Red toothbrushes | |
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In the Australian National Botanic Gardens | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Proteales |
Family: | Proteaceae |
Genus: | Grevillea |
Species: | G. hookeriana |
Binomial name | |
Grevillea hookeriana | |
Subspecies | |
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Grevillea hookeriana, commonly known as red toothbrushes or Hooker's grevillea, [3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub, usually with linear leaves or deeply divided leaves with linear lobes, and toothbrush-shaped groups of red, black or yellowish green flowers, the style maroon to black.
Grevillea hookeriana is a spreading to erect shrub that typically grows to 0.5–2.5 m (1 ft 8 in – 8 ft 2 in) high and up to 4 m (13 ft) wide. Its leaves are 10–135 mm (0.39–5.31 in) long, sometimes linear and 0.6–2.6 mm (0.024–0.102 in) wide, or deeply divided with up to nine linear lobes 0.8–1.9 mm (0.031–0.075 in) wide. The linear leaves or lobes are sharply-pointed, the edges rolled under obscuring most of the lower surface. The flowers are arranged in toothbrush-shaped groups on a rachis 25–80 mm (0.98–3.15 in) long, and are silky- to shaggy-hairy, red, black or yellowish-green the pistil 18–21.5 mm (0.71–0.85 in) long. The fruit is a hairy follicle 12–18 mm (0.47–0.71 in) long. [3] [4]
Grevillea hookeriana was first formally described in 1845 by Carl Meissner in Johann Georg Christian Lehmann's Plantae Preissianae from specimens collected by James Drummond near the Swan River. [5] [6] The specific epithet (hookeriana) honours William Jackson Hooker, and probably also his son Joseph Dalton Hooker. [7]
In 2000, Robert Owen Makinson described three subspecies of G. hookeriana in the Flora of Australia and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
Subspecies hookeriana is variable, and four forms can be distinguished, with frequent intermediates. [15]
Hooker's grevillea is widespread in the south-west of Western Australia, where it grows in heath or shrubland, mainly between Three Springs, Mount Churchman (near Karroun Hill Nature Reserve), Coolgardie and Katanning. [4] [3] Subspecies apiciloba is mostly found in the centre of the species' range, [10] [9] subsp. digitata in the north-west of the species' range [13] [12] and subsp. hookeriana in the area between Coorow, Katanning, Newdegate and Merredin. [16] [15]
Grevillea hookeriana is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. [1] All three subspecies are listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. [4] [10] [13] [16]
This species has a widespread distribution where it is locally common, and the species' population as a whole is generally stable. Although land clearing for agriculture has reduced much of its distribution, it occurs within multiple protected areas and large areas of its range remain unaffected by land clearing. [1]
A cultivar known as G.'Red Hooks' (often erroneously referred to as G. hookeriana or G. hookerana) has been in cultivation for many years. It is a hybrid of G. hookeriana and G. tetragonoloba . [17] G. hookeriana is comparatively rare in cultivation, and less vigorous than the cultivar. It is best suited to a climate where the summers are dry. [17] It requires good drainage and prefers a sunny or partially shaded position and has moderate frost resistance. [17] Propagation is from semi-mature cuttings or seed. [17]
Grevillea petrophiloides, commonly known as pink pokers, rock grevillea or poker grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with divided leaves, the lobes mostly linear, and cylindrical clusters of usually pink to reddish pink and bluish-grey flowers.
Grevillea armigera, also known as prickly toothbrushes or thorny grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with deeply-lobed leaves, the lobes linear and sharply pointed, and grey, green or pale yellow flowers with black to maroon styles.
Grevillea acanthifolia, commonly known as the Acanthus-leaved grevillea, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a shrub with stiff, prickly, divided leaves and pink to purple "toothbrush" flowers.
Grevillea obtecta, commonly known as Fryerstown grevillea, Elphinstone grevillea or Taradale grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Victoria in Australia. It is a prostrate, clumping or straggling shrub with pinnatifid, pinnatipartite or toothed leaves, and toothbrush-like clusters of light green to yellowish and purplish to black flowers with a dull yellow to pink style.
Grevillea concinna, commonly known as red combs or elegant grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading to erect shrub with mostly linear to narrow wedge-shaped leaves sometimes with a sharp point on the tip. Flower colour varies with subspecies.
Grevillea montis-cole, commonly known as Mount Cole grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to central-western Victoria, Australia. It is a shrub with divided leaves with 5 to 15 lobes, the end lobes more or less triangular to narrowly oblong and sharply-pointed, and clusters of greenish to fawn and dull purplish flowers.
Grevillea tripartita is species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, prickly shrub with divided leaves with 3 lobes, and clusters of red and cream-coloured or reddish-orange and yellow flowers.
Grevillea synapheae, commonly known as catkin grevillea, is species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a prostrate to erect shrub usually with divided leaves with 3 to 7 triangular to more or less linear lobes, and clusters of white to creamy yellow flowers.
Grevillea diversifolia, the variable-leaved grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect to prostrate shrub with simple or divided leaves and groups white to cream-coloured flowers with a dull red style.
Grevillea ilicifolia, commonly known as holly grevillea or holly bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a spreading to prostrate shrub with holly-like leaves with sharply-pointed triangular to egg-shaped teeth or lobes, and clusters of green to cream-coloured and mauve flowers with a pink to red style.
Grevillea plurijuga is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southern Western Australia. It is a prostrate to low-lying or dense mounded to erect shrub with divided leaves with linear lobes and loose clusters of hairy, red or pink flowers.
Grevillea scortechinii, commonly known as black grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a prostrate to sprawling shrub with serrated to pinnatifid leaves, the end lobes broadly triangular and often sharply-pointed, and clusters of brown flowers with a dark purplish-black style. There are two subspecies, subsp. scortechinii found in Queensland and subsp. sarmentosa, found in New South Wales.
Grevillea ramosissima, commonly known as fan grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern continental Australia. It is a low, spreading shrub with lobed leaves and clusters of cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers.
Grevillea nematophylla, commonly known as water bush or silver-leaved water bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is shrub or small tree with simple or pinnatisect leaves, the leaves or lobes linear, and branched, cylindrical clusters of cream-coloured flowers.
Grevillea amplexans is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the Mid West region of Western Australia. It is a spreading shrub with arching branches, stem-clasping, sharply-pointed, lobed or toothed leaves and white to cream-coloured flowers.
Grevillea commutata is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the west of Western Australia. It is a spreading, open to dense shrub with egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and white, cream-coloured, and pinkish-green flowers.
Grevillea manglesioides is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading shrub usually with wedge-shaped leaves with lobed ends, and toothbrush-shaped clusters of flowers, the colour varying with subspecies.
Grevillea obliquistigma is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading shrub with linear leaves, and conical to cylindrical clusters of creamy-white to yellowish cream-coloured flowers, sometimes tinged with pink.
Grevillea patentiloba is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a prostrate to erect, spreading to straggling shrub with divided leaves, and down-turned clusters of red to deep pink and cream-coloured to bright yellow flowers with a red to deep pink style.
Grevillea pyramidalis, commonly known as the caustic bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to north-western Australia. It is an erect, spindly shrub or small tree with simple linear or pinnatisect leaves with linear to narrowly egg-shaped lobes, and white to yellow or cream-coloured flowers.