The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics. Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as Ganoderma and Fomes, contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of forest and amenity trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine.
The Hymenochaetales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order in its current sense is based on molecular research and not on any unifying morphological characteristics. According to one 2008 estimate, the Hymenochaetales contain around 600 species worldwide, mostly corticioid fungi and poroid fungi, but also including several clavarioid fungi and agarics. Species of economic importance include wood decay fungi in the genera Phellinus and Inonotus sensu lato, some of which may cause losses in forestry. Therapeutic properties are claimed for Inonotus obliquus ("chaga") and Phellinus linteus, both of which are now commercially marketed.
The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills or gill-like structures. Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.
Abundisporus is a small genus of poroid fungi currently with seven recognized species. They differ from other polypores in having coloured rather than hyaline spores.
Perenniporia is a cosmopolitan genus of bracket-forming or crust-like polypores in the family Polyporaceae. They are dimitic or trimitic with smooth, thick-walled basidiospores and cause a white rot in affected wood.
Daedalea is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1801 by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon, based on the type D. quercina and four other species. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek δαιδαλεος.
Postia is a genus of brown rot fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.
Phylloporia is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae. A 2012 estimate placed 23 species in the genus; this number was increased to 30 by 2015.
Haploporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae.
Ceriporiopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. The genus is widely distributed, and, according to a 2008 estimate, contains about 25 species. Ceriporiopsis was circumscribed in 1963 by Polish mycologist Stanislaw Domanski. The genus is a wastebasket taxon, containing "species that share common macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, but are not necessarily related." Ceriporiopsis species are crust fungi that cause a white rot. They have a monomitic hyphal system, containing only generative hyphae, and these hyphae have clamp connections.
Ceriporia is a widely distributed genus of crust fungi.
Grammothelopsis is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed in 1982 by Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich, with Grammothelopsis macrospora as the type species.
Skeletocutis is a genus of about 40 species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although most species are found in the Northern Hemisphere. Skeletocutis causes a white rot in a diverse array of woody substrates. Their fruit bodies grow as a crust on the surface of the decaying wood. Sometimes the edges of the crust are turned outward to form rudimentary bracket-like caps.
Phellinus ellipsoideus is a species of polypore fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae, a specimen of which produced the largest fungal fruit body ever recorded. Found in China, the fruit bodies produced by the species are brown, woody basidiocarps that grow on dead wood, where the fungus feeds as a saprotroph. The basidiocarps are perennial, allowing them to grow very large under favourable circumstances. They are resupinate, measuring 30 centimetres (12 in) or more in length, though typically extending less than a centimetre from the surface of the wood. P. ellipsoideus produces distinct ellipsoidal spores, after which it is named, and unusual setae. These two features allow it to be readily differentiated microscopically from other, similar species. Chemical compounds isolated from the species include several steroidal compounds. These may have pharmacological applications, but further research is needed.
Cyanotrama is a fungal genus in the Hymenochaetales order. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Cyanotrama rimosa, widely distributed in western North America. It has also been collected in single occasions in Ethiopia and Iran. The fungus causes a white rot in conifers, especially junipers. C. rimosa was originally named Poria rimos in 1920 by William Alphonso Murrill, and later known as Diplomitoporus rimosus. Molecular work revealed that the species was aligned not with the polyporoid fungi as previously assumed, but rather with the hymenochaetoid fungi, and Cyanotrama was created to contain it. The genus name refers to the strong cyanophilic reaction of the skeletal hyphae, particularly noticeable in the trama.
Fomitiporia nobilissima is a fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. Found in Gabon, it was described as new to science in 2010.
Fomitiporia gabonensis is a fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It was first isolated from Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in the Guineo-Congolian forest. It has a pileate basidiome, small basidiospores and an absence of setae. Morphological features that differentiate this species with F. nobilissima and F. ivindoensis are its pileus' shape, pore surface color and diameter, as well as its ecology.
Fomitiporia ivindoensis is a fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae. It was first isolated from Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in the Guineo-Congolian forest. It has a pileate basidiome, small basidiospores and an absence of setae. Morphological features that differentiate this species with F. nobilissima and F. gabonensis are its pileus' shape, pore surface color and diameter, as well as its ecology.
Perenniporiella is a genus of five species of polypore fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was segregated from Perenniporia by Cony Decock and Leif Ryvarden in 2003 with P. neofulva as the type species.
Truncospora is a genus of 10 species of fungi in the family Polyporaceae.
