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The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics. Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as Ganoderma and Fomes, contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine.
The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills or gill-like structures. Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.
Ganoderma is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Ganodermataceae that includes about 80 species, many from tropical regions. They have a high genetic diversity and are used in traditional Asian medicines. Ganoderma can be differentiated from other polypores because they have a double-walled basidiospore. They may be called shelf mushrooms or bracket fungi.
Phanerochaete is a genus of crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae.
Erast Parmasto was a noted Estonian mycologist, bioscientist and botanist and onetime director of the Estonian Institute of Zoology and Botany.
Auriporia is a small genus of four species of poroid fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.
Postia is a genus of brown rot fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.
Wolfiporia is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Leif Ryvarden and Robert Lee Gilbertson in 1984 to contain the type species Wolfiporia cocos and W. dilatohypha. The genus is named in honor of mycologist Frederick Adolph Wolf, who was the first to officially describe the type species.
Antrodia is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. Antrodia species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate, with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be turned so as to form narrow brackets. Most species are found in temperate and boreal forests, and cause brown rot.
Phlebia is a genus of mostly crust fungi in the family Meruliaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution. Phlebia species cause white rot.
Ceriporia is a widely distributed genus of crust fungi.
Dentocorticium is a genus of six species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was revised in 2018, with several new species added and some older species transferred to other genera, based on phylogenetic analyses.
Earliella is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Earliella scabrosa. It is found in Hainan.
Erastia is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single European species Erastia salmonicolor. Erastia was circumscribed by Finnish mycologists Tuomo Niemelä and Juha Kinnunen in 2005. It is named in honour of the Estonian mycologist Erast Parmasto, "the eminent researcher of fungal taxonomy and cladistics".
Skeletocutis is a genus of about 40 species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although most species are found in the Northern Hemisphere. It causes a white rot in a diverse array of woody substrates, and the fruit bodies grow as a crust on the surface of the decaying wood. Sometimes the edges of the crust are turned outward to form rudimentary bracket-like caps.
Cyanotrama is a fungal genus in the Hymenochaetales order. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Cyanotrama rimosa, widely distributed in western North America. It has also been collected in single occasions in Ethiopia and Iran. The fungus causes a white rot in conifers, especially junipers. C. rimosa was originally named Poria rimos in 1920 by William Alphonso Murrill, and later known as Diplomitoporus rimosus. Molecular work revealed that the species was aligned not with the polyporoid fungi as previously assumed, but rather with the hymenochaetoid fungi, and Cyanotrama was created to contain it. The genus name refers to the strong cyanophilic reaction of the skeletal hyphae, particularly noticeable in the trama.
Robert Lee Gilbertson was a distinguished American mycologist and educator. He was a faculty member at University of Arizona for 26 years until his retirement from teaching in 1995; he was a Professor Emeritus at U of A until his death on October 26, 2011 in Tucson, Arizona. 2011. He held concurrent positions as Plant Pathologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arizona (1967–95) for a project Research on wood-rotting fungi and other fungi associated with southwestern plants and was collaborator and consultant with Center for Forest Mycology Research, US Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin (1957–1981).
Ganoderma sessile is a species of polypore fungus in the Ganodermataceae family. This wood decay fungus is found commonly in Eastern North America, and is associated with declining or dead hardwoods. There is taxonomic uncertainty with this fungus since its circumscription in 1902.
Lee Oras Overholts was an American mycologist known for his expertise on polypore fungi.
Crustodontia is a fungal genus of uncertain familial placement in the order Polyporales. The genus was circumscribed in 2005 to contain the crust fungus Crustodontia chrysocreas. This species was originally described as Corticium chrysocreas by Miles Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis in 1873. Their description was as follows: "Subiculum bright yellow, thin; hymenium immarginate pallid, or yellow tinged with tawny." Crustodontia has a monomitic hyphal system, meaning it contains only generative hyphae, and these hyphae have clamp connections.
References
- ↑ Larsen, M.J.; Lombard, F.F. (1983). "Fibroporia angulopora, a new species (Aphyllophorales, Polyporaceae) associated with brown-rot of Pseudotsuga menziesii residue in Western Oregon". Mycologia. 75 (4): 623–627. doi:10.2307/3792991. JSTOR 3792991.
- ↑ Gilbertson, R.L.; Ryvarden, L. "Some new combinations in Polyporaceae". Mycotaxon. 22 (2): 363–365.
- ↑ Larsen, M.J.; Lombard, F.F. (1986). "New combinations in the genus Postia Fr. (Polyporaceae)". Mycotaxon. 26: 271–273.
- ↑ Parmasto, E. (2001). "Gilbertsonia, a new genus of polypores (Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycota)". Harvard Papers in Botany. 6 (1): 179–182. JSTOR 41761640.
- ↑ Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names](pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN 978-3-946292-41-8. S2CID 246307410 . Retrieved January 27, 2022.
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