HLA-DRB4

HLA-DRB4
Identifiers
Aliases	HLA-DRB4 , DR-4, DR4, DRB4, HLA-DR4B, major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4, HLA-DRB4*, HLA-DRB
External IDs	GeneCards: HLA-DRB4
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (human)
End	32,557,610 bp
Orthologs
	3126
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	P13762
	n/a
	NM_021983
	n/a
	NP_068818
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Last updated March 04, 2023

Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4, also known as HLA-DRB4, is a human gene.^[2]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta chain (DRB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages).^[2]

Gene structure and polymorphisms

The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa. It is encoded by 6 exons, exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities. Hundreds of DRB1 alleles have been described and typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation.^[2]

Gene expression

DRB1 is expressed at a level five times higher than its paralogues DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. DRB1 is present in all individuals. Allelic variants of DRB1 are linked with either none or one of the genes DRB3, DRB4 and DRB5. There are 4 related pseudogenes: DRB2, DRB6, DRB7, DRB8 and DRB9.^[2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Major histocompatibility complex</span> Cell surface proteins, part of the acquired immune system

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large locus on vertebrate DNA containing a set of closely linked polymorphic genes that code for cell surface proteins essential for the adaptive immune system. These cell surface proteins are called MHC molecules.

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a complex of genes on chromosome 6 in humans which encode cell-surface proteins responsible for regulation of the immune system. The HLA system is also known as the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) found in many animals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-DR</span> Subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains

HLA-DR is an MHC class II cell surface receptor encoded by the human leukocyte antigen complex on chromosome 6 region 6p21.31. The complex of HLA-DR and peptide, generally between 9 and 30 amino acids in length, constitutes a ligand for the T-cell receptor (TCR). HLA were originally defined as cell surface antigens that mediate graft-versus-host disease. Identification of these antigens has led to greater success and longevity in organ transplant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-DRB1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene. DRB1 encodes the most prevalent beta subunit of HLA-DR. DRB1 alleles, especially those encoding amino acid sequence changes at positions 11 and 13, are associated risk of rheumatoid arthritis.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRA gene. HLA-DRA encodes the alpha subunit of HLA-DR. Unlike the alpha chains of other Human MHC class II molecules, the alpha subunit is practically invariable. However it can pair with, in any individual, the beta chain from 3 different DR beta loci, DRB1, and two of any DRB3, DRB4, or DRB5 alleles. Thus there is the potential that any given individual can form 4 different HLA-DR isoforms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-DR53</span>

HLA-DR53 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB4 locus. There are 13 alleles at this locus that encode 7 proteins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-DR52</span>

HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. Three allele groups can produce 35 isoforms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-DRB5</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB5 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB5 gene.

HLA-G histocompatibility antigen, class I, G, also known as human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-G gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1, also known as HLA-DQA1, is a human gene present on short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3) and also denotes the genetic locus which contains this gene. The protein encoded by this gene is one of two proteins that are required to form the DQ heterodimer, a cell surface receptor essential to the function of the immune system.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP(W2) beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DPB1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HLA-DRB3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB3-1 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB3 gene.

HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-F gene. It is an empty intracellular molecule that encodes a non-classical heavy chain anchored to the membrane and forming a heterodimer with a β-2 microglobulin light chain. It belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues that separate from most of the HLA heavy chains. HLA-F is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and is also unique in the sense that it exhibits few polymorphisms in the human population relative to the other HLA genes; however, there have been found different isoforms from numerous transcript variants found for the HLA-F gene. Its pathways include INF-gamma signaling and CDK-mediated phosphorylation and removal of the Saccharomycescerevisiae Cdc6 protein, which is crucial for functional DNA replication.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DMB gene.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DMA gene.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DOA gene.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DOB gene.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ(6) alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DQA2 gene. Also known as HLA-DXA or DAAP-381D23.2, it is part of the human leucocyte antigen system.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DX beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DQB2 gene.

C1-set domains are classical Ig-like domains resembling the antibody constant domain. C1-set domains are found almost exclusively in molecules involved in the immune system, such as in immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II complex molecules, and in various T-cell receptors.

References

↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 3 4 "Entrez Gene: HLA-DRB4 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4".

Germain RN (1996). "Binding domain regulation of MHC class II molecule assembly, trafficking, fate, and function". Semin. Immunol. 7 (6): 361–72. doi:10.1006/smim.1995.0041. PMID 8775462.
O'Brien RM, Cram DS, Russ GR, et al. (1992). "Nucleotide sequences of the HLA-DRw12 and DRw8 B1 chains from an Australian aborigine". Hum. Immunol. 34 (2): 147–51. doi:10.1016/0198-8859(92)90041-K. PMID 1358866.
Kenter M, Otting N, Anholts J, et al. (1992). "Mhc-DRB diversity of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)". Immunogenetics. 37 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/BF00223539. PMID 1428007. S2CID 26557301.
Dong RP, Kimura A, Sasazuki T (1992). "Sequence analysis of three novel DRw14-DRB1 alleles". Immunogenetics. 36 (2): 130–3. doi:10.1007/BF00215291. PMID 1612646. S2CID 32928324.
Piatier-Tonneau D, Gastinel LN, Amblard F, et al. (1991). "Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120". Immunogenetics. 34 (2): 121–8. doi:10.1007/BF00211424. PMID 1869305. S2CID 10116507.
Nong Y, Kandil O, Tobin EH, et al. (1991). "The HIV core protein p24 inhibits interferon-gamma-induced increase of HLA-DR and cytochrome b heavy chain mRNA levels in the human monocyte-like cell line THP1". Cell. Immunol. 132 (1): 10–6. doi:10.1016/0008-8749(91)90002-S. PMID 1905983.
Rosenstein Y, Burakoff SJ, Herrmann SH (1990). "HIV-gp120 can block CD4-class II MHC-mediated adhesion". J. Immunol. 144 (2): 526–31. PMID 1967269.
Callahan KM, Fort MM, Obah EA, et al. (1990). "Genetic variability in HIV-1 gp120 affects interactions with HLA molecules and T cell receptor". J. Immunol. 144 (9): 3341–6. PMID 1970352.
Bowman MR, MacFerrin KD, Schreiber SL, Burakoff SJ (1991). "Identification and structural analysis of residues in the V1 region of CD4 involved in interaction with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (22): 9052–6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.22.9052 . PMC 55099 . PMID 1978941.
Gyllensten UB, Sundvall M, Erlich HA (1991). "Allelic diversity is generated by intraexon sequence exchange at the DRB1 locus of primates". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (9): 3686–90. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.3686G. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.9.3686 . PMC 51517 . PMID 2023919.
Lee KW, Johnson AH, Hurley CK (1990). "Two divergent routes of evolution gave rise to the DRw13 haplotypes". J. Immunol. 145 (9): 3119–25. PMID 2212675.
Gorski J (1989). "First domain sequence of the HLA-DRB1 chain from two HLA-DRw14 homozygous typing cell lines: TEM (Dw9) and AMALA (Dw16)". Hum. Immunol. 24 (2): 145–9. doi:10.1016/0198-8859(89)90054-2. PMID 2466818.
Fan WM, Kasahara M, Gutknecht J, et al. (1990). "Shared class II MHC polymorphisms between humans and chimpanzees". Hum. Immunol. 26 (2): 107–21. doi:10.1016/0198-8859(89)90096-7. PMID 2511168.
Clayton LK, Sieh M, Pious DA, Reinherz EL (1989). "Identification of human CD4 residues affecting class II MHC versus HIV-1 gp120 binding". Nature. 339 (6225): 548–51. Bibcode:1989Natur.339..548C. doi: 10.1038/339548a0 . PMID 2543930. S2CID 4246781.
Abe A, Ito I, Ohkubo M, et al. (1990). "Two distinct subtypes of the HLA-DRw12 haplotypes in the Japanese population detected by nucleotide sequence analysis and oligonucleotide genotyping". Immunogenetics. 30 (6): 422–6. doi:10.1007/BF02421173. PMID 2592019. S2CID 30397455.
Diamond DC, Sleckman BP, Gregory T, et al. (1988). "Inhibition of CD4+ T cell function by the HIV envelope protein, gp120". J. Immunol. 141 (11): 3715–7. PMID 2846691.
Owerbach D, Rich C, Taneja K (1986). "Characterization of three HLA-DR beta genes isolated from an HLA-DR 3/4 insulin-dependent diabetic patient". Immunogenetics. 24 (1): 41–6. doi:10.1007/BF00372296. PMID 3015788. S2CID 19599710.
Karr RW, Gregersen PK, Obata F, et al. (1986). "Analysis of DR beta and DQ beta chain cDNA clones from a DR7 haplotype". J. Immunol. 137 (9): 2886–90. PMID 3020127.
Andersson G, Larhammar D, Widmark E, et al. (1987). "Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Organization and evolutionary relationship of the DR beta genes". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (18): 8748–58. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47480-7 . PMID 3036826.
Wu S, Saunders TL, Bach FH (1987). "Polymorphism of human Ia antigens generated by reciprocal intergenic exchange between two DR beta loci". Nature. 324 (6098): 676–9. doi:10.1038/324676a0. PMID 3099214. S2CID 4365990.

This protein-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[1] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Entrez_Gene_3126-2] 1 2 3 4 "Entrez Gene: HLA-DRB4 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4".

[1]

[2]

v t e Major histocompatibility complex classes
MHC class I	HLA-A HLA-B HLA-C HLA-E HLA-F HLA-G
MHC class II	HLA-DM α β HLA-DO α β HLA-DP α1 β1 HLA-DQ α1 α2 β1 β2 β3 HLA-DR α β1 β3 β4 β5
Other	Human leukocyte antigen Minor histocompatibility antigen Blood transfusion Arrestin Calgranulin Human blood group systems Cell adhesion molecules Cluster of differentiation

HLA-DRB4

Contents

Function

Gene structure and polymorphisms

Gene expression

See also

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading