Government of Manouchehr Eghbal | |
---|---|
Cabinet of Pahlavi Iran | |
Date formed | 4 April 1957 |
Date dissolved | September 1960 |
People and organisations | |
Head of state | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
Head of government | Manouchehr Eghbal |
Total no. of members | 16 |
Member party | Nationalists' Party |
Opposition party | People's Party |
Opposition leader | Asadollah Alam |
History | |
Advice and consent | 14 April 1957 17 April 1957 |
Predecessor | Government of Hossein Ala' |
Successor | Government of Jafar Sharif-Emami |
The cabinet led by Prime Minister Manouchehr Eghbal of Iran lasted for three years between April 1957 and September 1960 making it one of the longest tenure cabinets of the Pahlavi rule. [1] The cabinet succeeded the second cabinet of Hossein Ala' who resigned on 3 April 1957. [2] [3]
Manouchehr Eghbal's cabinet was inaugurated on 4 April 1957. [2] Eghbal was the head of the Nationalists' Party. [4] The opposition party was People's Party of Asadollah Alam. [4] One of the first activities of the cabinet was to terminate the martial law on 7 April. [5] However, some of the cabinet members were military officers, including Hassan Akhavi and Ahmad Vosuq. [6] Most of the activities of the cabinet were in line with the political agenda of the Shah. [7]
The cabinet program was approved by the Majlis on 14 April receiving 110 favor votes to 0 against votes with 4 abstentions. [2] Three days later on 17 April the cabinet was endorsed by the Senate with 30 favor votes to 0 against votes with 3 abstentions. [2]
The term of the cabinet ended in September 1960 following the general elections held in late August 1960. [5] The Nationalists' Party won the majority at the 200-seat Parliament. [4] However, the Shah annulled the elections. [5] On 6 September Prime Minister Eghbal submitted his resignation to the Shah because of the mass protests over the election results. [4] Another reason for the resignation of Eghbal was his fierce opposition against the Soviet Union due to which he was criticized by the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. [8] The next cabinet was formed by Jafar Sharif Emami. [8] [9]
The cabinet was consisted of the following members: [2]
Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 | Nationalists' Party | ||
Deputy Prime Minister | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 | Military | ||
Minister of Foreign Affairs | 4 April 1957 | 1959 | Independent | ||
1959 | 31 August 1960 | Independent | |||
Minister of National Defense | Ahmad Vosuq | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 | Military | |
Minister of Interior | Fatollah Jalali | 4 April 1957 | 1958 | ||
1958 | 1959 | Military | |||
Rahmat Allah Atabaki | 1959 | September 1960 | |||
Minister of Justice | Mohammad Majlisi | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 | ||
Minister of Agriculture | 4 April 1957 | 1959 | Military | ||
1959 | September 1960 | ||||
Minister of Labor | Agha Khan Bakhtiar | 4 April 1957 | 1959 | ||
1959 | September 1960 | Nationalists' Party | |||
Minister of Finance | Ali Asghar Nasir | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 | ||
Minister of Health | Abdul Hussain Raji | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 | ||
Minister of Education | Mahmud Mehran | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 | ||
Minister of Mines and Industries | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 | Nationalists' Party | ||
Minister of Customs | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 | Military | ||
Minister of Post | Amir Ghassan Eshraghi | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 | ||
Minister of Commerce | Mustafa Tajadod | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 | ||
Minister of Advisors | 4 April 1957 | September 1960 |
Interior Minister Fatollah Jalali was succeeded by an army general Nader Batmanghelidj in 1958. [10] Batmanghelidj's term was very brief and ended in 1959 when Rahmat Allah Atabaki replaced him in the post. [11] Agriculture Minister Hassan Akhavi was removed from office in 1959 due to his opposition to the land reform plans and was replaced by Jamshid Amouzegar in the post. [12] Agha Khan Bakhtiar, labor minister, was replaced by Abdolreza Ansari who was in office until September 1960. [13]
Jamshid Amouzegar was an Iranian economist and politician who was prime minister of Iran from 7 August 1977 to 27 August 1978 when he resigned. Prior to that, he served as the minister of interior and minister of finance in the cabinet of Amir-Abbas Hoveida. He was the leader of Rastakhiz Party during his tenure as prime minister of Iran.
Manouchehr Eghbal was an Iranian physician and royalist politician. He was the Prime Minister of Iran from 1957 to 1960.
Hasan Ali Mansur was an Iranian politician who served as Prime Minister from 1964 to 1965. He served during the White Revolution of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and was assassinated by a member of the Fada'iyan-e Islam.
Jafar Sharif-Imami was an Iranian politician who was prime minister from 1960 to 1961 and again in 1978. He was a cabinet minister, president of the Iranian Senate, president of the Pahlavi Foundation and the president of the Iran chamber of industries and mines during the reign of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
The Senate was the upper house legislative chamber in Imperial State of Iran from 1949 to 1979. A bicameral legislature had been established in the 1906 Persian Constitutional Revolution but the Senate was not actually formed until after the 1949 Constituent Assembly election, as an expression of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's desire for more political power. The Senate was filled mainly with men who were supportive of the Shah's aims, as intended by the Shah. Half of the sixty seats in the senate were directly appointed by the Shah, fifteen represented Tehran, and the rest were elected from other regions.
Ali-Akbar Zargham was a military officer and held several cabinet posts in the cabinets of Manouchehr Eghbal and Jafar Sharif-Emami.
Parliamentary elections were held in Iran between 30 July and 20 August 1960.
Amir Khosrow Afshar was an Iranian diplomat, who served as the minister of foreign affairs of Iran during the Shah era from 1978 to 1979.
The following lists events that happened during 1960 in the Imperial State of Iran.
Events from the year 1957 in Iran.
Party of Nationalists or Nationalists' Party was a conservative political party in Pahlavi era Iran, and government majority party from 1957 to 1960. The party was founded in 1957 by Manouchehr Eghbal on orders directed by Shah to initiate a two-party system. Its opposition was liberal People's Party.
Isa Sedigh was minister of education in Iran, and the third president of the University of Tehran.
Ali Amini was appointed to rule by decree as the Prime Minister of Iran on 5 May 1961, succeeding Jafar Sharif-Emami. His cabinet was approved on 9 May 1961.
The Ministry of the Royal Court was an organization in Iran that acted as an intermediary between the Shah of Iran and government branches, including the cabinet and the parliament. It was extensively powerful during Pahlavi dynasty, and had an executive arm named the 'Special Bureau'.
Nader Batmanghelidj (1904–1998) was an Iranian military officer who served in various military and government posts. He also served as the ambassador of Imperial Iran to Pakistan and Iraq.
Hassan Akhavi was an Iranian military officer who played an active role in the overthrown of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1953. He briefly served as the minister of agriculture in the period 1957–1959 and retired from military offices and politics. Following the regime change in Iran in 1979 he settled in the United States.
Abdolreza Ansari (1925–2020) was an Iranian engineer, bureaucrat and politician who held various government posts. He served as minister of labor (1959–1960) and minister of interior (1966–1969).
Jahanshah Saleh (1905–1995) was an Iranian physician and politician. He served as health minister and education minister in the 1950s and 1960s. He was the obstetrician of Queen Farah Diba, spouse of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Ali-Asghar Naghdi (1895–1966) was an Imperial Army general and served as the minister of defense in the governments of Hossein Ala', Mohammad Mosaddegh, Jafar Sharif-Emami, Ali Amini and Asadollah Alam.
Manouchehr Azmoun was a member of the 24th National Assembly, Minister of Labor and Social Affairs in Amir-Abbas Hoveyda Cabinet, Governor of Fars in the cabinet of Jamshid Amouzegar and then Minister of State in the Cabinet of Jafar Sharif Emami. He was executed on 9 April 1979. He held a PhD in Political Economy and Social Sciences from the University of Cologne, Germany.