HE 1104-1805

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HE 1104-1805
Quasar HE 1104-1805.jpg
Image of the gravitationally lensed quasar HE 1104-1805.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Constellation Crater
Right ascension 11h 06m 33.40s [1]
Declination −18° 21′ 23.00″ [1]
Redshift 2.322200 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 696,178 km/s [1]
Distance 10.490 Gly
Apparent magnitude  (V)15.9 [2]
Apparent magnitude  (B)15.8 [2]
Characteristics
Type RQQ [1]
Other designations
Name Double Hamburger, CTS 463, QSO B1104-181, INTREF 439, SDSS J110633.38-182123.7, TIC 410396549, 6dFGS gJ110633.5-182124 [2]

HE 1104-1805 known as CTS 463 [2] or Double Hamburger in literature, [3] is a gravitationally-lensed quasar [4] located in the constellation of Crater. It has a redshift of (z) 2.32 [1] and it was first discovered by astronomers L. Wisotzki, T. Koehler, R. Kayser and D. Reimers in October 1993. [5] This quasar is classified as radio-quiet. [6]

Contents

Description

HE 1104-1805 is classified as a double quasar with an angular separation of 3.0 arcseconds and estimated B magnitudes of 16.70 and 18.74. [7] [5] When imaged, the quasar is found separated into two components, with the A component displaying emission lines of lower width, and a bluer continuum. [5] It is found lensed by a foreground early-type galaxy described as large with a mass of 7 x 1011 Mʘ. [8] [9] The redshift of the lens galaxy is (z) 0.729 ± 0.001 based on observations with the Very Large Telescope by C. Lidman [10] while dismissing other redshift estimates of the galaxy at (z) 0.77 by C.Y. Peng based on the assumption of a fundamental plane measurement made by C.S. Kochanek [9] [11] and at (z) 1.66 by F. Courbin. [8]

Combined observations with the Wise Observatory and by Schechter found the two images of HE 1104-1805 display time-delays. Based on results, the time delays are significantly shorter with a period of -161 ± 7 days while others estimated the time-delays between the ranges of -129 and -263 h-1 days, [12] 0.73 years via a quantitative analysis, [13] and between -0.9 and -0.7 years. [14] Another study estimated an interband centroid time-delay of -4.3+3.1-3.4 days. [15]

Evidence also showed the light curves of the two images displaying a long-term variability trend, indicating it was caused by microlensing from the stars of the lens galaxy. [12] Substantial variations were also noted in these images, although the B image has less fluctuations compared to the A image mainly because of the high dark matter concentration and low stellar surface density. [16] Monitoring campaign observations made with Chandra X-ray Observatory in 2009, also detected the flux variability of the A image of HE 1104-1805 has a high amplitude in X-rays. As the variability is uncorrelated, this indicates microlensing. [17]

The host galaxy of HE 1104-1805 is described as shaped into an Einstein Ring. It has a dusty appearance or little star formation based on scaling and addition of its arc imaging to both I and V images. [9] Observations also pointed out the carbon oxide emission are found associated with the AGN's two point-like imaging with offset emission peaks. This suggests the AGN is not located in the molecular gas reservoir. [6]

The central supermassive black hole of HE 1104-1805 is estimated to be 2.4 x 109 Mʘ. [6] Other studies estimated the black hole mass as 9.37 ± 0.33, 8.77 ± 30 and 9.05 ± 0.23 based on estimation of its emission line widths. [18] Several rich metallic systems of absorption lines have also been identified in the quasar's spectra with these lines being located at (z) 1.662, (z) 0.728 and (z) 1.320. [19] [20] [10]

Sloan Digital Sky Survey image of HE 1104-1805. Quasar HE 1104-1805 SDSS.png
Sloan Digital Sky Survey image of HE 1104-1805.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "NED search results for HE 1104-1805". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-06-14.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "QSO B1104-181". simbad.u-strasbg.fr. Retrieved 2025-06-14.
  3. ↑ Gil-Merino, R.; Wisotzki, L.; Wambsganss, J. (2002-01-01). "The Double Quasar HE 1104–1805: A case study for time delay determination with poorly sampled lightcurves". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 381 (2): 428–439. arXiv: astro-ph/0111075 . Bibcode:2002A&A...381..428G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011523. ISSN   0004-6361.
  4. ↑ information@eso.org. "Gravitationally lensed quasar HE 1104-1805". www.esahubble.org. Retrieved 2025-06-14.
  5. 1 2 3 Wisotzki, L.; Koehler, T.; Kayser, R.; Reimers, D. (October 1993). "The new double QSO HE 1104-1805 : gravitational lens with microlensing or binary quasar ?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 278: L15 –L18. ISSN   0004-6361.
  6. 1 2 3 Riechers, Dominik A. (2011-03-10). "MOLECULAR GAS IN LENSEDz>2 QUASAR HOST GALAXIES AND THE STAR FORMATION LAW FOR GALAXIES WITH LUMINOUS ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI". The Astrophysical Journal. 730 (2): 108. arXiv: 1101.5624 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...730..108R. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/730/2/108. ISSN   0004-637X.
  7. ↑ Reimers, D.; Bade, N.; Schartel, N.; Hagen, H.-J.; Engels, D.; Toussaint, F. (April 1995). "Optically luminous QSOs observed with ROSAT". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 296: L49. Bibcode:1995A&A...296L..49R. ISSN   0004-6361.
  8. 1 2 Courbin, F.; Lidman, C.; Magain, P. (February 1998). "Detection of the lensing galaxy in HE 1104-1805". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 330: 57–62. arXiv: astro-ph/9707183 . Bibcode:1998A&A...330...57C. ISSN   0004-6361.
  9. 1 2 3 Lehar, J.; Falco, E. E.; Kochanek, C. S.; McLeod, B. A.; Munoz, J. A.; Impey, C. D.; Rix, H.-W.; Keeton, C. R.; Peng, C. Y. (2000-06-20). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of 10 Two-Image Gravitational Lenses". The Astrophysical Journal. 536 (2): 584–605. arXiv: astro-ph/9909072 . Bibcode:2000ApJ...536..584L. doi:10.1086/308963. ISSN   0004-637X.
  10. 1 2 Lidman, C.; Courbin, F.; Kneib, J.-P.; Golse, G.; Castander, F.; Soucail, G. (December 2000). "Exploring the gravitationally lensed system HE 1104-1805: VLT spectroscopy of the lens at z=0.729". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 364: L62 –L65. arXiv: astro-ph/0010403 . Bibcode:2000A&A...364L..62L. ISSN   0004-6361.
  11. ↑ Kochanek, C. S.; Falco, E. E.; Impey, C. D.; Lehár, J.; McLeod, B. A.; Rix, H.-W.; Keeton, C. R.; Muñoz, J. A.; Peng, C. Y. (November 2000). "The Fundamental Plane of Gravitational Lens Galaxies and The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Low-Density Environments". The Astrophysical Journal. 543 (1): 131–148. arXiv: astro-ph/9909018 . Bibcode:2000ApJ...543..131K. doi:10.1086/317074. ISSN   0004-637X.
  12. 1 2 Ofek, Eran O.; Maoz, Dan (September 2003). "Time-Delay Measurement of the Lensed Quasar HE 1104−1805". The Astrophysical Journal. 594 (1): 101–106. arXiv: astro-ph/0305200 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...594..101O. doi:10.1086/376903. ISSN   0004-637X.
  13. ↑ Wisotzki, Lutz; Wucknitz, Olaf; Lopez, Sebastian; Soerensen, Anton Norup (1998-10-12), "First estimate of the time delay in HE 1104-1805", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 339, arXiv: astro-ph/9810181 , Bibcode:1998A&A...339L..73W, arXiv:astro-ph/9810181
  14. ↑ Pelt, J.; Refsdal, S.; Stabell, R. (July 2002). "Bias and consistency in time delay estimation methods: Case of the double quasar HE 1104-1805". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 389 (2): L57 –L60. arXiv: astro-ph/0205424 . Bibcode:2002A&A...389L..57P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020765. ISSN   0004-6361.
  15. ↑ Koptelova, E.; Oknyanskij, V.; Artamonov, B.; Chen, W.-P. (2010). "Multiwavelengths observations of lensed quasars: interband time delays". Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana. 81: 138. Bibcode:2010MmSAI..81..138K. ISSN   0037-8720.
  16. ↑ Schechter, Paul L.; Udalski, A.; Szymański, M.; Kubiak, M.; Pietrzyński, G.; Soszyński, I.; Woźniak, P.; Żebruń, K.; Szewczyk, O.; Wyrzykowski, Ł. (2003-02-20). "Microlensing of Relativistic Knots in the Quasar HE 1104−1805 AB". The Astrophysical Journal. 584 (2): 657–663. arXiv: astro-ph/0206263 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...584..657S. doi:10.1086/345716. ISSN   0004-637X.
  17. ↑ Chartas, G.; Kochanek, C. S.; Dai, X.; Poindexter, S.; Garmire, G. (2009-02-27). "X-Ray Microlensing in Rxj1131-1231 and He1104-1805". The Astrophysical Journal. 693 (1): 174–185. arXiv: 0805.4492 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...693..174C. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/693/1/174. ISSN   0004-637X.
  18. ↑ Blackburne, Jeffrey A.; Kochanek, Christopher S.; Chen, Bin; Dai, Xinyu; Chartas, George (January 2015). "The Structure of HE 1104-1805 from Infrared to X-Ray". The Astrophysical Journal. 798 (2): 95. arXiv: 1304.1620 . Bibcode:2015ApJ...798...95B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/798/2/95. ISSN   0004-637X.
  19. ↑ Smette, A.; Robertson, J. G.; Shaver, P. A.; Reimers, D.; Wisotzki, L.; Köhler, Th. (1996), "The Gravitational Lens Candidate HE 1104–1805 and the Size of Absorption Systems" , Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 101–102, doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0221-3_27, ISBN   978-0-7923-3955-7 , retrieved 2025-06-14
  20. ↑ Lopez, Sebastian; Reimers, Dieter; Rauch, Michael; Sargent, Wallace L. W.; Smette, Alain (1999-03-10). "First Comparison of Ionization and Metallicity in Two Lines of Sight toward HE 1104–1805 AB at z=1.66*". The Astrophysical Journal. 513 (2): 598. arXiv: astro-ph/9806143 . Bibcode:1999ApJ...513..598L. doi:10.1086/306879. ISSN   0004-637X.
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