Franz Eckerle

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Franz Eckerle
Franz Eckerle.jpg
Eckerle as a Hauptmann
Born24 April 1912
Baden-Baden, Germany
Died14 February 1942(1942-02-14) (aged 29)
missing in action near Velikiye Luki
AllegianceFlag of Germany (1935-1945).svg  Nazi Germany
Service/branch Balkenkreuz.svg   Luftwaffe
Years of service1935–1942
Rank Hauptmann (captain)
Unit JG 135, JG 76, JG 54
Commands held3./JG 138, 3./JG 76, 6./JG 54
I./JG 54
Battles/wars World War II
Awards Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Other work Aerobatics pilot

Franz Eckerle (24 April 1912 – 14 February 1942) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and aerobatics pilot. As a fighter ace during World War II, he was credited with 59 aerial victories, four over the Western Allies and 55 on the Eastern Front. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. [1]

Contents

Born in Baden-Baden, Eckerle grew up in the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. Already trained as a pilot, he joined the military service in the Luftwaffe in 1935. Following further training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 135. In 1938 and 1939, Eckerle competed in the German Aeronautical Nationals. At the outbreak of World War II, he was serving with Jagdgeschwader 76 and claimed his first aerial victory on 15 May 1940 during the Battle of France. Following further aerial victories claimed during the Battle of Britain and Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Eckerle was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 18 September 1941. In January 1942, Eckerle was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 54. Following aerial combat on 14 February 1942, he went missing in action, presumed killed in action, near Schlüsselburg. Posthumously, Eckerle was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 12 March 1942 for 59 aerial victories.

Early life and career

Eckerle was born on 24 April 1912 in Baden-Baden, at the time in the Grand Duchy of Baden of the German Empire. [2] Already trained as a pilot, he joined the military service of the Luftwaffe on 1 April 1935. On 1 April 1937, Eckerle was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) and posted to the I. Gruppe (1st group) of Jagdgeschwader 135 (JG 135—135th Fighter Wing) based in Bad Aibling. [3] The Gruppe had just been created on 15 March and was commanded by Major Max Ibel. [4]

In 1938, flying a Klemm Kl 35, Eckerle took fourth place in 10th German Aeronautical Nationals in Nuremberg. [5] The following year, flying a Bücker Bü 133 Jungmeister, he took second place at the 11th German Aeronautical Nationals in Frankfurt. [6] [7]

Following the Anschluss , Austria's annexation into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938, Eckerle was posted to I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 138 (JG 138—138th Fighter Wing) stationed in Wien-Schwechat also referred to as the "Wiener-Jagdgruppe" ("Vienna fighter group"). There, he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 3. Staffel (3rd squadron) of JG 138 in 1939. [3] On 1 May 1939, his unit I./JG 138 was re-designated I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 76 (I./JG 76—1st group of the 76th Fighter Wing). [8]

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. In preparation of the invasion, I. Gruppe of JG 76 had been moved to an airfield at Stubendorf, present-day Izbicko in Poland, in mid-August 1939 and supported the German advance on the central and southern sectors of the front. [9] On 14 September, I. Gruppe was withdrawn from combat operations and returned to its home airfield at Wien-Aspern where it arrived on 26 September. [9] On 26 October, the Gruppenstab (headquarters unit) and 1. Staffel were ordered to Frankfurt Rhein-Main where it was united again with 2. and 3. Staffel on 2 November. From Frankfurt Rhein-Main, the Gruppe flew fighter protection during the "Phoney War" for the Frankfurt, Rhine and Saar region. In April 1940, I. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Mainz-Finthen, originally named Fliegerhorst Ober-Olm. The Gruppe stayed at Ober-Olm until the Battle of France began. [10] Supporting the German crossing of the Meuse, Eckerle claimed his first and only aerial victory over a Supermarine Spitfire fighter on 15 May during the Battle of Sedan. [11]

On 26 June 1940, I. Gruppe of JG 76 was moved to the airfield at Waalhaven in the Netherlands and subordinated to Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing). There, the Gruppe was tasked with providing aerial protection over the Dutch coastal area. On 5 July, I./JG 76 was officially integrated into JG 54 and was renamed to II./JG 54 and 3./JG 76 became 6./JG 54. [12] On 25 August, II. Gruppe of JG 54 was placed under the command of Hauptmann Dietrich Hrabak. [13]

War against the Soviet Union

Following the surrender of the Royal Yugoslav Army on 17 April 1941, while stationed at an airfield at Zemun near Belgrade, the Geschwader received orders on 3 May 1941 to turn over all Bf 109-Es so they could receive the new Bf 109-F variant. Transition training was completed at Airfield Stolp-Reitz in Pomerania. Following intensive training, the Geschwader was moved to airfields in Eastern Prussia. On 18 June, II. Gruppe relocated to Neukuhren, present-day Pionersky, and then to Trakehnen, present-day Yasnaya Polyana, on 20 June. The Wehrmacht launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, on 22 June with II. Gruppe supporting Army Group North in its strategic goal towards Leningrad. [14] Prior, Eckerle was promoted to Hauptmann (captain) on 1 June 1941. [15]

On the first day of the invasion, II. Gruppe flew multiple missions in support of German bombers attacking Soviet airfields near Kowno, present-day Kaunas. That day, Eckerle claimed a Tupolev SB bomber shot down. [16] This was his fifth aerial victory in total. [17] On 25 June, the Gruppe followed the German advance and relocated to an airfield at Kowno. Two days later they moved to Dünaburg, present-day Daugavpils. On 28 June, the 8th Panzer Division had established a bridgehead across the Daugava. Operating from Dünaburg, Eckerle claimed three Ilyushin DB-3 bombers shot down on 30 June over the bridgehead. [18] Following his 30th aerial victory, Eckerle was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 18 September. The presentation was made by General der Flieger Helmuth Förster, commanding general of the I. Fliegerkorps (1st Air Corps). [19]

In early November, the Gruppe was withdrawn from the Eastern Front for a period of rest and replenishment where they were based at airfields in Döberitz, and later at Uetersen. By 20 December, the Gruppe had received 40 Focke Wulf Fw 190  A fighter aircraft. The order for conversion to the Fw 190 was recanted and ordered to Jesau near Königsberg, present-day Kaliningrad in Russia, where they received 40 Bf 109-F-4 aircraft. [20] During this period, Eckerle was transferred to the Gruppenstab of I. Gruppe of JG 54. Command of 6. Staffel was then passed to Hauptmann Carl Sattig. [21]

Group commander and death

On 5 January 1942, Eckerle was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I. Gruppe of JG 54. He succeeded Hauptmann Erich von Selle who was transferred. The Gruppe was based at Krasnogvardeysk, present-day Gatchina and fought in the aerial battles of the Siege of Leningrad. [22] On 7 January, the Soviet Volkhov Front attacked German forces at Volkhov river while the Soviet Northwestern Front attacked south of Lake Ilmen in what became the Battle of Lyuban. That day, Soviet bombers attacked Ziverskaya Airfield, defending against this attack, Eckerle shot down one aircraft. [23] Over thex days, the Gruppe again flew missions in support of the Heer (army) along the Volkhov in the combat area southeast of Leningrad near Tosno. On 13 January, Eckerle was credited with shooting down a SB-2 bomber followed by two Polikarpov I-16 fighters shot down on 19 January. [24]

Eckerle was forced to make an emergency landing in his Messerschmitt Bf 109  F-4 (Werknummer 9728—factory number) behind Soviet lines near Woronowo, southeast of Schlüsselburg, on 14 February 1942. [25] He was posted as missing in action and presumed killed. He was posthumously honored with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 12 March 1942 for 59 aerial victories. [26] Eckerle was succeeded by Hauptmann Hans Philipp as commander of I. Gruppe. [27] According to Soviet sources, Eckerle was shot down near Turyshkino, located approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) southeast of Mga. He was likely shot down by Mladshiy Leytenant Petrukhin, Mladshiy Leytenant Markov, and Serzhant Savosin from 71 IAP (Fighter Aviation Regiment—Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk) of the KBF (Krasnoznamyonnyy Baltiyskiy Flot), the air force of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. [28] Page states that he was shot near Velikiye Luki. [29]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Eckerle was credited with 59 aerial victories. [30] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 59 aerial victory claims, all of which confirmed. This number includes 55 on the Eastern Front and four on the Western Front. [31]

Chronicle of aerial victories

  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.

ClaimDateTimeTypeLocationClaimDateTimeTypeLocation
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 76 – [32]
Battle of France – 10 May – 25 June 1940
115 May 194012:00 Spitfire [33]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 – [32]
At the Channel and over England – 26 June 1940 – 29 March 1941
230 July 194020:04 Blenheim Vlissingen [34] 49 November 194011:45Spitfire3 km (1.9 mi) east of Deal [35]
31 August 194016:50Blenheim5 km (3.1 mi) off Haamstede [34]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 54 – [32]
Operation Barbarossa – 22 June – 5 December 1941
522 June 194117:30 SB-2 [36] 2225 July 194107:55 DB-3 [37]
630 June 194106:50DB-3 [38] 2310 August 194104:10 I-16 [39]
730 June 194106:51DB-3 [38] 2412 August 194112:35I-18 (MiG-1) [39]
830 June 194112:32DB-3 [38] 2512 August 194117:45 I-153 [40]
92 July 194120:30SB-3 [41] 2614 August 194111:15I-16east of Petrovskoye [40]
102 July 194120:32SB-3 [41] 2718 August 194112:15I-18 (MiG-1) [40]
112 July 194120:40SB-3 [41] 2822 August 194119:18I-16 [40]
126 July 194104:05SB-2 [41] 2922 August 194119:21I-16 [40]
137 July 194106:46DB-3 [41] 3023 August 194118:50I-16 [40]
147 July 194115:50SB-3 [41] 313 September 194111:30I-18 (MiG-1) [42]
1517 July 194509:35SB-2 [43] 328 September 194113:30I-18 (MiG-1) [42]
1619 July 194120:45SB-2 [37] 338 September 194113:40I-18 (MiG-1) [42]
1719 July 194120:46SB-2 [37] 3415 September 194117:20I-18 (MiG-1) [42]
1822 July 194109:56I-18 (MiG-1) [37] 3517 September 194113:45low wing monoplane [42]
1922 July 194118:15I-18 (MiG-1) [37] 3619 September 194107:07SB-3 [42]
2023 July 194103:25I-16 [37] 3719 September 194107:09SB-3 [42]
2123 July 194103:26I-16 [37] 3814 October 194115:30SB-3 [44]
– Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 – [45]
Eastern Front – 6 December 1941 – 14 February 1942
391 January 194210:35I-16 [46] 5028 January 194212:06I-18 (MiG-1) [46]
401 January 194210:42I-16 [46] 5130 January 194211:11I-18 (MiG-1) [46]
411 January 194214:08I-153 [46] 52? [Note 1] 2 February 194214:44I-1610 km (6.2 mi) south-southwest of Narva [47]
427 January 194214:50I-16 [46] 533 February 194209:25I-18 (MiG-1) [47]
4313 January 194208:53SB-2 [46] 543 February 194209:45I-18 (Mig-1) [47]
4419 January 194211:05I-16 [46] 555 February 194215:37I-18 (MiG-1) [47]
4519 January 194211:10I-16 [46]  ? [Note 2] 6 February 194211:25MiG-1 [32]
4621 January 194209:30 Il-2 [46] 567 February 194209:15I-16 [47]
4726 January 194213:22I-18 (MiG-1) [46] 577 February 194213:00I-16 [47] ? [Note 3]
4828 January 194209:03I-180 (Yak-7) [46] 587 February 194215:42Il-2 [47]
4928 January 194209:06I-180 (Yak-7) [46] 5914 February 194214:25I-153 [47] vicinity of Woronovo

Awards

Notes

  1. ↑ This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman. [32]
  2. ↑ This claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock. [47]
  3. ↑ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Polikarpov Po-2 also U-2. [48]

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References

Citations

  1. ↑ Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
  2. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 49.
  3. 1 2 Stockert 2012, p. 384.
  4. ↑ Prien et al. 2000a, p. 208.
  5. ↑ Garbers & 10. German Nationals.
  6. ↑ Garbers & 11. German Nationals.
  7. ↑ Rößler 2000, p. 270.
  8. ↑ Prien et al. 2000a, p. 263.
  9. 1 2 Prien et al. 2000a, p. 445.
  10. ↑ Prien et al. 2001, p. 438.
  11. ↑ Prien et al. 2000b, pp. 370, 376.
  12. ↑ Prien et al. 2002, p. 304.
  13. ↑ Prien et al. 2002, p. 310.
  14. ↑ Prien et al. 2003, p. 212.
  15. ↑ Stockert 2012, p. 385.
  16. ↑ Prien et al. 2003, pp. 212, 228.
  17. ↑ Weal 2007, pp. 7–8.
  18. ↑ Prien et al. 2003, pp. 212, 214, 229.
  19. ↑ Held, Trautloft & Bob 1994, p. 97.
  20. ↑ Prien et al. 2005, p. 209.
  21. ↑ Prien et al. 2005, p. 216.
  22. ↑ Prien et al. 2005, p. 195.
  23. ↑ Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 61.
  24. ↑ Prien et al. 2005, pp. 180, 199.
  25. ↑ Prien et al. 2005, p. 203.
  26. ↑ Weal 2007, p. 24.
  27. ↑ Weal 2001, p. 118.
  28. ↑ Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 67.
  29. ↑ Page 2020, p. 100.
  30. ↑ Zabecki 2014, p. 1618.
  31. ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 259–261.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 260.
  33. ↑ Prien et al. 2000b, p. 376.
  34. 1 2 Prien et al. 2002, p. 313.
  35. ↑ Prien et al. 2002, p. 316.
  36. ↑ Prien et al. 2003, p. 228.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Prien et al. 2003, p. 233.
  38. 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2003, p. 229.
  39. 1 2 Prien et al. 2003, p. 234.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Prien et al. 2003, p. 235.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Prien et al. 2003, p. 231.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Prien et al. 2003, p. 237.
  43. ↑ Prien et al. 2003, p. 232.
  44. ↑ Prien et al. 2003, p. 239.
  45. ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 260–261.
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Prien et al. 2005, p. 199.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Prien et al. 2005, p. 200.
  48. ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 261.
  49. 1 2 Thomas 1997, p. 139.
  50. 1 2 Scherzer 2007, p. 287.
  51. ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 168.
  52. ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 59.

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