Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri

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Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Filsoniana
Species:
F. ferdinandmuelleri
Binomial name
Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri
(S.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A.Thell & Hur (2013)
Synonyms [1]
  • Caloplaca ferdinandmuelleriS.Y.Kondr. & Kärnefelt (2009)

Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. [2] It is found in Australia. The lichen has a squamulose (scaly) thallus, with a range of bright yellow to greenish-yellow and brownish-orange colours in its soredia (powdery propagules) and apothecia (fruiting bodies), respectively. The areoles of this lichen are varied in size, slightly raised from the thallus surface, and each carries one to four apothecia. The soralia are rounded or irregularly shaped, covering most of the thallus surface as a yellow to greenish-yellow mass. The apothecia have dark brownish-orange discs , surrounded by slightly paler yellow margins, with the spore-bearing asci containing typically eight brownish-golden ascospores .

Contents

Taxonomy

It was formally described as a new species in 2009 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt, who initially classified it as a member of the genus Caloplaca . The type specimen was collected by Kondratyuk in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Melbourne, Victoria. The specimen was found near the "Temple of the Winds" and "Plant Craft Cottage buildings," amid 'grey plants' and succulents, growing on volcanic rocks known as tuffs. It was growing alongside Filsoniana rexfilsonii , which, at the time, was also a member of Caloplaca. [3] In 2013, the taxon Caloplaca ferdinandmuelleri was formally transferred to the newly proposed genus Filsoniana , as part of a molecular phylogenetics-informed restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae. [4] Gintaras Kantvilas (who prefers to maintain this taxon in a broadly defined genus Caloplaca) suggests that it is likely a sorediate counterpart to Filsoniana rexfilsonii. [5] [6]

Description

Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri is characterised by its squamulose thallus, which has a vibrant colour palette ranging from bright yellow to greenish-yellow soredia (powdery vegetative propagules) and brownish-orange apothecia (fruiting bodies). The areoles of this lichen, measuring between 0.4 and 2.7 mm in width and 100 to 200  μm in thickness, contain palisade inclusions. Initially, these areoles lie close to the substrate but gradually become more raised, with their edges curling upwards. The upper surface of the areoles is uneven, with a brownish-yellow to dull yellow colouration. Typically, each areole bears one to four apothecia and one to five conidiomata (asexual reproductive structures), either separately or in combination. [3]

The soralia measure between 0.1 and 0.2 mm in diameter, and are found along the edges or at the ends of the upper thallus surface. They are rounded to irregular in shape, with a sorediose mass covering most of the surface. This mass is bright yellow to greenish-yellow in colour, and the soredia within are approximately round, measuring between 20 and 25 μm in diameter. [3]

The apothecia of Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri are 0.3 to 0.7 mm in diameter and 0.2 to 0.25 mm thick. They are scattered or weakly aggregated, featuring dark brownish-orange discs that lack a powdery coating ( pruina ) and are surrounded by slightly paler yellowish margins. The true exciple (the outer layer of the apothecium) varies from scleroplectenchymatous to somewhat paraplectenchymatous in structure. The asci (spore-bearing structures) typically contain eight spores, which are often brownish-golden in colour. These ascospores have widely rounded ends, measuring between 13 and 17 μm in length and 6 to 8 μm in width, with moderately thick septa ranging from 3 to 6 μm. The conidiomata of this lichen are 40 to 50 μm in diameter, with long, rod-shaped conidia measuring 4 to 5.5 μm by 0.8 to 1 μm. [3]

Chemically, the epithecium of Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri reacts to a solution of potassium hydroxide (i.e., the K spot test) by turning purple. It contains several secondary metabolites (lichen products), including parietin as the major constituent, along with argopsin, atranorin, teloschistin, fallacinal as minor components, and traces of parietinic acid. [3]

Habitat and distribution

Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri has been identified in a few scattered locations across Western Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania, suggesting a distribution that spans significant parts of southeastern and southwestern Australia. It is typically found growing on terrestrial substrates, particularly favouring dolerite and volcanic rocks. In these environments, it is often found in association with other lichen species such as F. rexfilsonii and Kuettlingeria atroflava . [3] On Kangaroo Island, it has been recorded growing on siliceous rocks (including sandstone) in mallee woodland. [5]

Related Research Articles

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Filsoniana is a genus of squamulose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has six species. It was circumscribed in 2013 by Ingvar Kärnefelt, Arne Thell, Jae-Seoun Hur, Sergey Kondratyuk, and John Elix following a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Teloschistaceae. The generic name honours Australian lichenologist Rex Filson, "in recognition of his contribution to lichenology, in particular to the lichen flora of Australia".

Eilifdahlia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Caloplaca streimannii is a little-known species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in New South Wales, Australia, it is characterised by its powdery soredious mass and numerous tiny apothecia.

Elixjohnia bermaguiana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen is characterised by its varying areoles, which are thin to moderately thick, flat to slightly convex, and range from bright yellow to whitish in colour, sometimes with a greenish-yellow hue. Its apothecia are small, with a distinct orange margin and a raised brownish-orange or yellowish-brown disc.

Filsoniana australiensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms patches up to 9 cm wide, with dull pink to brownish pink lobes and a verrucose central area. It has distinctive, raised reddish-orange apothecia.

Filsoniana kiamae is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen forms small rosettes with brownish-orange areoles, and it occasionally develops isidia. Its rare apothecia are round, with brownish-orange margins and a reddish disc.

Filsoniana rexfilsonii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2007. The thallus of Filsoniana rexfilsonii comprises brownish-orange squamules each hosting one to four reproductive structures.

Neobrownliella montisfracti is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. The small lichen has dull pink to grey areoles, characterised by completely immersed, reddish to pink-brown apothecia and lacking soredia and isidia. Its areoles are closely pressed against the substrate, with the apothecia containing small, elongated ascospores and narrowly rod-shaped conidia.

Sirenophila cliffwetmorei is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia. Its thallus can reach up to 1 centimetre in width, has a whitish to whitish-grey colour, and is very thin, sometimes almost merging with the substrate, and has paler edges with a darker grey centre. Its numerous tiny apothecia give the thallus a yellow-orange appearance.

Xanthocarpia erichansenii is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in southwest Greenland, where it grows on loess among mosses.

Eilifdahlia sergeyana is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is endemic to Kangaroo Island in South Australia. The lichen thallus has an uneven and scaly texture, forming patches up to 40 mm wide in dull greenish-grey or brownish-grey. Its fruiting bodies (apothecia) are orange to yellow, with a biatorine structure, and range from 0.5 to 1 mm wide. These apothecia have a matte surface and a cup-shaped margin containing golden-yellow crystals. The paraphyses within are slender and branched, and the asci contain ellipsoid spores.

Gintarasiella is a single-species genus in the fungal family Teloschistaceae. It contains the species Gintarasiella aggregata, a saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen that is found in Australia. The lichen forms uneven, pillow-like patches up to 30 mm across, distinguished by its yellow-orange areoles that are tightly packed or spread out and soon covered by many apothecia. These fruiting bodies start as zeorine in form and later become biatorine, ranging from 0.3 to 1 mm wide and often appearing distorted due to their dense clustering.

Caloplaca patagoniensis is a species of lignicolous (wood-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Chile. It forms small thallus patches, with distinctive areoles that change from whitish or greyish-yellow to deep orange or brownish-orange, often covered by a bright orange blastidious mass. Its fruiting bodies (apothecia) are dark reddish-orange and initially immersed in the substrate, while its spores are ellipsoid to elongated, and the species contains parietin, turning purple when exposed to a potassium hydroxide solution.

Flavoplaca kantvilasii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Australia, it was formally described as a new species in 2007.

Kaernefia kaernefeltii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed in Australia.

Lazarenkoiopsis is a single-species fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains Lazarenkoiopsis ussuriensis, a corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen species found in the Russian Far East.

Elixjohnia jackelixii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in Australia and New Zealand. The lichen is characterised by its unique multilayered appearance with outer sterile rings that are brownish or greenish-yellow and inner areoles that are whitish, yellowish, or greyish, often cracked to reveal the medulla underneath. Its fruiting bodies, or apothecia, are typically attached directly to the thallus and vary in colour and shape.

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri (S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell & Hur, in Kondratyuk et al., Acta bot. hung. 55(3-4): 272 (2013)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  2. ↑ "Filsoniana ferdinandmuelleri (S.Y. Kondr. & Kärnefelt) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell & Hur". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kondratyuk, Sergij Ya.; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Elix, John A.; Thell, Arne (2009). "Contributions to the Teloschistaceae, with particular reference to the Southern Hemisphere". In Thell, Arne; Seaward, Mark R.D.; Feuerer, Tassilo (eds.). Diversity of Lichenology – Anniversary Volume. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 100. Berlin/Stuttgart: J. Cramer in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung. pp. 207–282 [241]. ISBN   978-3-443-58079-7.
  4. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.; Jeong, M.-H.; Yu, N.-H.; Kärnefelt, I.; Thell, A.; Elix, J.; Kim, J.; Kondratyuk, A.; Hur, J.-S. (2013). "Four new genera of teloschistoid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular phylogeny". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 55 (3–4): 251–274 [272]. doi:10.1556/abot.55.2013.3-4.8.
  5. 1 2 Kantvilas, Gintaras (2016). "A synopsis and key for the lichen genus Caloplaca (Teloschistaceae) on Kangaroo Island, with the description of two new species". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. 29: 53–69.
  6. ↑ Kantvilas, Gintaras (2019). "An annotated catalogue of the lichens of Kangaroo Island, South Australia". Swainsona. 32: 1–97 [21]. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
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