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This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Guatemala |
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Executive |
Legislature |
Judiciary |
General elections were held in Guatemala on 9 November 2003, with a second round of the presidential election held on 28 December. [1] Óscar Berger won the presidential election, representing the Grand National Alliance, a coalition of alliance of the Patriotic Party, the Reform Movement and the National Solidarity Party. The Alliance were also victorious in the Congressional elections, winning 47 of the 158 seats. Voter turnout was 57.9% in the Congressional elections, 58.9% in the first round of the presidential elections and 46.8% in the second. [2]
Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, Honduras to the east, El Salvador to the southeast and the Pacific Ocean to the south. With an estimated population of around 16.6 million, it is the most populated country in Central America. Guatemala is a representative democracy; its capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción, also known as Guatemala City.
Óscar José Rafael Berger Perdomo was President of Guatemala from 2004 to 2008.
The Patriotic Party was a conservative political party in Guatemala. It was founded on 24 February 2001 by retired Army General Otto Pérez Molina.
The ruling Republican Front of Guatemala (FRG) nominated former military ruler Efraín Ríos Montt to succeed outgoing president Alfonso Portillo Cabrera. A constitutional ban on former coup leaders (Ríos Montt during 1982-83) led to strong conflict inside the country, including the besiegement of Guatemala for a day: 24 July 2003, known as jueves negro ("Black Thursday"). In the first round of voting, Ríos Montt came third behind the centrist mayor of Guatemala City, Óscar Berger, and the more left-wing candidate Álvaro Colom.
José Efraín Ríos Montt was a Guatemalan general and politician who served as President of Guatemala. Born in Huehuetenango, he was a dictator who took power as a result of a coup d'état on March 23, 1982. He was overthrown by his defense minister, Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores, in another coup d'état on August 8, 1983. In the 2003 presidential elections, Ríos Montt unsuccessfully ran as the candidate of the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG). In 2007 he returned to public office as a member of Congress, thereby gaining prosecutorial immunity. He was protected from a pair of long-running lawsuits alleging war crimes against him and a number of his former ministers and counselors during their term in the presidential palace in 1982–83. His immunity ended on January 14, 2012, with the end of his term in legislative office. On January 26, 2012, he appeared in court in Guatemala and was formally indicted for genocide and crimes against humanity.
Jueves negro refers to a violent series of political demonstrations that created havoc in Guatemala City on 24 and 25 July 2003.
Guatemala City, locally known as Guatemala or Guate, officially Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción, is the capital and largest city of Guatemala, and the most populous in Central America. The city is located in the south-central part of the country, nestled in a mountain valley called Valle de la Ermita. It is estimated that its population is about 1 million. Guatemala City is also the capital of the Municipality of Guatemala and of the Guatemala Department.
Grand National Alliance | ||
---|---|---|
Óscar Berger Perdomo | Eduardo Stein | |
for President | for Vice President | |
Mayor of Guatemala City (1991-1999) Candidate for President (1999) | Minister of Foreign Affairs (1996-2000) |
National Unity of Hope | ||
---|---|---|
Álvaro Colom | Fernando Andrade Díaz | |
for President | for Vice President | |
General Secretary of National Unity of Hope (2003- ) Candidate for President (1999) | Candidate for President (1995) |
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
Óscar Berger | Grand National Alliance | 921,233 | 34.3 | 1,235,303 | 54.1 |
Álvaro Colom | National Unity of Hope | 707,578 | 26.4 | 1,046,868 | 45.9 |
Efraín Ríos Montt | Guatemalan Republican Front | 518,328 | 19.3 | ||
Leonel Eliseo Lopez Rodas | National Advancement Party | 224,127 | 8.4 | ||
Frederich García-Galont Bischof | Unionist Party | 80,943 | 3.0 | ||
Rodrigo Asturias | Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity | 69,297 | 2.6 | ||
Eduardo Suger | Authentic Integral Development | 59,774 | 2.2 | ||
Jacobo Arbenz Villanova | Guatemalan Christian Democracy | 42,186 | 1.6 | ||
José Angel Lee Duarte | Social Participative Democracy | 37,505 | 1.4 | ||
Francisco Arredondo | National Union | 11,979 | 0.4 | ||
Manuel Eduardo Conde Orellana | Social and Political Movement National Change | 10,829 | 0.4 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 253,390 | – | 91,298 | – | |
Total | 2,937,169 | 100 | 2,373,469 | 100 | |
Sources: Nohlen; European Union Electoral Observation Mission Final Report (p. 19 - first round, p. 20 - second round) [3] |
Party | PR | District | Total seats | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
Grand National Alliance | 620,121 | 24.3 | 504,010 | 23.0 | 49 |
Guatemalan Republican Front | 502,470 | 19.7 | 486,019 | 22.2 | 41 |
National Unity of Hope | 457,308 | 17.9 | 362,859 | 16.5 | 30 |
National Advancement Party | 278,393 | 10.9 | 270,549 | 12.3 | 17 |
Unionist Party | 157,893 | 6.2 | 133,663 | 6.1 | 7 |
New Nation Alliance | 123,853 | 4.9 | 59,891 | 2.7 | 6 |
Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity | 107,276 | 4.2 | 93,980 | 4.3 | 2 |
Guatemalan Christian Democracy | 82,234 | 3.2 | 78,523 | 3.6 | 0 |
Authentic Integral Development | 75,295 | 2.9 | 67,456 | 3.1 | 1 |
Democratic Union | 55,793 | 2.2 | 55,321 | 2.5 | 2 |
Social Participative Democracy | 28,425 | 1.1 | 29,109 | 1.3 | 0 |
Transparency | 27,740 | 1.1 | 21,421 | 1.0 | 0 |
Social and Political Movement National Change | 18,005 | 0.7 | 15,265 | 0.5 | 0 |
National Union | 17,478 | 0.7 | 10,274 | 0.5 | 0 |
Other parties | – | – | 4,204 | 0.2 | 0 |
Invalid/blank results | 384,562 | – | 318,828 | – | – |
Total | 2,936,936 | 100 | 2,511,372 | 100 | 158 |
Sources: Nohlen; European Union Electoral Observation Mission Final Report (p. 19) [3] |
Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera is a Guatemalan politician who served as President of Guatemala from 2000 to 2004.
The National Advancement Party is a conservative political party in Guatemala. It was founded in 1989.
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