Lazare Hippolyte Carnot was a French politician. He was the younger brother of the founder of thermodynamics Sadi Carnot and the second son of the revolutionary politician and general Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot, who also served in the government of Napoleon, as well as the father of French president Marie François Sadi Carnot.
Camille Hyacinthe Odilon Barrot was a French politician who was briefly head of the council of ministers under President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in 1848–49.
Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine was a French author, poet, and statesman who was instrumental in the foundation of the French Second Republic and the continuation of the tricolore as the flag of France.
Louis-Eugène Cavaignac was a French general and politician who served as head of the executive power of France between June and December 1848, during the French Second Republic.
The French Second Republic, officially the French Republic, was the second republican government of France. It existed from 1848 until its dissolution in 1852.
Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure was a French lawyer and statesman.
Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin was a French lawyer, politician and one of the leaders of the French Revolution of 1848.
Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès was a French politician and active freemason who fought on the barricades during the revolution of July.
The Executive Commission of 1848 was a short-lived government during the French Second Republic, chaired by François Arago, that exercised executive power from 9 May 1848 to 24 June 1848. It succeeded the Provisional Government of 1848 and was in turn replaced by the Cabinet of General Cavaignac. The members of the Commission acted as joint head of state.
Presidential elections were held for the first time in France on 10 and 11 December 1848, electing the first and only president of the Second Republic. The election was held on 10 December 1848 and led to the victory of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte with 74% of the popular vote. This was the only direct presidential election until the 1965 French presidential election. The six candidates in the election, in order of most votes received, are Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte of the Bonapartists, Louis Eugène Cavaignac of the moderate Republicans, Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin of the Montagnards, François-Vincent Raspail of the Socialists, Alphonse de Lamartine of the Liberals, and Nicolas Changarnier of the Monarchists.
The Mountain, with its members collectively called Democratic Socialists, was a political group of the French Second Republic.
The French demonstration of 15 May 1848 was an event played out, mostly, in the streets of Paris. It was intended to reverse the results of a Second Republic election of deputies to the Constituent Assembly. It is difficult to say, with any precision, whether this phenomenon should be called a demonstration, a riot, an invasion, a rebellion, or an attempted coup d'état. Nonetheless, it seems to have been largely unplanned, not particularly bloody, and indisputably a failure.
The French Revolution of 1848, also known as the February Revolution, was a period of civil unrest in France, in February 1848, that led to the collapse of the July Monarchy and the foundation of the French Second Republic. It sparked the wave of revolutions of 1848.
The first cabinet of Odilon Barrot was the government of France from 20 December 1848 to 2 June 1849 under President of the Council Odilon Barrot. It was formed after the election of Louis Napoleon as President on 20 December 1848, the day that he took his oath. It replaced the cabinet of General Cavaignac. After the May 1849 elections to the Legislative Assembly it was replaced by the second cabinet of Odilon Barrot.
The cabinet of General Cavaignac was the government of France from 28 June 1848 to 20 December 1848. It replaced the Executive Commission of 1848 after the June Days Uprising of 23 June to 26 June 1848. General Louis-Eugène Cavaignac (1802-1857) was given executive power by the National Assembly and headed the government as President of the Council of Ministers. The government was replaced by the first cabinet of Odilon Barrot on 20 December 1848 after Louis Napoleon had been elected as President.
Michel Goudchaux was a French banker and politician who was twice Minister of Finance during the French Second Republic. A firm Republican, he refused to accept the government of Napoleon III.
Alexandre Pierre Freslon was a French Lawyer who became a representative in the Constituent Assembly and Minister of Public Education and Religion in 1848.
Ferdinand Flocon was a French journalist and politician who was one of the founding members of the Provisional Government at the start of the French Second Republic in 1848. He was Minister of Agriculture and Commerce for the Executive Commission of 1848. He opposed Louis Napoleon and was forced into exile in the Second French Empire (1852–1870).
The Moderate Republicans were a large political group active from the birth of the French Second Republic (1848) to the collapse of the Second French Empire (1870).
La Réforme was a French political newspaper of the mid-19th century. Founded in Paris on 29 July 1843 by Alexandre Ledru-Rollin, the newspaper had a left-wing radical liberal republican editorial line, and published some early socialist works. Its regular contributors included the radicals Étienne Arago, Godefroy Cavaignac, and Victor Schœlcher and the early socialists Louis Blanc, Pierre Leroux, and Félix Pyat. The socialist figures Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Karl Marx, and Mikhail Bakunin also published articles. The editor was Ferdinand Flocon.
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