Flat pebblesnail

Last updated

Flat pebblesnail
Lepyrium showalteri shell.jpg
An 1870 drawing of the shell of Lepyrium showalteri
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Caenogastropoda

clade Hypsogastropoda

clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:
Rissooidea
Family:
Lithoglyphidae
Subfamily:
Lithoglyphinae
Genus:
Lepyrium

W. H. Dall, 1896 [2]
Species:
L. showalteri
Binomial name
Lepyrium showalteri
(I. Lea, 1861) [3]
Synonyms

Neritina showalteri Lea, 1861

The flat pebblesnail (Lepyrium showalteri) is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae. [4]

Contents

This species is endemic to the United States. This snail has been listed as endangered on the United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered species since October 28, 1998. [5]

Lepyrium showalteri is the only species in the genus Lepyrium. [6] Lepyrium showalteri is the type species of the genus Lepyrium. [2] Lepyriidae is a synonym of Lithoglyphinae. [4]

Description

The flat pebblesnail is a small snail in the family Lithoglyphidae; however, the species has a large and distinctive-looking shell. This snail's shell is also distinguished by its depressed spire and expanded, flattened body whorl. The shells are ovate in outline, flattened, and grow to 3.5 to 4.4 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) high and 4 to 5 mm (0.2 in) wide. The umbilical area is imperforate (no opening), and there are 2 to 3 whorls which rapidly expand. [7]

The anatomy of this species was described in detail by Thompson in 1984. [6]

Original description

Species Lepyrium showalteri was originally described as Neritina showalteri by Isaac Lea in 1861. [3]

Lea's original text (the type description) reads as follows:

Neritina Showalterii. Testâ, laevi, rotundatâ, diaphanâ, luteo-corneâ; spirâ valdè depressâ; suturis leviter impressis; anfractibus trinis, inflatis; aperturâ semirotundâ; labio dilatato, albo, incrassato, edentulo et incurvato ; labro dilatato, tenui, margine acuto.

Operculum.

Hab. Coosa River, ten miles above Fort William, Shelby Co., Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D.

Remarks. The discovery of this shell by Dr. Showalter marks the first notice of the genus Neritina being observed in our fresh waters. His very close observation and active investigation of the waters of central and northern Alabama, have enabled him to lay the naturalists of this country under many obligations by new discoveries, and this is certainly one of much importance. We now see for the first time that this genus, which is common in Europe, Africa, Asia, South America and the West Indies, also inhabits our southern fresh waters. I have great pleasure in naming the species after the discoverer.

This species is not closely allied to any which has come under my notice. It is more rotund than usual, has a clear horn-colored epidermis, smooth and shining; the substance of the shell so thin as to permit the column to be visible through it.

It is to be regretted that among the four specimens sent to me by Dr. Showalter, neither had an operculum. The soft parts of the animal have not yet been observed.

Distribution

This species is endemic to Alabama in the United States. It was historically known from: [6]

The flat pebblesnail has not been found in the Coosa River portion of its range since the construction of the Lay Dam and Logan Martin Dam, and recent survey efforts have failed to locate any surviving populations outside of the Cahaba River drainage. [8] [9] [10] [11]

The flat pebblesnail is currently known from one site on the Little Cahaba River, Bibb County, and from a single shoal series on the Cahaba River above the Fall Line, Shelby County, Alabama. [9]

Ecology

Little is known of the natural history of this species. The flat pebblesnail is found attached to clean, smooth stones in rapid currents of river shoals. [7] The eggs are laid in capsules on hard surfaces. [6] The life span appears to be 1 year. [12]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cahaba River</span> River in Alabama, United States

The Cahaba River is the longest substantially free-flowing river in Alabama and is among the most scenic and biologically diverse rivers in the United States. It is a major tributary of the Alabama River and part of the larger Mobile River basin. With headwaters near Birmingham, the Cahaba flows southwest, then at Heiberger turns southeast and joins the Alabama River at the ghost town and former Alabama capital of Cahaba in Dallas County. Entirely within central Alabama, the Cahaba River is 194 miles (312 km) long and drains an area of 1,870 square miles (4,800 km2). The name Cahaba is derived from the Choctaw words oka meaning "water" and aba meaning "above"

Cahaba may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue shiner</span> Species of fish

The blue shiner is a species of fish in the carp family. It is native to the southeastern United States, where it is endemic to the Cahaba and Coosa River systems of the Mobile River Basin. This is a federally listed threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of the United States.

Antrorbis breweri, common name Manitou cavesnail, is a species of freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cahaba pebblesnail</span> Species of gastropod

The Cahaba pebblesnail, scientific name Clappia cahabensis, is a species of very small freshwater snail, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Lithoglyphidae.

<i>Clappia</i> (gastropod) Genus of molluscs

Clappia is a genus of small freshwater snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Lithoglyphidae.

<i>Clappia umbilicata</i> Species of gastropod

Clappia umbilicata, the umbilicate pebblesnail, was a species of small freshwater snail that had an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae. This species is now extinct.

The lacy elimia also known as the lacey elimia, scientific name Elimia crenatella, is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pleuroceridae.

<i>Leptoxis ampla</i> Species of gastropod

Leptoxis ampla, common name the round rocksnail, is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Pleuroceridae.

<i>Leptoxis compacta</i> Species of gastropod

Leptoxis compacta, the oblong rocksnail, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pleuroceridae.

Leptoxis foremani, the interrupted rocksnail, is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pleuroceridae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plicate rocksnail</span> Species of gastropod

The plicate rocksnail, scientific name Leptoxis plicata, is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pleuroceridae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Painted rocksnail</span> Species of gastropod

The painted rocksnail is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pleuroceridae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cylindrical lioplax</span> Species of gastropod

The cylindrical lioplax, scientific name Lioplax cyclostomaformis, is a species of freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Viviparidae.

The hidden pebblesnail, scientific name Somatogyrus decipiens, is a species of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae.

<i>Tulotoma</i> Genus of gastropods

Tulotoma magnifica, common name the Alabama live-bearing snail or tulotoma, is an endangered species of large freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Viviparidae.

<i>Gillia altilis</i> Species of gastropod

Gillia altilis, common name the Buffalo pebblesnail, is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk with an operculum in the family Lithoglyphidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rainbow shiner</span> Species of fish

The rainbow shiner is a North American species of ray-finned fish in the genus Notropis.

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference [3] and a public domain work of the United States Government from the reference [7]

  1. ↑ Bogan, A.E. (1996). "Lepyrium showalteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996: e.T11803A3309572. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T11803A3309572.en . Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Dall W. H.(1896). "Note on Neritina schowalteri Lea". The Nautilus 10(2): 13-15.
  3. 1 2 3 Lea I. (1861). "Description of a new species of NERITINA, from Coosa River, Alabama". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13(1861): page 55.
  4. 1 2 Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia . Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN   3-925919-72-4. ISSN   0076-2997.
  5. ↑ U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. "Species profile Flat pebblesnail (Lepyrium showalteri)". Accessed 27 November 2008.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Thompson F. G. (1984). "North American freshwater snail general of the hydrobiid subfamily Lithoglyphinae". Malacologia 25(1): 109-141.
  7. 1 2 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2005). Recovery Plan for 6 Mobile River Basin Aquatic Snails. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jackson, Mississippi. 46 pp., page 5-6.
  8. ↑ Bogan A. E. & Pierson J. M. (1993). Survey of the aquatic gastropods of the Coosa River Basin, Alabama: 1992. Alabama Natural Heritage Program. Contract Number 1923.
  9. 1 2 Bogan A. E. & Pierson J. M. (1993). Survey of the aquatic gastropods of the Cahaba River Basin, Alabama: 1992. Alabama Natural Heritage Program. Contract Number 1922.
  10. ↑ McGregor S. W., Sheppard T. E., Richardson T. D. & Fitzpatrick J. F. Jr. (1996). A survey of the primary tributaries of the Alabama and lower Tombigbee rivers for listed and candidate species of freshwater mussels, snails, and crayfish, 1994-1996. Geological Survey of Alabama. 29 pp.
  11. ↑ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Field Records, Jackson, Mississippi, 1989-1996; Bogan in litt. (1995). M. Pierson Field Records, Calera, Alabama, in litt., 1993-1994; J. Garner, pers. comm. (1996); J. Johnson, in litt. (1996); In: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2005). Recovery Plan for 6 Mobile River Basin Aquatic Snails. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jackson, Mississippi. 46 pp., page 5-6.
  12. ↑ Johnson P. pers. comm. (2005). In: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2005). Recovery Plan for 6 Mobile River Basin Aquatic Snails. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jackson, Mississippi. 46 pp., page 5-6.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.