Fokker T.V | |
---|---|
General information | |
Type | Bomber |
Manufacturer | Fokker |
Primary user | Dutch Army Aviation Brigade |
Number built | 16 |
History | |
Introduction date | 1938 |
First flight | 16 October 1937 |
Retired | 1940 |
The Fokker T.V was a twin-engine bomber, described as an "aerial cruiser", [1] built by Fokker for the Netherlands Air Force.
Modern for its time, by the German invasion of 1940 it was outclassed by the airplanes of the Luftwaffe , although it was used with some success.
In the early 1930s, the Luchtvaartafdeling (i.e. the Netherlands Army Air Force) became interested in the luchtkruiser (aerial cruiser) concept multipurpose aircraft, which was to have a primary role of intercepting and destroying enemy bomber formations, with a secondary role as a long-range bomber, with Colonel P.W. Best, commander of the Luchtvaartafdeling stating on 28 March 1935 that aircraft of the luchtkruiser should be purchased in as large numbers as possible, proposing to cancel procurement of the Fokker D.XXI fighter to release funds. [2]
To meet this requirement, Fokker developed the T.V, a five-seat, twin-engined monoplane. It featured a wooden wing, while the slab-sided fuselage was of mixed construction, with a wooden monocoque centre fuselage, a fabric covered steel tube rear fuselage and a duralumin forward fuselage. While this construction method was typical for Fokker aircraft, it was obsolete compared with contemporary aircraft of its size, which were normally of all-metal construction. [3] It was fitted with a 20 mm autocannon in the nose to meet the bomber destroyer part of the requirement, and four defensive Browning machine guns, one each in dorsal, ventral and tail positions, with one capable of being switched between two waist positions. It had a bomb-bay under the centre fuselage capable of carrying up to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of bombs. [4]
A contract was signed for 16 T.Vs on 7 December 1936, [3] with the first aircraft (not a prototype as such) flying on 16 October 1937 from Schiphol airfield. [4]
The first 11 T.Vs, by now considered medium bombers, were delivered in 1938, with the last 4 following in 1939. [5] Although it had good handling characteristics, it suffered from reliability problems with its engines and propellers, and by the summer of 1939, the Netherlands was planning to purchase 24 Dornier Do 215s to replace them. [6]
On 10 May 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. The T.V soon saw its first combat: when taking off from Schiphol to avoid air attack, eight T.Vs encountered a formation of German bombers, shooting down two. [7] After this, the T.V reverted to its primary bomber role, being used in attacks against German airborne troops landing at The Hague and Rotterdam. By the end of the first day of fighting only two T.Vs were serviceable. These were sent against bridges over the Meuse at Rotterdam on 11 May and a further aircraft was shot down; the final T.V was shot down on 13 May during attacks on bridges at Moerdijk. [8]
As the T.V lacked self-sealing fuel tanks, they gained a reputation for rapidly catching fire when hit by enemy fire. [9]
Data fromFrustrated Fokker [10]
General characteristics
Performance
Armament
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
A heavy fighter is a historic category of fighter aircraft produced in the 1930s and 1940s, designed to carry heavier weapons or operate at longer ranges than light fighter aircraft. To achieve performance, most heavy fighters were twin-engine, and many had multi-place crews; this was in contrast to light fighters, which were typically single-engine and single-crew aircraft. In Germany, these larger fighters were known as Zerstörer ("destroyers").
The AEG C.IV was a two-seat biplane reconnaissance aircraft designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft.
The Fokker G.I was a Dutch twin-engined heavy fighter aircraft comparable in size and role to the German Messerschmitt Bf 110. Although in production prior to World War II, its combat introduction came at a time the Netherlands were overrun by the Germans. The few G.Is that were mustered into service were able to score several victories. Some were captured intact after the Germans had occupied the Netherlands. The remainder of the production run was taken over by the Luftwaffe for use as trainers.
The Fokker D.XXI fighter was designed in 1935 by Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker in response to requirements laid out by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force.
The Fokker C.X was a Dutch biplane scout and light bomber designed in 1933. It had a crew of two.
The Fokker C.V was a Dutch light reconnaissance and bomber biplane aircraft manufactured by Fokker. It was designed by Anthony Fokker and the series manufacture began in 1924 at Fokker in Amsterdam.
Fokker D.XVII, was a 1930s Dutch sesquiplane developed by Fokker. It was the last fabric-covered biplane fighter they developed in a lineage that extended back to the First World War Fokker D.VII.
The Henschel Hs 124 was Henschel's entry into the Luftwaffe's twin-engine Kampfzerstörer requirement, but was abandoned after this programme was split into separate Zerstörer and Schnellbomber requirements. Three prototypes were planned, but only two were built
The Fokker T.VIII is a twin-engined torpedo bomber and aerial reconnaissance floatplane designed and manufactured by the Dutch aviation company Fokker.
The Fokker F.IX was an airliner developed in the Netherlands in the late 1920s, intended to provide KLM with an aircraft suitable for regular services to the Dutch East Indies. When the onset of the Great Depression forced the postponement of those plans, the market for this aircraft disappeared as well, although it did see military service in Czechoslovakia as a bomber.
The PZL.48 Lampart (leopard) was a Polish heavy fighter-bomber design, that remained only a project, owing to the outbreak of World War II.
The Gotha G.III was a twin-engine pusher biplane heavy bomber used by the Luftstreitkräfte during World War I. It succeeded the G.II in production and differed primarily in powerplant and in armament details. The G.II's unreliable Mercedes D.IV was replaced by the new inline six-cylinder 190 kW (250 hp) Mercedes D.IVa engine. The G.III also had an extra 7.92 mm (0.312 in) machine gun firing through a ventral gun opening to protect the underside of the tail.
The Fokker D.III was a German single-seat fighter aircraft of World War I. It saw limited frontline service before being withdrawn from combat in December 1916.
Entering service in 1915, the Rumpler C.I,, two-seater single-engine reconnaissance biplane, was one of the first German C-type aircraft, and also one of the longest serving in its class during World War I, being retired from the last front line units only in early 1918.
The Fokker T.IV was a Dutch torpedo bomber/maritime reconnaissance floatplane of the 1920s and 1930s. First flying in 1927, it served with the Dutch Naval Aviation Service in the Dutch East Indies until the remaining aircraft were destroyed during the Japanese invasion in 1942.
The Fokker D.XVI was a sesquiplane fighter aircraft developed in the Netherlands in the late 1920s.
The Fokker F.XIV was a cargo plane built in the Netherlands in the late 1920s by Fokker. It was a high-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional trimotor layout. The sole example was tested by KLM but never put into service.
The sole Boulton & Paul P.32 was a British three-engined biplane built to an Air Ministry specification for a long range night bomber. A lack of engine availability slowed construction and by the time it went for tests the thinking on bomber types had moved on.
The Fokker T.IX was a Dutch twin-engined bomber designed and built by Fokker for the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force as a replacement for their obsolescent Martin-built bombers.
The NVI F.K.35 or Koolhoven F.K.35 was a two-seat fighter aircraft built in the Netherlands during 1926. It was completed and exhibited but, through a combination of ground accident and financial problems, never flown.