Politics of Malaysia takes place in the framework of a federal representative democratic constitutional monarchy, in which the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is head of state and the Prime Minister of Malaysia is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the federal government and the 13 state governments. Legislative power is vested in the federal parliament and the 13 state assemblies. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature, though the executive maintains a certain level of influence in the appointment of judges to the courts.
Mahathir bin Mohamad is a Malaysian politician, author, and physician who served as the 4th and 7th Prime Minister of Malaysia. He held the office from July 1981 to October 2003 and later from May 2018 to March 2020 for a cumulative total of 24 years, making him the country's longest-serving prime minister, as well as the first and only person to be appointed Prime Minister twice. Before becoming premier, he served as Deputy Prime Minister and in other cabinet positions. He was a Member of Parliament for Langkawi from May 2018 to October 2022, Kubang Pasu from August 1974 to March 2004, and Kota Setar Selatan from April 1964 to May 1969. His political career has spanned more than 75 years, from joining protests opposing citizenship policies for non-Malays in the Malayan Union in the 1940s to forming the Gerakan Tanah Air coalition in 2022.
Tun Abdullah bin Ahmad Badawi is a Malaysian retired politician who served as the 5th Prime Minister of Malaysia from October 2003 to April 2009. He was also the sixth president of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the largest political party in Malaysia, and led the governing Barisan Nasional (BN) parliamentary coalition. He is informally known as Pak Lah, Pak meaning 'Uncle', while Lah is taken from his name 'Abdullah'.
The United Malays National Organisation ; abbreviated UMNO or less commonly PEKEMBAR, is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia, UMNO has once been called Malaysia's "Grand Old Party".
Tan Sri Dato' Haji Mahiaddin bin Md. Yasin, commonly known as Muhyiddin bin Mohd. Yassin, is a Malaysian politician who served as the 8th Prime Minister of Malaysia from March 2020 to August 2021. Appointed as prime minister amid a political crisis, Muhyiddin served for 17 months and resigned after losing parliamentary support, making him the second shortest-serving prime minister in Malaysian history after Ismail Sabri Yaakob. He is the first prime minister to appoint senior ministers under his administration.
Mohamed Azmin bin Ali is a Malaysian politician who served as Senior Minister of the Economic Cluster and as Minister of International Trade and Industry from 2020 to 2022. A member of Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (BERSATU), which is the component party of Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition, he served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gombak from 2008 to 2022 and Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Antarabangsa since March 2008.
Anthony Loke Siew Fook is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Minister of Transport for the second term in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim since December 2022 and the first term in the PH administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020, the Member of Parliament (MP) for Seremban since May 2013, Rasah from March 2008 to May 2013 and Member of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Chennah since May 2013, Lobak from March 2004 to May 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH coalition. He has served as the 6th Secretary-General of DAP since March 2022, 2nd Parliamentary Leader of DAP from July 2018 to March 2022 and previously as National Organising Secretary of DAP. He also served as State Chairman of the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) opposition coalition of Negeri Sembilan before PH took over power from the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition of the state in May 2018.
Mahathir Mohamad, the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia, formed the first Mahathir cabinet in 1981 after being invited by Tuanku Ahmad Shah to form a new government following the resignation of the previous Prime Minister, Hussein Onn. Hussein had presided over the second Hussein cabinet, a coalition government that consisted of members of the component parties of Barisan Nasional. It was the 9th cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence.
Mahathir Mohamad formed the second Mahathir cabinet after being invited by Tuanku Ahmad Shah to begin a new government following the 22 April 1982 general election in Malaysia. Prior to the election, Mahathir led the first Mahathir cabinet, a coalition government that consisted of members of the component parties of Barisan Nasional. It was the 10th cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence.
Mahathir Mohamad formed the third Mahathir cabinet after being invited by Tuanku Iskandar to begin a new government following the 3 August 1986 general election in Malaysia. Prior to the election, Mahathir led the second Mahathir cabinet, a coalition government that consisted of members of the component parties of Barisan Nasional. It was the 11th cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence.
Mahathir Mohamad formed the fifth Mahathir cabinet after being invited by Tuanku Jaafar to begin a new government following the 25 April 1995 general election in Malaysia. Prior to the election, Mahathir led the fourth Mahathir cabinet, a coalition government that consisted of members of the component parties of Barisan Nasional. It was the 13th cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence.
Mahathir Mohamad formed the sixth Mahathir cabinet after being invited by Tuanku Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah to begin a new government following the 29 November 1999 general election in Malaysia. Prior to the election, Mahathir led the fifth Mahathir cabinet, a coalition government that consisted of members of the component parties of Barisan Nasional. It was the 14th cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence.
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi formed the first Abdullah cabinet after being invited by Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin to begin a new government following the resignation of the previous Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad. Prior to the election, Mahathir led the sixth Mahathir cabinet, a coalition government that consisted of members of the component parties of Barisan Nasional. It was the 15th cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence.
The Alliance of Hope is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has been the ruling coalition since November 2022 after it formed the coalition government with other political coalitions and parties as a result of the 2022 Malaysian general election, and after it won the 2018 Malaysian general election to February 2020 when it lost power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis at the federal level for 22 months. The coalition deposed the Barisan Nasional coalition government during the 2018 election, ending its 60-year-long reign since independence.
The Malaysian United Indigenous Party, abbreviated BERSATU or PPBM, is a nationalist political party in Malaysia. The party was preceded by the United Indigenous Association of Malaysia. It is a major component party within the Perikatan Nasional coalition. BERSATU was approved and fully registered on 14 January 2017 by the Registrar of Societies (ROS) and the use of the BERSATU logo was authorized by the Malaysian Election Commission (SPR). The party held the Prime Ministerial position as well as the majority of positions in the cabinet from May 2020 to August 2021. The party's founding members came from the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and Barisan Nasional rebel group Gabungan Ketua Cawangan Malaysia in 2016.
Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, being the Prime Minister of Malaysia for the second time on 10 May 2018, formed the seventh Mahathir cabinet after being invited by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Muhammad V to form a new government. It was the 20th cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence. Initially, he announced that the Cabinet will be composed of 10 key ministries only representing Pakatan Harapan parties, i.e. Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP) and National Trust Party (AMANAH), as he suggested "to being a small Cabinet" rather than to have "a huge Cabinet". Then, on 21 May 2018, that list has expanded by 13 ministries. On 2 July 2018, 13 Ministers and 23 Deputy Ministers took office. It was a cabinet of 28 ministers until their fall on 24 February 2020 following Mahathir's resignation.
International reactions to the 2018 Malaysian general election are the reactions after Pakatan Harapan successfully obtained the majority seat in the Parliament. It was the first transition of power in the Government of Malaysia since the independent of Malaysia ending the 61-year reign of the ruling Barisan Nasional. Following a decisive victory for Pakatan Harapan in the 2018 election, Mahathir Mohamad was sworn in as Prime Minister on 10 May 2018.
The 2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis was a political crisis in Malaysia. It was caused by several members of the 14th parliament (MPs) changing party support, leading to the loss of a parliamentary majority, the collapse of two successive coalition governments, and the resignation of two Prime Ministers in less than 18 months. The crisis led to a 2022 snap general election and eventual formation of a national unity government.
The Homeland Fighter's Party is a Malay-based political party of Malaysia, formed in August 2020 by the former Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad in opposition to the ruling Perikatan Nasional and Barisan Nasional government led by the then-Prime Minister and president of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin.
The Anwar Ibrahim cabinet is the current federal cabinet of Malaysia, formed on 3 December 2022, eight days after Anwar Ibrahim took office as the 10th Prime Minister of Malaysia. The composition of the cabinet was announced a day earlier on 2 December 2022, consisting of almost all parties represented in the 15th Parliament. Although Perikatan Nasional was also invited to join the government, it decided to reject the offer and instead formed the federal opposition. The governing parties have named this cabinet the "Unity Government Cabinet" despite it not technically being a unity government.
