Government of Manouchehr Eghbal

Last updated

Government of Manouchehr Eghbal
State flag of Iran (1933-1964).svg
Cabinet of Pahlavi Iran
Zargham2.jpg
Cabinet members on the inauguration day
Date formed4 April 1957 (1957-04-04)
Date dissolvedSeptember 1960 (1960-09)
People and organisations
Head of state Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Head of government Manouchehr Eghbal
Total no. of members16
Member party Nationalists' Party
Opposition party People's Party
Opposition leader Asadollah Alam
History
Advice and consent14 April 1957
17 April 1957
PredecessorGovernment of Hossein Ala'
SuccessorGovernment of Jafar Sharif-Emami

The cabinet led by Prime Minister Manouchehr Eghbal of Iran lasted for three years between April 1957 and September 1960 making it one of the longest tenure cabinets of the Pahlavi rule. [1] The cabinet succeeded the second cabinet of Hossein Ala' who resigned on 3 April 1957. [2] [3]

Contents

Activities and end

Manouchehr Eghbal's cabinet was inaugurated on 4 April 1957. [2] Eghbal was the head of the Nationalists' Party. [4] The opposition party was People's Party of Asadollah Alam. [4] One of the first activities of the cabinet was to terminate the martial law on 7 April. [5] However, some of the cabinet members were military officers, including Hassan Akhavi and Ahmad Vosuq. [6] Most of the activities of the cabinet were in line with the political agenda of the Shah. [7]

The cabinet program was approved by the Majlis on 14 April receiving 110 favor votes to 0 against votes with 4 abstentions. [2] Three days later on 17 April the cabinet was endorsed by the Senate with 30 favor votes to 0 against votes with 3 abstentions. [2]

The term of the cabinet ended in September 1960 following the general elections held in late August 1960. [5] The Nationalists' Party won the majority at the 200-seat Parliament. [4] However, the Shah annulled the elections. [5] On 6 September Prime Minister Eghbal submitted his resignation to the Shah because of the mass protests over the election results. [4] Another reason for the resignation of Eghbal was his fierce opposition against the Soviet Union due to which he was criticized by the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. [8] The next cabinet was formed by Jafar Sharif Emami. [8] [9]

Cabinet members

The cabinet was consisted of the following members: [2]

PortfolioMinisterTookofficeLeftofficeParty
Prime Minister 4 April 1957September 1960  Nationalists' Party
Deputy Prime Minister4 April 1957September 1960  Military
Minister of Foreign Affairs 4 April 19571959  Independent
195931 August 1960  Independent
Minister of National Defense
Ahmad Vosuq
4 April 1957September 1960  Military
Minister of Interior
Fatollah Jalali
4 April 19571958 
19581959  Military
Rahmat Allah Atabaki
1959September 1960 
Minister of Justice
Mohammad Majlisi
4 April 1957September 1960 
Minister of Agriculture 4 April 19571959  Military
1959September 1960 
Minister of Labor
Agha Khan Bakhtiar
4 April 19571959 
1959September 1960  Nationalists' Party
Minister of Finance
Ali Asghar Nasir
4 April 1957September 1960 
Minister of Health
Abdul Hussain Raji
4 April 1957September 1960 
Minister of Education
Mahmud Mehran
4 April 1957September 1960 
Minister of Mines and Industries4 April 1957September 1960  Nationalists' Party
Minister of Customs4 April 1957September 1960  Military
Minister of Post
Amir Ghassan Eshraghi
4 April 1957September 1960 
Minister of Commerce
Mustafa Tajadod
4 April 1957September 1960 
Minister of Advisors4 April 1957September 1960 

Reshuffles

Interior Minister Fatollah Jalali was succeeded by an army general Nader Batmanghelidj in 1958. [10] Batmanghelidj's term was very brief and ended in 1959 when Rahmat Allah Atabaki replaced him in the post. [11] Agriculture Minister Hassan Akhavi was removed from office in 1959 due to his opposition to the land reform plans and was replaced by Jamshid Amouzegar in the post. [12] Agha Khan Bakhtiar, labor minister, was replaced by Abdolreza Ansari who was in office until September 1960. [13]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jamshid Amouzegar</span> Iranian politician (1923–2016)

Jamshid Amouzegar was an Iranian economist and politician who was prime minister of Iran from 7 August 1977 to 27 August 1978 when he resigned. Prior to that, he served as the minister of interior and minister of finance in the cabinet of Amir-Abbas Hoveida. He was the leader of Rastakhiz Party during his tenure as prime minister of Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manouchehr Eghbal</span> Iranian physician and politician (1909–1977)

Manouchehr Eghbal was an Iranian physician and royalist politician. He was the Prime Minister of Iran from 1957 to 1960.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hassan Ali Mansur</span> Iranian politician (1923–1965)

Hasan Ali Mansur was an Iranian politician who served as Prime Minister from 1964 to 1965. He served during the White Revolution of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and was assassinated by a member of the Fada'iyan-e Islam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jafar Sharif-Emami</span> Iranian politician

Jafar Sharif-Imami was an Iranian politician who was prime minister from 1960 to 1961 and again in 1978. He was a cabinet minister, president of the Iranian Senate, president of the Pahlavi Foundation and the president of the Iran chamber of industries and mines during the reign of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Senate of Iran</span>

The Senate was the upper house legislative chamber in Imperial State of Iran from 1949 to 1979. A bicameral legislature had been established in the 1906 Persian Constitutional Revolution but the Senate was not actually formed until after the 1949 Constituent Assembly election, as an expression of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's desire for more political power. The Senate was filled mainly with men who were supportive of the Shah's aims, as intended by the Shah. Half of the sixty seats in the senate were directly appointed by the Shah, fifteen represented Tehran, and the rest were elected from other regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ali-Akbar Zargham</span>

Ali-Akbar Zargham was a military officer and held several cabinet posts in the cabinets of Manouchehr Eghbal and Jafar Sharif-Emami.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1960 Iranian general election</span>

Parliamentary elections were held in Iran between 30 July and 20 August 1960.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amir Khosrow Afshar</span> Iranian politician (1919–1999)

Amir Khosrow Afshar was an Iranian diplomat, who served as the minister of foreign affairs of Iran during the Shah era from 1978 to 1979.

The following lists events that happened during 1960 in the Imperial State of Iran.

Events from the year 1957 in Iran.

Party of Nationalists or Nationalists' Party was a conservative political party in Pahlavi era Iran, and government majority party from 1957 to 1960. The party was founded in 1957 by Manouchehr Eghbal on orders directed by Shah to initiate a two-party system. Its opposition was liberal People's Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Isa Sedigh</span>

Isa Sedigh was minister of education in Iran, and the third president of the University of Tehran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of Ali Amini</span> Cabinet of Imperial State of Iran headed by Ali Amini

Ali Amini was appointed to rule by decree as the Prime Minister of Iran on 5 May 1961, succeeding Jafar Sharif-Emami. His cabinet was approved on 9 May 1961.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of the Royal Court</span> Iranian ministry

The Ministry of the Royal Court was an organization in Iran that acted as an intermediary between the Shah of Iran and government branches, including the cabinet and the parliament. It was extensively powerful during Pahlavi dynasty, and had an executive arm named the 'Special Bureau'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nader Batmanghelidj</span> Iranian politician and military officer (1904–1998)

Nader Batmanghelidj (1904–1998) was an Iranian military officer who served in various military and government posts. He also served as the ambassador of Imperial Iran to Pakistan and Iraq.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hassan Akhavi</span> Iranian politician and military officer (1908–1997)

Hassan Akhavi was an Iranian military officer who played an active role in the overthrown of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1953. He briefly served as the minister of agriculture in the period 1957–1959 and retired from military offices and politics. Following the regime change in Iran in 1979 he settled in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdolreza Ansari</span> Iranian politician (1925–2020)

Abdolreza Ansari (1925–2020) was an Iranian engineer, bureaucrat and politician who held various government posts. He served as minister of labor (1959–1960) and minister of interior (1966–1969).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jahanshah Saleh</span> Iranian physician and politician (1905–1995)

Jahanshah Saleh (1905–1995) was an Iranian physician and politician. He served as health minister and education minister in the 1950s and 1960s. He was the obstetrician of Queen Farah Diba, spouse of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

Ali-Asghar Naghdi (1895–1966) was an Imperial Army general and served as the minister of defense in the governments of Hossein Ala', Mohammad Mosaddegh, Jafar Sharif-Emami, Ali Amini and Asadollah Alam.

Manouchehr Azmoun was a member of the 24th National Assembly, Minister of Labor and Social Affairs in Amir-Abbas Hoveyda Cabinet, Governor of Fars in the cabinet of Jamshid Amouzegar and then Minister of State in the Cabinet of Jafar Sharif Emami. He was executed on 9 April 1979. He held a PhD in Political Economy and Social Sciences from the University of Cologne, Germany.

References

  1. Marvin Zonis (1971). Political Elite of Iran. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 129. doi:10.1515/9781400868803. ISBN   9781400868803.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Developments of the Quarter: Comment and Chronology". The Middle East Journal . 11 (3): 294–295. Summer 1957. JSTOR   4322924.
  3. "Ala Resigns as Premier. Eghbal, Friend of Shah, Appointed Successor". The New York Times . Tehran. 4 April 1957. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Iran: Among the Smugglers". Time . 5 September 1960. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 "Iran (1905-present)". University of Central Arkansas . Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  6. "Information Report". Office of the Historian. 14 September 1953. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  7. Hormoz Mehrdad (1980). Political orientations and the style of intergroup leadership interactions: The case of Iranian political parties (PhD thesis). Ohio State University. p. 274. ISBN   979-8-205-08664-6. ProQuest   303067167.
  8. 1 2 Roham Alvandi (2014). "The Shah's détente with Khrushchev: Iran's 1962 missile base pledge to the Soviet Union". Cold War History . 14 (3): 434. doi:10.1080/14682745.2014.890591.
  9. "Jafar Sharif-Emami". Encyclopædia Britannica .
  10. "Ex-Iranian General, Ambassador Dies". Associated Press . Washington DC. 28 April 1998. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  11. Michael J. Willcocks (2015). Agent or Client: Who Instigated the White Revolution of the Shah and the People in Iran, 1963 (PhD thesis). University of Manchester. p. 122.
  12. Siavush Randjbar-Daemi (July 2020). "The Tudeh Party of Iran and the peasant question, 1941–53". Middle Eastern Studies . 56 (6): 4. doi:10.1080/00263206.2020.1781627. hdl: 10023/24619 . S2CID   225591030.
  13. Abdolreza Ansari (2016). The Shah's Iran - Rise and Fall: Conversations with an Insider. London; New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 97. ISBN   978-1-78673-164-7.