Grevillea acanthifolia

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Grevillea acanthifolia
Grevillea acanthifolia.jpg
Grevillea acanthifolia flowers near Blackheath
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Grevillea
Species:
G. acanthifolia
Binomial name
Grevillea acanthifolia
Subspecies
  • Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. acanthifolia
  • Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. paludosa
  • Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. stenomera

Grevillea acanthifolia, commonly known as the Acanthus-leaved grevillea, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a shrub with stiff, prickly, divided leaves and pink to purple "toothbrush" flowers.

Contents

Description

Grevillea acanthifolia is an erect or spreading shrub which usually grows to a height of 0.5 m (2 ft) but sometimes to 3 m (10 ft) tall and 4 m (10 ft) wide. The leaves have 9 to 14 main lobes and are 4–9 cm (2–4 in) long and 3–7 cm (1–3 in) wide, each lobe sometimes further divided and linear to triangular or wedge-shaped with a sharp tip. The leaves are bright green, stiff and prickly. [3] [4] [5] [6]

The flowers are arranged in one-sided, "toothbrush"-like group, 3–10 cm (1–4 in) long. The small sepals and petals are pale green to grey and hairy on the outside and glabrous inside. The style is 20–28 mm (0.8–1 in) long and red, tipped with a green pollen presenter. Flowering occurs throughout the year but mainly from October to February and the fruit that follows is a hairy follicle with reddish markings. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Subspecies stenomera leaves and flowers Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. stenomera leaves and flowers.jpg
Subspecies stenomera leaves and flowers
Subspecies stenomera growth habit Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. stenomera (habit).jpg
Subspecies stenomera growth habit

Taxonomy and naming

Grevillea acanthifolia was first formally described in 1825 by Allan Cunningham from a specimen he collected on John Oxley's 1817 expedition. Cunningham found the species growing in "peaty bogs on the Blue Mountains and [on the] banks of Cox's River". [7] The specific epithet (acanthifolia) is a derived from the name of the genus Acanthus and the Latin word folium meaning "a leaf" [8] referring to the similarity of the leaves of this species to those of Acanthus. [4]

The names of three subspecies are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Grevillea × gaudichaudii is a hybrid derived from G. acanthifolia and Grevillea laurifolia .

Distribution and habitat

This grevillea only grows in New South Wales, usually at higher altitudes and in wet or boggy areas. [3]

Conservation status

As a whole, Grevillea acanthifolia is listed as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It has a wide distribution, large overall population and populations are typically stable. [1]

Overall, there are no major threats to the species, however, subspecies paludosa (bog grevillea) is threatened by changes to river flow regimes, surface runoff and related hydrological disturbances, trampling and grazing, increased fire regimes and dieback disease Phytophthora. [15] It is classified as "Endangered" under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act and under the Commonwealth Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC) Act. [15] [16]

Subspecies stenomera is classified in the ROTAP system as 3RC- [14] meaning that it has a wide range but small populations and is rare, but at least some populations are in reserves and the species not at present under threat. [17]

Use in horticulture

Subspecies acanthifolia of this grevillea is grown in some gardens but is sometimes unreliable at low altitudes. It grows best in a sunny position and is tolerant of heavy frosts. [4]

Related Research Articles

<i>Grevillea rosmarinifolia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales and Victoria, Australia

Grevillea rosmarinifolia, commonly known as rosemary grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia and naturalised in other parts of the country. It is usually an erect, compact to open shrub with linear, narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong leaves with the edges rolled under, and loose clusters of pink to red flowers.

<i>Grevillea petrophiloides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea petrophiloides, commonly known as pink pokers, rock grevillea or poker grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with divided leaves, the lobes mostly linear, and cylindrical clusters of usually pink to reddish pink and bluish-grey flowers.

<i>Grevillea juniperina</i> Plant in family Proteaceae native in Australia

Grevillea juniperina, commonly known as juniper- or juniper-leaf grevillea or prickly spider-flower, is a plant of the family Proteaceae native to eastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland in Australia. Scottish botanist Robert Brown described the species in 1810, and seven subspecies are recognised. One subspecies, G. j. juniperina, is restricted to Western Sydney and environs and is threatened by loss of habitat and housing development.

<i>Grevillea curviloba</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea curviloba is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a prostrate to erect shrub with short branchlets, divided leaves with linear to narrowly lance-shaped lobes with the narrower end towards the base, and white to cream-coloured flowers.

<i>Grevillea baueri</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to south-eastern New South Wales in Australia

Grevillea baueri, commonly known as Bauer's grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the coastal ranges of south-eastern New South Wales. It is a low, spreading to erect shrub with mostly oblong to egg-shaped leaves with red to pink and cream-coloured or yellow flowers.

<i>Grevillea rhyolitica</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales, Australia

Grevillea rhyolitica, commonly known as Deua grevillea or Deua flame, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It is a more or less erect shrub with elliptic leaves and hairy red flowers.

<i>Grevillea montis-cole</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea montis-cole, commonly known as Mount Cole grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to central-western Victoria, Australia. It is a shrub with divided leaves with 5 to 15 lobes, the end lobes more or less triangular to narrowly oblong and sharply-pointed, and clusters of greenish to fawn and dull purplish flowers.

<i>Grevillea synapheae</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea synapheae, commonly known as catkin grevillea, is species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a prostrate to erect shrub usually with divided leaves with 3 to 7 triangular to more or less linear lobes, and clusters of white to creamy yellow flowers.

<i>Grevillea oxyantha</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales, Australia

Grevillea oxyantha is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with somewhat silky-hairy branchlets, broadly elliptic to broadly egg-shaped or almost round leaves, and hairy, crimson and pink flowers with a red style.

<i>Grevillea ilicifolia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales

Grevillea ilicifolia, commonly known as holly grevillea or holly bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a spreading to prostrate shrub with holly-like leaves with sharply-pointed triangular to egg-shaped teeth or lobes, and clusters of green to cream-coloured and mauve flowers with a pink to red style.

<i>Grevillea angustiloba</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endenic to Australia

Grevillea angustiloba, commonly known as dissected holly-leaf grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a prostrate, low-lying or erect shrub with deeply divided pinnate leaves and usually red, sometimes orange or pale yellow flowers.

<i>Grevillea neurophylla</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Victoria, Australia

Grevillea neurophylla, commonly known as granite grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub with linear leaves, and clusters of white to pale pink flowers with a strongly hooked style.

<i>Grevillea parviflora</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales, Australia

Grevillea parviflora, commonly known as small-flower grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the Sydney region of eastern New South Wales. It is a low, dense, spreading to erect shrub with more or less linear leaves and white flowers with a red style that sometimes turns red as it ages.

Grevillea obtusiflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to a small area of eastern New South Wales. It is a low, spreading to erect shrub with many stems, narrowly elliptic to oblong or linear to narrowly egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and pinkish-red and cream-coloured flowers with a red style.

<i>Grevillea plurijuga</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea plurijuga is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern Western Australia. It is a prostrate to low-lying or dense mounded to erect shrub with divided leaves with linear lobes and loose clusters of hairy, red or pink flowers.

<i>Grevillea dryandroides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Grevillea dryandroides, commonly known as phalanx grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. A diffuse, clumping shrub, it often forms suckers and has divided leaves with up to 35 pairs of leaflets, and groups of red to pinkish flowers on an unusually long, trailing peduncle.

<i>Grevillea ramosissima</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to south-eastern Australia

Grevillea ramosissima, commonly known as fan grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern continental Australia. It is a low, spreading shrub with lobed leaves and clusters of cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers.

Grevillea nematophylla, commonly known as water bush or silver-leaved water bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is shrub or small tree with simple or pinnatisect leaves, the leaves or lobes linear, and branched, cylindrical clusters of cream-coloured flowers.

<i>Grevillea humilis</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Grevillea humilis is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern New South Wales. It is an erect to spreading shrub with narrowly elliptic to more or less linear leaves, and pink or white flowers.

<i>Grevillea diffusa</i> Species of plant in the Proteaceae family

Grevillea diffusa is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the Sydney region of New South Wales. It is a low, compact shrub with elliptic to linear leaves, and dark red, or dark crimson to scarlet and burgundy-coloured flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 Keith, D.A. (2020). "Grevillea acanthifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T112645499A113309160. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T112645499A113309160.en . Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  2. "Grevillea acanthifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 Makinson, Robert Owen. "Grevillea acanthifolia". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney:plantnet. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Grevillea acanthifolia". Australian Native Plants Society Australia. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  5. 1 2 Sheather, Warren; Sheather, Gloria. "Grevillea acanthifolia". A View from Yallaroo. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  6. 1 2 Carolin, Roger; Tindale, Mary (1994). Flora of the Sydney region (4th ed.). Chatswood, NSW: Reed. p. 268. ISBN   0730104001.
  7. "Grevillea acanthifolia". APNI. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  8. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 340.
  9. "Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. acanthifolia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  10. Makinson, Robert Owen. "Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. acanthifolia". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney:plantnet. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  11. "Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. paludosa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  12. Makinson, Robert Owen. "Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. paludosa". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney:plantnet. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  13. "Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. stenomera". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  14. 1 2 Makinson, Robert Owen. "Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. stenomera". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney:plantnet. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  15. 1 2 "Bog grevillea profile". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  16. "Approved conservation advice for Grevillea acanthifolia subsp. paludosa (Bog grevillea)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  17. "Threatened flora lists". Australian Native Plants Society Australia. Retrieved 13 November 2016.