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The Second Chechen War took place in Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, from August 1999 to April 2009. In August 1999, Islamist fighters from Chechnya infiltrated Russia's Dagestan region, declaring it an independent state and calling for holy war. During the initial campaign, Russian military and pro-Russian Chechen paramilitary forces faced Chechen separatists in open combat and seized the Chechen capital Grozny after a winter siege that lasted from December 1999 until February 2000. Russia established direct rule over Chechnya in May 2000 although Chechen militant resistance throughout the North Caucasus region continued to inflict heavy Russian casualties and challenge Russian political control over Chechnya for several years. Both sides carried out attacks against civilians. These attacks drew international condemnation.
The 1999–2000 battle of Grozny was the siege and assault of the Chechen capital Grozny by Russian forces, lasting from late 1999 to early 2000. The siege and fighting left the capital devastated. In 2003, the United Nations called Grozny the most destroyed city on Earth. Between 5,000 and 8,000 civilians were killed during the siege, making it the bloodiest episode of the Second Chechen War.
Human rights violations were committed by the warring sides during the second war in Chechnya. Both Russian officials and Chechen rebels have been regularly and repeatedly accused of committing war crimes including kidnapping, torture, murder, hostage taking, looting, rape, decapitation, and assorted other breaches of the law of war. International and humanitarian organizations, including the Council of Europe and Amnesty International, have criticized both sides of the conflict for blatant and sustained violations of international humanitarian law.
In June 2000, the North Caucasian Chechen separatist-led Chechen insurgents added suicide bombing to their tactics in their struggle against Russia. Since then, there have been dozens of suicide attacks within and outside the republic of Chechnya, resulting in thousands of casualties among Russian security personnel and civilians. The profiles of the suicide bombers have varied, as have the circumstances surrounding the bombings.
The Kizlyar–Pervomayskoye hostage crisis, also known in Russia as the terrorist act in Kizlyar, occurred in January 1996 during the First Chechen War. What began as a raid by Chechen separatist forces led by Salman Raduyev against a federal military airbase near Kizlyar, Dagestan, became a hostage crisis involving thousands of civilians, most of whom were quickly released. It culminated in a battle between the Chechens and Russian special forces in the village of Pervomayskoye, which was destroyed by Russian artillery fire. Although the Chechens escaped from the siege with some of their hostages, at least 26 hostages and more than 200 combatants on both sides died. One third of the homes in Pervomayskoye were destroyed.
The Battle of Komsomolskoye took place in March 2000 between Russian federal forces and Chechen separatists in the Chechen village of Komsomolskoye (Saadi-Kotar), Chechnya. It was the largest Russian victory during the Second Chechen War. Several hundred Chechen rebel fighters and more than 50 Russian servicemen were killed in the course of more than two weeks of siege warfare. An unknown number of civilians were killed in the fighting as well. The fighting resulted in the destruction of most of the forces of Chechen rebel field commander Ruslan Gelayev. Scores of Chechens were taken prisoner by the Russians, and only a few survived. A number of civilians died from torture, and the village was looted and destroyed.
The July 2000 Chechnya suicide bombings happened on July 2-July 3, 2000, when Chechen insurgents launched five suicide bomb attacks on the Russian military and police headquarters and barracks within 24 hours. Russian officials claimed that six bombers killed at least 37 Russian troops and 11 civilians, and wounded more than 100 people.
Tarkhan Ismailovich Gaziyev, also known as Emir Tarkhan, is a Chechen militant commander who has fought in the Insurgency in the North Caucasus. The United States Department of State added Gaziyev to its list of Specially Designated Global Terrorists on 29 September 2015.
On 4 December 2014, a group of armed militants of the jihadist organization Caucasus Emirate attacked a traffic police checkpoint outside the city of Grozny, Chechnya, Russia. The militants then entered the city and occupied the "Press House" building in the city center and a nearby school.
References
- ↑ ISN Security Watch - 200'000 killed in Chechnya in 10 years
- ↑ "CNN.com - Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News" . Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ↑ "Programs - The Jamestown Foundation" . Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ↑ "CNN.com - Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News" . Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ↑ "BBC News - EUROPE - Chechen rebels kill 3 Russian soldiers". 30 April 2001. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 "Programs - The Jamestown Foundation". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ↑ "BBC News - EUROPE - Chechnya helicopter crash kills nine". 20 July 2001. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ↑ "4 Killed in Attack By Chechnya Rebels". 22 July 2001. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ↑ "CNN.com - Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News" . Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ↑ Army Chopper Fires on Chechen Oil Police, 2 Killed
- 1 2 "Programs - The Jamestown Foundation" . Retrieved 14 December 2014.
- ↑ "Archived copy". www.chechentimes.org. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Prague Watchdog - Crisis in Chechnya - the Chechen woman and her role in the "new" society".