Graneledone boreopacifica

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Graneledone boreopacifica
Graneledone boreopacifica 2.jpg
G. boreopacifica on the Davidson Seamount at 1,973 m (6,473 ft) m depth
G. boreopacifica at a depth of 2,405 m (7,890 ft)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Octopoda
Family: Megaleledonidae
Genus: Graneledone
Species:
G. boreopacifica
Binomial name
Graneledone boreopacifica
Nesis, 1982
Synonyms
  • Graneledone pacifica Voss & Pearcy, 1990

Graneledone boreopacifica is an octopus in the family Megaleledonidae. It can be found in both the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans.

Contents

Description

The holotype of this species measures 9 centimetres (3.5 in) in mantle length. [2]

A female Graneledone boreopacifica was observed in the Monterey Canyon by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, brooding her eggs for a record 53 months, making this the longest egg-brooding period known in the animal kingdom. [3] There is no evidence that females ever feed again after laying their eggs. This also makes it the longest-living octopus – most octopuses only live for 1 or 2 years – which this octopus beats with its brooding period alone. [4] [5] Female Graneledone boreopacifica tend to brood their eggs between the depths of 1,200 and 2,000 metres (3,900 and 6,600 ft); the eggs were never unattended. [3]

Examination of the gut of this octopus revealed significant amounts of crushed gastropod shells ( Provanna variabilis and Lepetodrilus fucensis ). The mandible muscles exhibit remarkable strength to crush the shells before digestion. [6]

Distribution and habitat

Graneledone boreopacifica is found in benthic zones in temperate climates. [7]

Taxonomy

The type specimen was collected in the Pacific Ocean (50°N, 151°E) and is deposited at the Zoological Institute in Saint Petersburg, Russia. [8]

References

  1. ↑ Allcock, L.; Allen, G. (2018). "Graneledone boreopacifica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T163292A994368. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T163292A994368.en . Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  2. ↑ Hochberg, F.G. 1998. Class Cephalopoda. In: P.V. Scott & J.A. Blake (Eds.) Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel: Vol. 8. Santa Barbara, California, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  3. 1 2 Robison, Bruce; Seibel, Brad; Drazen, Jeffrey (2014). "Deep-Sea Octopus (Graneledone boreopacifica) Conducts the Longest-Known Egg-Brooding Period of Any Animal". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e103437. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103437. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4116195. PMID   25075745.
  4. ↑ Chung, Emily (30 July 2014). "Octopus mom waits record 4.5 years for eggs to hatch". CBC News . Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  5. ↑ Robison, Bruce; Seibel, Brad; Drazen, Jeffrey (2014-07-30). "Deep-Sea Octopus (Graneledone boreopacifica) Conducts the Longest-Known Egg-Brooding Period of Any Animal". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e103437. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j3437R. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103437 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   4116195 . PMID   25075745.
  6. ↑ Voight, Janet R. (November 2000). "A deep-sea octopus (Graneledone cf. boreopacifica) as a shell-crushing hydrothermal vent predator". Journal of Zoology. 252 (3): 335–341. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00628.x. ISSN   1469-7998.
  7. ↑ Palomares ML, Pauly D, eds. (2023). "Graneledone boreopacifica" in SeaLifeBase. April 2023 version.
  8. ↑ Current Classification of Recent Cephalopoda


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