Guildfordia aculeata, common name the aculeate star turban, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropodmollusk in the familyTurbinidae, the turban snails.[1] Also known as the "prickly star shell," is a species of sea snail in the family Turbinidae. It is a marine gastropod mollusk characterized by its distinctive, spiny shell, which is both functional and decorative.
The size of the shell varies between 35mm and 60mm.
The most striking feature of Guildfordia aculeata is its large, globular shell adorned with prominent spines or tubercles. These spines offer protection from predators and serve as camouflage in its natural rocky habitat. The shell can vary in color, typically ranging from reddish to brownish hues with a glossy texture. The aperture, or opening, of the shell is usually round and surrounded by a thickened edge, while the operculum (a trapdoor-like structure) is calcareous, aiding in protection when the animal retracts into its shell.
Guildfordia aculeata is found in tropical and subtropical waters, primarily in the Indo-Pacific region. It is commonly associated with coral reefs and rocky sea beds,[4] where it can hide among crevices to avoid predators. The species thrives at moderate depths, typically from 20 to 200 meters, although its specific range may vary depending on local environmental conditions.[5]
Ecology and behavior
As a herbivorous marine snail, Guildfordia aculeata feeds on algae and biofilm that grow on rocks and corals. Its radula, a ribbon-like structure with tiny teeth, scrapes food from surfaces.[6] The slow-moving nature of the species reflects its adaptation to a relatively low-energy lifestyle, common in many gastropods. The spines on its shell not only provide defense but also help to stabilize the snail when moving over uneven or rocky surfaces.[7]
Reproduction
Like other marine snails, Guildfordia aculeata is believed to reproduce via external fertilization. The species releases eggs and sperm into the water, where fertilization occurs.[8] The larvae then develop and eventually settle on the sea floor, where they mature into adults. Detailed reproductive studies on Guildfordia aculeata are limited, but its reproductive strategy likely mirrors that of other gastropods in similar habitats.[9]
Conservation status
Currently, Guildfordia aculeata is not listed as an endangered species. However, like many marine species, it may face threats from habitat destruction, such as coral reef degradation, pollution, and the effects of climate change.[10] The growing interest in collecting marine shells can also put pressure on populations in certain regions. Sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems are vital to ensuring the continued survival of species like Guildfordia aculeata.
Human interest
The shell of Guildfordia aculeata is highly prized by collectors due to its unique appearance,[11] especially the striking spines. As a result, the species is sometimes found in shell markets and collections around the world. However, care should be taken to avoid overharvesting, as excessive collection can impact local populations.[12]
Kosuge S. (1979) Description of a new species of the genus Guildfordia (Turbinidae, Gastropoda). Bulletin of the Institute of Malacology, Tokyo 1(2): 20, pl. 4.
Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp.1–82, pls 104–245
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