White avens | |
---|---|
Flowers and foliage | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Rosales |
Family: | Rosaceae |
Genus: | Geum |
Species: | G. canadense |
Binomial name | |
Geum canadense Jacq. | |
Geum canadense, the white avens, is a plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and Mexico. [1] [2] [3]
It readily hybridizes with the introduced Geum urbanum . The hybrid is named Geum ×catlingii J.-P. Bernard & R. Gauthier [4]
Geum canadense is a herbaceous plant with basal leaves that have more than three leaflets and are arranged in a low rosette. Leaves above the basal rosette are alternate, with those placed just above the basal leaves typically trifoliate, and upper leaves usually simple. These cauline leaves are serrate. [5] Basal leaves are a darker green and are often coarsely hairy compared to the lighter green and fine hairs found on upper leaves and stems. [5] In milder climates the foliage is evergreen. [6]
Blooming occurs for one to two months in the summer; each flower has five white petals and five green sepals. Flowers are replaced by clusters of long, thin seeds each with a hook on one end that may catch on clothing or animal fur. [5] The flowers resemble those of other members of the rose family such as blackberries [5] and strawberries. [6]
The root system consists of a taproot and rhizomes. The plants prefer light shade or partial sun and moist to dry conditions. Somewhat unusually, they are resistant to the phytotoxins released by black walnut trees and so can grow near such trees. [5]
Geum, commonly called avens, is a genus of about 50 species of rhizomatous perennial herbaceous plants in the rose family and its subfamily Rosoideae, widespread across Europe, Asia, North and South America, Africa, and New Zealand. They are closely related to Potentilla and Fragaria. From a basal rosette of leaves, they produce flowers on wiry stalks, in shades of white, red, yellow, and orange, in midsummer. Geum species are evergreen except where winter temperatures drop below 0 °F (−18 °C). The cultivars 'Lady Stratheden', and 'Mrs J. Bradshaw' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Geum urbanum, also known as wood avens, herb Bennet, colewort and St. Benedict's herb, is a perennial plant in the rose family (Rosaceae), which grows in shady places in the temperate regions of Eurasia and North America.
Ugni is a genus of plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, described as a genus in 1848. It is native to western Latin America from the Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern Chile and adjacent regions of southern Argentina, north to southern Mexico.
Lepidium oblongum is a widespread North American species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name veiny pepperweed. It is native to Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and the western and south-central United States. It is present as an introduced species in Hawaii. It can grow in many types of habitats.
Prionosciadium thapsoides is a plant species native to the States of Veracruz and México, in the República de México, as well as Guatemala.
Prionosciadium nelsonii is a plant species known from the Mexican states of Chiapas and Morelos. It is a biennial herb with a large taproot. Leaves are compound with narrowly lanecolate leaflets, some of them with narrow, tapering lobes. The inflorescence is a compound umbel at the top of the stem.
Prionosciadium bellii is a plant species endemic to the Mexican State of Michoacán. It occurs in brush areas at elevations of 1,800–2,100 m (5,900–6,900 ft).
Prionosciadium lilacinum is a plant species native to the Mexican States of Jalisco and Nayarit. It is common along sunlit roadsides and other disturbed habitats in the region.
Arracacia filipes is a plant species native to the Mexican State of Durango. It grows in moist, shaded areas in forests and canyons at elevations of 2,000–2,700 m (6,600–8,900 ft).
Arracacia macvaughii is a plant species native to the Mexican State of Querétaro. It is known only from the type locale, in a fir forest at an elevation of approximately 3100 m.
Eryngium jaliscense is a plant species native to the Mexican State of Jalisco. It grows in scattered populations in pine forests and other shaded slopes at elevations of 1,200–1,600 m (3,900–5,200 ft).
Celtis ehrenbergiana, called the desert hackberry or spiny hackberry, is a plant species that has long been called C. pallida by many authors, including in the "Flora of North America" database. It is native to Arizona, Florida, New Mexico and Texas, and to Latin America as far south as central Argentina. It grows in dry locations such as deserts, brushlands, canyons, mesas and grasslands.
Ardisia escallonioides, the Island marlberry, is a plant species native to the West Indies and neighboring areas. It has been reported from Barbados, Bermuda, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Mexico, Belize, Guatemala and Florida.
Fraxinus dubia is a plant species native to Mexico and Central America. It has been reported from Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Costa Rica, Chiapas and Veracruz.
Randia nicaraguensis is a plant species endemic to Nicaragua. It occurs in tropical drought-deciduous forests at elevations below 850 m.
Aristolochia stevensii is a plant species native to northwestern Nicaragua and southwestern Honduras. It grows in wet montane forests.
Chaptalia albicans, the white sunbonnet, is a plant species native to Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. It is known from Jamaica, Cuba, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, southern Florida, the Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Yucatán, Campeche and Chiapas.
Bouvardia ternifolia, the firecracker bush, is a shrub widespread across much of Mexico, the range extending south into Honduras and north into the southwestern United States.
Rubus schiedeanus is a Mesoamerican species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in southern Mexico and Central America.
Geum × catlingii, or Catling's avens, is a plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It is known from eastern Canada, where it arises from natural hybridization between the native G. canadenseJacq. and the introduced G. urbanumL. It is named after Paul M. Catling, the botanist who first observed the hybrid.