the first Episcopal seminary to appoint a female full-time faculty member (Adelaide Teague Case). [10]

According to one alumnus, the school's reputation for theological progressivism was so strong that "candidates for the Episcopal ministry who did not have independent financial means avoided the Cambridge seminary lest they become so infected with its social heresies that they could not hold suburban pulpits." [12] In 1919, ETS offered its deanship to alumnus C. L. Slattery, who declined the position; [13] nine years later, a committee led by now-Bishop Slattery published a revision to the Book of Common Prayer which made "far-reaching, and in some instances radical," changes to both language and theology, decisively moving away from the concept of total depravity. [14]

The founders chose Cambridge, Massachusetts for its proximity to Harvard University. ETS provided an Anglican alternative to Harvard's divinity school and Memorial Church, [10] both of which were predominantly Unitarian at the time. [15] ETS students were allowed to cross-register in Harvard courses and to use the divinity school library. [15] [16] [17] After retiring from ETS, Henry Washburn served as the director of Harvard Memorial Church from 1940 to 1950. [18]

Merger and creation of EDS

PDS and ETS merged in 1974. Both institutions were facing bankruptcy at the time. Merging the two institutions and consolidating operations on ETS's Cambridge campus allowed the schools to save money while combining their financial endowments. PDS sold its five-acre campus to the University of Pennsylvania, [19] and the PDS campus currently hosts an elementary school assisted by the University of Pennsylvania. [20]

The unified EDS granted degrees until 2017. As an independent seminary, EDS offered Master of Divinity (M.Div.), Master of Arts in Theological Studies (MATS), and Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) degree programs, as well as a certificate in Anglican studies program. It inherited ETS's relationship with Harvard Divinity School, which included cross-registration. It was a member of the Boston Theological Institute, a consortium of seminaries and divinity schools that share library and academic resources and allow cross-registration for courses.

In 2008, EDS sold seven of its thirteen buildings to Lesley University for $33.5 million to help pay off outstanding debts. [21] The two institutions agreed to share part of the remaining EDS campus, offer cross-registration, and pool resources. [22]

Beginning in 2011, EDS allowed members of the Metropolitan Community Church to train at EDS for ordination in their church, receiving specific instruction on their church's polity. [23]

Affiliation with Union Theological Seminary and move to New York

In the 21st century, EDS was impacted by broader forces (primarily declining enrollment) affecting many Episcopal seminaries. For example, from 2022 to 2024, the General Theological Seminary leased its New York City campus to Vanderbilt University, [24] refocused its course offerings on primarily-online masters' programs, [25] and agreed to an arrangement with deeper-pocketed Virginia Theological Seminary under which VTS' president took over GTS. [26]

Over time, EDS increasingly relied on its endowment to cover operating deficits. [27] From 2011 to 2016, the endowment declined from $70.2 million to $53 million. [27] [28] The school warned that the endowment would eventually become unable to cover future deficits. [27]

In 2016, the school's board of trustees decided that the school would cease granting degrees after the end of the 2016–17 academic year. [29] At the time, the school had four full-time faculty and 35 full-time enrolled students. [30] The school issued a statement explaining that "[e]nding unsustainable spending is a matter of social justice." [28]

After several months of evaluating how it could continue to support the school's mission of theological education, the board of trustees decided to sell its Cambridge campus and to affiliate EDS with Union Theological Seminary (UTS) in New York City. [31] [32] Through this arrangement, Episcopal seminarians would enroll at UTS in the "EDS at Union Anglican Studies Program," earn a M.Div. from UTS, and fulfill requirements for ordination in the Episcopal Church. [33] The institutions signed an 11-year affiliation agreement, starting in 2018. [34] As of December 2022, EDS-at-UTS educated 21 students. [35]

As part of the move from Cambridge, EDS terminated its employment contracts with all faculty and staff, and provided them with severance packages. [30] In 2018, Lesley University exercised its right of first refusal to purchase the remainder of the EDS campus. [36] [37] [38]

Independent, non-degree-granting institution

On March 31, 2023, Union and EDS announced that they were discontinuing their formal affiliation after 5 years, less than halfway into the initial term of the agreement. [39] EDS discontinued its degree-granting programs. [40] M.Div. students in the EDS-at-UTS program transitioned into the UTS Anglican Studies Program. [41] In the meantime, EDS has relocated to temporary offices at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York. [42] It offers some programming in New York and online. [43]

EDS is currently "exploring multiple models for theological education." [44] It states that it "seeks collaborative opportunities to prepare and equip clergy and lay people for transformative and diverse leadership roles." [45]

In August 2024, Lydia Kelsey Bucklin was appointed as EDS' new president and dean, [46] with a directive to "develop[] and implement[] a strategic and operational plan" for the school. [44] Although EDS currently does not educate any students, its financial endowment stood at $77.3 million as of April 30, 2024, which includes the sale price of the Cambridge campus. [44]

Social issues

St. John's Chapel at EDS St. John's Chapel Episcopal Divinity School-3 (Cambridge, MA).jpg
St. John's Chapel at EDS

PDS and ETS had both attempted to insulate themselves from affiliations with partisan factions within the church. Where other seminaries that existed or would come to exist within the Episcopal Church often affiliated themselves with either the high church or low church movements, PDS and ETS focused on broad social and academic matters rather than issues of churchmanship as such. This may affiliate them with broad church movements, although neither institution explicitly identified themselves as such. EDS has continued in that tradition.

PDS, ETS and EDS have all been known for their focus on pastoral action around progressive social issues.

African-American education

From its inception, PDS admitted and trained African-American students, which was not done anywhere else in the world. [47] The Episcopal Church itself, originally as the Church of England under the Bishop of London in British colonies in North America, had early seen several attempts from within at including African-American and indigenous American peoples in the full life of the church; the first person to be baptized in the Church of England in North America was a Native American person. [48] Social values, particularly with the rise of racial slavery in North America, meant that there were considerable obstacles to such practices, and debates over whether it was right to baptize African-American slaves were controversial. Clergy who baptized slaves were often expelled from their parishes by the wealthy vestries which held their contracts. The church was largely controlled by affluent whites and despite rare actions by clergy, African-American slaves and ex-slaves were largely excluded from participation in the life of the church.

In 1968, ETS hired its first African-American professor, Robert Avon Bennett.

Education and ordination of women

In the 1880s, PDS begin training women as deaconesses. In 1929 women were first admitted at PDS in small numbers to theological education programs designed for those preparing to teach religion in colleges.

ETS became the first Episcopal seminary to hire a woman, in 1941, to its full-time faculty. [49]

In 1974, after the formation of EDS, 11 women known as the Philadelphia Eleven were "irregularly" ordained to the priesthood of the Episcopal Church. Several EDS faculty members took part in the ordination and two of the new priests, Carter Heyward and Suzanne Hiatt, were employed as EDS faculty. [50] The affiliation of EDS with this ordination would cause many bishops to refuse to send their postulants for ordination to EDS to receive a theological education. EDS retained a reputation for controversy stemming from this incident even after the Episcopal Church as a whole voted to ordain women to the priesthood in 1976. EDS quickly became the first Episcopal seminary to have women teaching in all fields of study.

Civil rights

In 1956, Bishop Henry Knox Sherrill, who graduated from ETS in 1914, spoke out at a press conference on September 18, 1956, in favor of racial integration for the whole church. He said, “integration in the whole church is inevitable; it is fundamental to the heart of the Gospel.” [51]

In 1964, members of the ETS community marched in Boston to protest the racially motivated Birmingham church bombings. In the following year, ETS students and faculty traveled to Alabama to take part in the Selma to Montgomery marches. Several students sought to return to Alabama after the Selma marches to continue to work for racial integration in that state. Jonathan Myrick Daniels, one of those students, was shot and killed outside a store in Hayneville, Alabama, while trying to protect a young African-American woman, Ruby Sales, from a gunman. [52] [53] Sales would go on to attend ETS herself and work for civil rights, founding an inner-city mission dedicated to Daniels who is remembered as a martyr of the Episcopal Church and is remembered regularly at EDS. [54] [55]

LGBT rights

Lawrence and Reed Halls on EDS's Flemish style quadrangle Episcopal Divinity School (Cambridge, MA).JPG
Lawrence and Reed Halls on EDS's Flemish style quadrangle

In the 1960s, ETS students who were suspected of being homosexual were dismissed, but as church and social opinion began to slowly turn in favor of tolerance of homosexuals, EDS would become a leading center of studies on LGBT issues within the Episcopal Church and the wider Anglican Communion. In 1974, ethics professor William Hayden McCallum came out as a gay man to the school community. Associate professor and priest Carter Heyward came out as a lesbian to the church in a nationwide publication in 1979. By the 1980s, EDS permitted same-sex couples to live in campus housing as it did heterosexual couples previously. In 1995, when St. John's Memorial Chapel was opened to marriage services by Dean William Rankin, both heterosexual marriages and same-sex unions were permitted, contrary to the trend in the Episcopal Church at the time. [23] In 1999, the school's then dean, Steven Charleston, was the author of the Cambridge Accord, an attempt to reach consensus over the human rights of homosexual people, notwithstanding differences within the Anglican Communion over the moral status of homosexual acts. [56] In 2009, Katherine Hancock Ragsdale became the Dean of EDS, the first openly lesbian person to be dean of an Episcopal seminary. However, in 2015, she indicated she would not seek an extension to her term as Dean – which expired at the end of June – after disputes with faculty regarding changes to the residential seminary model. [57]

Leadership

Episcopal Theological School - Deans

Episcopal Divinity School - Deans

Episcopal Divinity School - President-Deans

See also

Related Research Articles

HJ International Graduate School for Peace and Public Leadership is a private Unification Church-affiliated graduate seminary headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, New York. It was known as Unification Theological Seminary (UTS) from its founding in 1975 until July 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary</span> Theological seminary in Massachusetts

Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary (GCTS) is an evangelical seminary with its main campus in Hamilton, Massachusetts, and three other campuses in Boston, Massachusetts; Charlotte, North Carolina; and Jacksonville, Florida. According to the Association of Theological Schools, Gordon-Conwell ranks as one of the largest evangelical seminaries in North America in terms of total number of full-time students enrolled.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andover Theological Seminary</span> Theological seminary in Massachusetts, US

Andover Theological Seminary (1807–1965) was a Congregationalist seminary founded in 1807 and originally located in Andover, Massachusetts on the campus of Phillips Academy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union Theological Seminary</span> Christian seminary in New York City

Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York is a private ecumenical liberal Christian seminary in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, affiliated with Columbia University. Columbia University lists UTS among its affiliate schools, alongside Barnard College and Teachers College. Since 1928, the seminary has served as Columbia's constituent faculty of theology. In 1964, UTS also established an affiliation with the neighboring Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Despite its affiliation with Columbia University, UTS is an independent institution with its own administration and Board of Trustees. UTS confers the following degrees: Master of Divinity (MDiv), Master of Divinity & Social Work dual degree (MDSW), Master of Arts in religion (MAR), Master of Arts in Social Justice (MASJ), Master of Sacred Theology (STM), Doctor of Ministry (DMin), and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nashotah House</span> Anglo-catholic seminary in the United States

Nashotah House is an Anglican seminary in Nashotah, Wisconsin. The seminary opened in 1842 and received its official charter in 1847. The institution is independent and generally regarded as one of the more theologically conservative seminaries in the Episcopal Church. It is also officially recognized by the Anglican Church in North America.

The General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church (GTS) is an Episcopal seminary in New York City. Founded in 1817, GTS is the oldest seminary of the Episcopal Church and the longest continuously operating seminary in the Anglican Communion. The seminary was chartered by an act of the Episcopal Church's General Convention and its name was chosen to reflect its founders' vision that it be a seminary to serve the whole Church. In 2022, the General Theological Seminary entered into a formal affiliation with Virginia Theological Seminary whereby the two separate institutions share a common leadership structure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trinity Evangelical Divinity School</span> Divinity school

Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (TEDS) is an academic divinity school founded in 1897 and located in the northern Chicago suburb of Deerfield, Illinois. It is part of and located on the main campus of Trinity International University. It is among the largest theological educational institutions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Candler School of Theology</span> U.S. educational institution

Candler School of Theology is one of seven graduate schools at Emory University, located in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. A university-based school of theology, Candler educates ministers, scholars of religion and other leaders. It is also one of 13 seminaries affiliated with the United Methodist Church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Virginia Theological Seminary</span> Episcopal seminary in Alexandria, Virginia, United States

Virginia Theological Seminary (VTS), formally called the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia, located at 3737 Seminary Road in Alexandria, Virginia is the largest and second oldest accredited Episcopal seminary in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church Divinity School of the Pacific</span> Episcopal Church seminary in California, U.S.

Church Divinity School of the Pacific (CDSP) is an Episcopal seminary in Berkeley, California. It is one of the nine seminaries in the Episcopal Church and a member of the Graduate Theological Union. The only Episcopal seminary located in the Far West, CDSP has, since 1911, been designated the official seminary of the Episcopal Church's Eighth Province, the Province west of the Rocky Mountains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trinity Anglican Seminary</span>

Trinity Anglican Seminary, formerly known as Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry, is an Anglican seminary in Ambridge, Pennsylvania. It is generally associated with evangelical Anglicanism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yale Divinity School</span> Graduate school of Yale University

Yale Divinity School (YDS) is one of the twelve graduate and professional schools of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seminary of the Southwest</span>

Seminary of the Southwest is an Episcopal seminary in Austin, Texas. It is one of nine accredited seminaries of the Episcopal Church in the United States. Seminary of the Southwest forms Christian leaders pursuing ordination within the church, as well as those interested in lay forms of ministry, including chaplaincy and counseling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanderbilt University Divinity School</span>

The Vanderbilt Divinity School and Graduate Department of Religion is an interdenominational divinity school at Vanderbilt University, a major research university located in Nashville, Tennessee. It is one of only six university-based schools of religion in the United States without a denominational affiliation that service primarily mainline Protestantism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berkeley Divinity School at Yale</span> Seminary of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut, U.S.

Berkeley Divinity School at Yale, founded in 1854, is a seminary of The Episcopal Church in New Haven, Connecticut. Along with Andover Newton Theological School and the Yale Institute of Sacred Music, Berkeley is one of the three "Partners on the Quad," which are part of Yale Divinity School at Yale University. Thus, Berkeley operates as a denominational seminary within an ecumenical divinity school. Berkeley has historically represented a Broad church orientation among Anglican seminaries in the country, and was the fourth independent seminary to be founded, after General Theological Seminary (1817), Virginia Theological Seminary (1823), and Nashotah House (1842). Berkeley's institutional antecedents began at Trinity College, Hartford in 1849. The institution was formally chartered in Middletown, Connecticut in 1854, moved to New Haven in 1928, and amalgamated with Yale in 1971.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern Baptist Theological Seminary</span> Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky, USA

The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (SBTS) is a Baptist theological institute in Louisville, Kentucky. It is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention. The seminary was founded in 1859 in Greenville, South Carolina, where it was at first housed on the campus of Furman University. The seminary has been an innovator in theological education, establishing one of the first Ph.D. programs in religion in the year 1892. After being closed during the Civil War, it moved in 1877 to a newly built campus in downtown Louisville and moved to its current location in 1926 in the Crescent Hill neighborhood. In 1953, Southern became one of the few seminaries to offer a full, accredited degree course in church music. For more than fifty years Southern has been one of the world's largest theological seminaries, with an FTE enrollment of over 3,300 students in 2015.

The Gloria L. and Charles I. Clough School of Theology and Ministry (CSTM) is a Jesuit school of graduate theology at Boston College. It is an ecclesiastical faculty of theology that trains men and women, both lay and religious, for scholarship and service, especially within the Catholic Church.

Andover Newton Theological School (ANTS) was a graduate school and seminary in Newton, Massachusetts, affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA and the United Church of Christ. It was the product of a merger between Andover Theological Seminary and Newton Theological Institution. In recent years, it was an official open and affirming seminary, meaning that it was open to students of same-sex attraction or transgender orientation and generally advocated for tolerance of it in church and society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reformed Episcopal Seminary</span> Theological seminary in Pennsylvania, U.S.

The Reformed Episcopal Seminary is a private seminary in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1887 as the first seminary of the Reformed Episcopal Church.

Kelly Brown Douglas is an African-American Episcopal priest, womanist theologian, and interim president of Episcopal Divinity School. She was previously the inaugural Dean of the Episcopal Divinity School at Union Theological Seminary. She became interim president when EDS departed from Union in 2023. She is also the Canon Theologian at the Washington National Cathedral. She has written seven books, including The Black Christ (1994), Black Bodies and Black Church: A Blues Slant (2012), Stand Your Ground: Black Bodies and the Justice of God (2015), and Resurrection Hope: A Future Where Black Lives Matter (2021). Her book Sexuality in the Black Church: A Womanist Perspective (1999) was groundbreaking for openly addressing homophobia within the black church.

References

  1. ↑ "Important Development with Episcopal Divinity School". us9.campaign-archive.com. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
  2. ↑ "Episcopal Divinity School, Union Theological Seminary agree on collaboration". Episcopal News Service. May 19, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  3. ↑ utsnyc.edu – EDS
  4. ↑ Reporter, Lisa Wangsness-. "Episcopal seminary announces new affiliation - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
  5. ↑ "Stone, John Seely, Dd from the McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia". McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia Online. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  6. ↑ "Episcopal Divinity School Profile". College in Massachusetts. Archived from the original on July 1, 2013. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Fifty Years of the Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge" (PDF). The Witness. July 28, 1917. p. 4. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  8. ↑ Slattery, Charles Lewis (1911). Alexander Viets Griswold Allen, 1841-1908. Norwood, MA: Longmans, Green & Co. p. 57. ISBN   978-0-7950-0370-7.
  9. ↑ DeMille, George E. (February 10, 2005). The Catholic Movement in the American Episcopal Church. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 172. ISBN   978-1-55635-152-5.
  10. 1 2 3 "Episcopal Theological School (ETS) - An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church". The Episcopal Church. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  11. ↑ "FACULTY SUGGESTS PERMISSIVE CREEDS; Cambridge Episcopal Theological School Plans to End Dispute Over Virgin Birth". The New York Times. January 6, 1924. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  12. ↑ C.K.S. (October 1962). "Henry Bradford Washburn" (PDF). Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society: 255.
  13. ↑ "Dr. Slattery Declines Call". The New York Times. July 23, 1919. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  14. ↑ "The New American Prayer Book, by E. Clowes Chorley (1929)". anglicanhistory.org. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  15. 1 2 "Harvard and Episcopal School: Mutual Agreement Passed on Arranging Interchange of Courses". The Harvard Crimson. October 2, 1914. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  16. ↑ "Harvard Divinity School at the Turn of the 20th Century". library.hds.harvard.edu. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  17. ↑ Miller, Glenn T. (2007). Piety and Profession: American Protestant Theological Education, 1870-1970. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. p. 147. ISBN   978-0-8028-2946-7.
  18. ↑ "Henry Washburn Dies at 93 | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  19. ↑ "Penn to Buy Divinity School Sought by Moon Church". The New York Times. April 13, 1977. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  20. ↑ "West Philadelphia Collaborative History - Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander and Her School". collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  21. ↑ "Historic purchase completes Lesley University's Brattle Campus". lesley.edu. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  22. ↑ "Episcopal News Service: Press Release # 030608-01". episcopalarchives.org. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  23. 1 2 Osler, Mark (August 26, 2016). Prosecuting Jesus: Finding Christ by Putting Him on Trial. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 52. ISBN   9781611646733 . Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  24. ↑ "The General Theological Seminary signs agreement to lease the Close to Vanderbilt University". General Theological Seminary. September 26, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  25. ↑ "The General Theological Seminary Sets Out its Plans for the Future". Virginia Theological Seminary. February 9, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  26. ↑ Petersen, Kirk (December 7, 2022). "Partnership Ensures Survival of a Smaller GTS". The Living Church. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  27. 1 2 3 "Financial Considerations in Planning" (PDF). Episcopal Divinity School. July 12, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 13, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  28. 1 2 mmacdonald (July 21, 2016). "Episcopal Divinity School to stop granting degrees in June 2017". Episcopal News Service. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  29. ↑ "EDS to Cease Granting Degrees at End of 2016-17 Academic Year". Episcopal Divinity School. July 21, 2016. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017.
  30. 1 2 Walton, Jeffrey (February 24, 2017). "Episcopal Divinity School Pursues Union Merger". Juicy Ecumenism. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  31. ↑ "Episcopal Divinity School Votes to Pursue Affiliation with Union Theological Seminary in New York". Episcopal Divinity School. February 24, 2017. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017.
  32. ↑ "Episcopal Divinity School to Affiliate with Union Theological Seminary". Episcopal Divinity School. May 19, 2017. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017.
  33. ↑ "Episcopal Divinity School at Union". Union Theological Seminary. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  34. ↑ "EDS Lives On at Union". The Living Church. May 20, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  35. ↑ Rees, Ian (December 19, 2022). "EDS at Union Newsletter | December 2022". Union Theological Seminary. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
  36. ↑ Levy, Marc (June 20, 2017). "Eagerness to build housing misses key fact: Divinity school acreage is partially occupied". Cambridge Day. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
  37. ↑ Stendahl, Max (July 23, 2018). "Lesley expands Cambridge footprint, buying rest of Brattle campus". Boston Business Journal. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  38. ↑ "Lesley University expands Brattle Street presence with purchase of historic Episcopal Divinity School buildings". Boston Real Estate Times. July 19, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  39. ↑ Vernet, Emmye (March 31, 2023). "Union Theological Seminary and Episcopal Divinity School Announce New Directions for Leading Anglican Studies Program". Union Theological Seminary. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  40. ↑ "EDS Chooses 'Innovative Credentialing' Over '@Union'". The Living Church. April 5, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  41. ↑ "Important Development with Episcopal Divinity School". us9.campaign-archive.com. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
  42. ↑ "Episcopal Divinity School to Relocate Office in July". www.eds.edu. June 25, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  43. ↑ "EDS in Transition | November 2023 Update". www.eds.edu. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  44. 1 2 3 "Frequently Asked Questions". www.eds.edu. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  45. ↑ "Mission and Core Values". www.eds.edu. February 21, 2024. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  46. ↑ "Episcopal Divinity School Appoints the Very Rev. Lydia Kelsey Bucklin as New President and Dean". www.eds.edu. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  47. ↑ "At the Former Philadelphia Divinity School Site: Discovering Inspiration from the Past and Creating Spaces to Learn and Grow". Almanac: Journal of record, opinion and news. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  48. ↑ Shaeffer, Mathew. "Virginia Dare (1587-?)". North Carolina History Project. John Locke Foundation. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  49. ↑ Kujawa-Holbrook, Sheryl A. "Adelaide Teague Case". Talbot School of Theology. Biola University. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
  50. ↑ Adams, Heather (July 26, 2014). "Remembering The 'Philadelphia 11': Where The First Female, Episcopal Priests Are 40 Years Later". Huffington Post. Religious News Service. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
  51. ↑ ""Feast of Henry Knox Sherrill." Retrieved December 30, 2016". Archived from the original on December 31, 2016. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
  52. ↑ "50 Years Ago, A White Seminarian Gave His Life To The Civil Rights Movement". NPR. August 20, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  53. ↑ Reed, Roy. "White Seminarian Slain in Alabama".
  54. ↑ Combs, Barbara Harris (2013). From Selma to Montgomery: The Long March to Freedom. Routledge. p. 86. ISBN   9781136173769.
  55. ↑ Ruane, Michael E. (August 16, 2015). "Black civil rights activist recalls white ally who took a shotgun blast for her". Washington Post. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
  56. ↑ Blair, Kathy (March 1, 2000). "Bishops sign accord decrying violence against homosexuals". Anglican Journal. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
  57. ↑ Bailey, Sarah Pulliam (January 6, 2015). "Controversial Episcopal seminary dean Katherine Hancock Ragsdale to step down". Washington Post. Religious News Service. Retrieved December 8, 2017.

Further reading

42°22′39.25″N71°07′31.45″W / 42.3775694°N 71.1254028°W / 42.3775694; -71.1254028

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.