Glomerellales

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Glomerellales
Bitter rot on a Honeycrisp apple.jpg
Bitter rot on Honeycrisp Apple caused by Colletotrichum species complex
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
(unranked): Leotiomyceta
(unranked): Sordariomyceta
Class: Sordariomycetes
Subclass: Hypocreomycetidae
Order: Glomerellales
Chadef. ex Réblová, W. Gams & Seifert (2011)
Families

Glomerellales [1] is an order of ascomycetous fungi within the subclass Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). The order includes saprobes, endophytes and pathogens on plants, animals and other fungi with representatives found all over the world in varying habitats. [2] [3]

Contents

Glomerellales members diagnostically present peritheciate ascomata with a 2-3 layered perithecial wall and a periphysate ostiolum. Paraphyses are tapered and thin-walled. The asci are unitunicate, 8-spored and inamyloid, and the apex is either thickened without visible discharge mechanism or thin-walled with a distinct annulus. [1]

Unlike other orders within Hypocreomycetidae, members of the Glomerellales exhibit a darkly pigmented perithecia. [2] The order was first recognized by Chadefaud (1960), although it was not validly published at this time. It has since been cited by Lanier et al. (1978) and invalidly published by Locquin (1984). [2] However the Glomerellales was still not valid until the study by M. Réblová et al. in 2011 with three families viz. Australiascaceae, Glomerellaceae and Reticulascaceae based on multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. [1]

Ecology

Families Reticulascaceae and Malaysiascaceae are typically involved in nutrient cycling as saprobes on decaying plant matter. Australiascaceae contains many food plant pathogens in addition to saprobic species and Glomerellaceae with its single genus Colletotrichum likewise presents many important plant pathogens of which some have significant economical impact. [4] [3] [5]

Several examples of well-known food pathogens can be found in Colletotrichum with members such as the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex associated with bitter rot of apple, [6] Colletotrichum graminicola which causes disease in corn crops [7] and Colletotrichum kahawae associated with coffee berry disease in Coffea arabica [8] .

The genus rich family Plectosphaerellaceae holds a variety of both saprobes and plant pathogens, as well as several species of opportunistic animal pathogens. Some species are also used as biocontrol agents, making the Plectosphaerellaceae an important group for study on many levels. [3]

Taxonomy

Glomerellales contains five families and 31 placed genera (as of 2020): [3]

Glomerellales also currently includes some genera Incertae sedis , including Ascodinea (Samuels, Cand & Magni, 1997) [11] and the more recent Wenhuisporus (C.H. Kuo & Goh, 2022). [12]

History

Réblová et al. described Glomerellales in 2011 and simultaneously introduced the three families Reticulascaceae, Australiascaceae and Glomerellascaceae. In 2015 and 2016, the previously described Incertae sedis Sordariomycetes group Plectosphaerellales was placed in Glomerellales based on molecular data phylogenetic analyses. [13] [14] Tibpromma and K.D. Hyde later described a new family Malaysiascaceae (2018) to accommodate the previously described Incertae sedis Glomerellales genus Malaysiasca (Crous & M.J. Wingf., 2016). [15] [16]

After a convoluted path to legitimized description, Glomerellales has been established as a monophyletic group through phylogenetic analyses. [3] [1] However, there appears to be some discrepancy between the literature and some of the common species databases when it comes to one of its members, the family Australiascaceae. While publications refer to this group and its members as a family within Glomerellales based on phylogenetic analyses using molecular data, [1] [17] [12] [14] [10] [3] [18] as of March 2022 several major databases place Australiascaceae in Chaetosphaeriales (GBIF, EOL, COL, MycoBank, see references or taxon identifiers below) [19] [20] [21] with reference to the original Glomerellales description in Réblová et al. (2011) (which introduces Australiascaceae and places it in Glomerellales). There appears to be no discussion about this discrepancy or its cause as of yet.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocreales</span> Order of fungi

The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order. According to the Catalog of Life, As of April 2021 the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order, where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae. Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed. Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nectriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Nectriaceae comprise a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales. It was circumscribed by brothers Charles and Louis René Tulasne in 1865. In 2020, an Outline of fungi was produced and listed 70 genera and about 1,336 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocreomycetidae</span> Subclass of fungi

Hypocreomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi.

Jobellisia is a genus of fungi within the monotypic family Jobellisiaceae and the monotypic order Jobellisiales and also the subclass Hypocreomycetidae, and class Sordariomycetes. The genus was circumscribed by Margaret Elizabeth Barr-Bigelow in 1993 with Jobellisia luteola as the type species. It contains species that grow on dead wood and bark in tropical and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

The Trichosphaeriales are an order of sac fungi. It is monotypic, and consists of the single family, the Trichosphaeriaceae. In 2017, the family of Trichosphaeriaceae was placed in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis, which was accepted by Wijayawardene et al. (2018), and Wijayawardene et al. 2020. The order of Trichosphaeriales was also unplaced. They are generally saprobic and pathogenic on plants, commonly isolated from herbivore dung.

<i>Monochaetia</i> Genus of fungi

Monochaetia is a genus of fungi in the family Sporocadaceae. Species in the genus are typically plant parasites and saprobes, and cause leaf spot diseases on various hosts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glomerellaceae</span> Family of fungi

Glomerellaceae is a monotypic family of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes that contains only one genus, Colletotrichum.

Volutella is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Nectriaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diaporthomycetidae</span> Subclass of fungi

Diaporthomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi under the class Sordariomycetes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sporocadaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Sporocadaceae are a family of fungi, that was formerly in the order Xylariales. It was placed in the Amphisphaeriales order in 2020.

Pseudopestalotiopsis is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae.

Savoryellomycetidae is a subclass of sac fungi within the class of Sordariomycetes. It contains 4 known orders of Conioscyphales, Fuscosporellales, Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales.

Conioscyphales is an order of freshwater and terrestrial fungi within the division Ascomycota. It is in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and the class Sordariomycetes and the subdivision of Pezizomycotina.

Fuscosporellales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Ascomycota and in the class Sordariomycetes and subdivision of Pezizomycotina.

Savoryellaceae is a family of aquatic based fungi. It is the only family in the monotypic order Savoryellales within the class Sordariomycetes, division Ascomycota.

Pisorisporiales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Ascomycota and in the class Sordariomycetes and subdivision of Pezizomycotina and also its own subclass Pisorisporiomycetidae.

Bartalinia robillardoides is a species of fungi within the genus Bartalinia and the Sporocadaceae family. Distinguished by their unitunicate asci, containing 3-4 septate, Bartalinia robillardoides species have been found in water samples and growing on medium like flowering shrubs and trees. Collections of this species have been collected in Australia and New Zealand, Europe, South America and Asia. It has been identified to be both endophytic and pathogenic. This species can cause leaf spots that raise concerns to economically valuable plants.

Pleurotheciaceae is a family of ascomycetous fungi within the monotypic order of Pleurotheciales in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes.

Pararamichloridium is a genus of fungi in the monotypic family Pararamichloridiaceae and within the monotypic order of Pararamichloridiales and also in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae. They are saprobic on wood in terrestrial and freshwater habitats.

Torpedosporaceae is a monotypic family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Torpedosporales in the subclass Hypocreomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on intertidal mangrove wood and roots, bark leaves, and sand in various marine habitats.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Réblová, M.; Gams, W.; Seifert, K. A. (2011-03-01). "Monilochaetes and allied genera of the Glomerellales, and a reconsideration of families in the Microascales". Studies in Mycology. 68: 163–191. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.07. PMC   3065989 . PMID   21523193.
  2. 1 2 3 ZHANG, NING; WANG, ZHENG (2015). Esser, Karl (ed.). Systematics and Evolution. The Mycota (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. p. 63. ISBN   978-3-662-46010-8.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hyde, K. D. (2020-03-31). "Refined families of Sordariomycetes". Mycosphere. 11: 305–1059. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7 . hdl: 10033/622756 . ISSN   2077-7019. S2CID   219808477.
  4. ↑ Damm, U.; O'Connell, R.J.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W. (2014-09-01). "The Colletotrichum destructivum species complex - hemibiotrophic pathogens of forage and field crops". Studies in Mycology. 79 (1): 49–84. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.003. PMC   4255528 . PMID   25492986.
  5. ↑ Damm, Ulrike; Cannon, Paul F.; Liu, Fang; Barreto, Robert W.; Guatimosim, Eduardo; Crous, Pedro W. (2013-07-01). "The Colletotrichum orbiculare species complex: Important pathogens of field crops and weeds". Fungal Diversity. 61 (1): 29–59. doi:10.1007/s13225-013-0255-4. ISSN   1878-9129. S2CID   207464081.
  6. ↑ Dowling, Madeline; Peres, Natalia; Villani, Sara; Schnabel, Guido (2020-09-01). "Managing Colletotrichum on Fruit Crops: A "Complex" Challenge". Plant Disease. 104 (9): 2301–2316. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2378-FE . ISSN   0191-2917. PMID   32689886. S2CID   219479598.
  7. ↑ Sukno, Serenella A.; García, Verónica M.; Shaw, Brian D.; Thon, Michael R. (2008-02-01). "Root Infection and Systemic Colonization of Maize by Colletotrichum graminicola". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74 (3): 823–832. Bibcode:2008ApEnM..74..823S. doi:10.1128/aem.01165-07. ISSN   0099-2240. PMC   2227703 . PMID   18065625.
  8. ↑ Waller, J. M.; Bridge, P. D.; Black, R.; Hakiza, G. (1993-08-01). "Characterization of the coffee berry disease pathogen, Colletotrichum kahawae sp. nov". Mycological Research. 97 (8): 989–994. doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80867-8. ISSN   0953-7562.
  9. ↑ Zare, R. Gams (2007-11-01). "Gibellulopsis, a suitable genus for Verticillium nigrescens, and Musicillium, a new genus for V. theobromae". Nova Hedwigia. 85 (3–4): 463–489. doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2007/0085-0463.
  10. 1 2 Tibpromma, Saowaluck; Hyde, Kevin D.; McKenzie, Eric H. C.; Bhat, D. Jayarama; Phillips, Alan J. L.; Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N.; Samarakoon, Milan C.; Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.; Dissanayake, Asha J.; Tennakoon, Danushka S.; Doilom, Mingkwan (2018-11-01). "Fungal diversity notes 840–928: micro-fungi associated with Pandanaceae". Fungal Diversity. 93 (1): 1–160. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0408-6. ISSN   1878-9129. S2CID   52879546.
  11. ↑ Samuels, Gary J.; Candoussau, Françoise; Magni, J.-F. (1997-01-01). "Fungicolous pyrenomycetes 2. Ascocodinaea, gen nov., and reconsideration of Litschaueria". Mycologia. 89 (1): 156–162. doi:10.1080/00275514.1997.12026766. ISSN   0027-5514.
  12. 1 2 Kuo, Chang-Hsin; Hsieh, Sung-Yuan; Goh, Teik-Khiang (2022-01-01). "Wenhsuisporus taiwanensis gen. et sp. nov., a peculiar setose hyphomycete from submerged wood in Taiwan". Mycological Progress. 21 (1): 409–426. doi:10.1007/s11557-021-01748-y. ISSN   1861-8952. S2CID   247233358.
  13. ↑ Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, Eric H. C.; Huang, Shi-Ke; Abdel-Wahab, Mohamed A.; Daranagama, Dinushani A.; Dayarathne, Monika; D’souza, Melvina J.; Goonasekara, Ishani D.; Hongsanan, Sinang (2015-05-01). "Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 72 (1): 199–301. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0331-z. ISSN   1878-9129. S2CID   17691274.
  14. 1 2 Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, E. H. C.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Dayarathne, Monika C.; Huang, Shi-Ke; Norphanphoun, Chada; Senanayake, Indunil C.; Perera, Rekhani H.; Shang, Qiu-Ju (2016-07-01). "Families of Sordariomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 79 (1): 1–317. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6. ISSN   1878-9129. S2CID   207464200.
  15. ↑ Tibpromma, Saowaluck; Hyde, Kevin D.; McKenzie, Eric H. C.; Bhat, D. Jayarama; Phillips, Alan J. L.; Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N.; Samarakoon, Milan C.; Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.; Dissanayake, Asha J.; Tennakoon, Danushka S.; Doilom, Mingkwan (2018-11-01). "Fungal diversity notes 840–928: micro-fungi associated with Pandanaceae". Fungal Diversity. 93 (1): 1–160. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0408-6. ISSN   1878-9129. S2CID   52879546.
  16. ↑ Crous, P. W.; Wingfield, M. J.; Richardson, D. M.; Le Roux, J. J.; Strasberg, D.; Edwards, J.; Roets, F.; Hubka, V.; Taylor, P. W. J.; Heykoop, M.; Martín, M. P. (2016-07-04). "Fungal Planet description sheets: 400-468". Persoonia. 36: 316–458. doi:10.3767/003158516X692185. ISSN   0031-5850. PMC   4988374 . PMID   27616795.
  17. ↑ Zhang, Jingyi; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa; Mapook, Ausana; Lu, Yongzhong; Lv, Menglan (2021-07-30). "Monilochaetes pteridophytophila (Australiascaceae, Glomerellales), a new fungus from tree fern". Biodiversity Data Journal. 9: e67248. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e67248 . ISSN   1314-2836. PMC   8346447 . PMID   34393583.
  18. ↑ Hongsanan, Sinang; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Samarakoon, Milan C.; Jeewon, Rajesh; Zhao, Qi; Al-Sadi, Abdullah M.; Bahkali, Ali H. (2017-05-01). "An updated phylogeny of Sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence". Fungal Diversity. 84 (1): 25–41. doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0384-2. ISSN   1878-9129. S2CID   5062936.
  19. ↑ "Australiascaceae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  20. ↑ "Australiascaceae - Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  21. ↑ "Australiascaceae | COL". www.catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
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